Evening Gazette

              -N ISP' ■■ raa ma ii: %. ,■ v juTj •jgj.v . *i jf .D ■ ;»» Vj  %£ ? • ' •*' »-- * % ? i'f Ai 'V ■•;; I LIFE UNDERGROUND. • t 1U1 C naked UMl ( ITi'TSTON. PA.. TUESDAY, MARCH 13, 1888. «• [DON LETTER- thing 'nto disrepute, and makes the word an offense to moderate minded men and womeu, who bare learned to recognize that too much meat mean* nervous irritation and disease, yet hesitate as to what course may be beet. To them I commend the following illustrative meant THE THERMOMETER. LINCOLN'S MILITARY INSTINCT. THE PALAIS SOCIAL KINO AND QUEEN OF DENMARK. TWENTY 6PECJE3 Of AMERICAN MAMMALS ARC BURROWERa fflnt Oku. Sherman Say*—Military Science PARIS' FAMOUS "PAMILISTERE" Thm CUT to Their Bon "la" tow aad Ha Delights t« Visit Than. HELEN CAMPBELL VISITS A VEGETARIAN RESTAURANT. AN INSTRUCTIVE SKETCH ABOUT A VERY USEFUL INVENTION. H» never professed any knowledge of the laws and science of war, yet In his joyous momenta he would relate his large ezperlcnoe as a soldier in the Black Hawk war of 1833, and a* an officer In the Mormon war at Nanvoo, In 1840. Nevertheless, during the progress of the civil war be evinced a quick comprehension of the principles of the "art," though never using military phraseology. Thus his letter of April 1», 1WB, to Gen. Mb- Clelian, then besisging Yorktown, exhibits a precise knowledge of the strength and purpose of each of the many armies in the field, and of the importance of "eonoentrie action.' In his letter of JuneS, 1868, to Gen. Hooksr, be wrote; in Unteohnloal Term*. FOUNDED BY M. QODIN. [Special Vww YORK, March v —Christian IX, king of Denmark, and his quean, Princces Louisa, of Hesse Cassell, are by no means among the greatest monarch*; bat they oocupy the very honorable poaltlon of being the parents of the two greatest ladlaa in Bnropa, and tha grandparents of at least three lines of kings —Russian, English and Greek. Queen Louisa may Justly take rank aa the greatest matekmaker in history, for on* of bar daughters la Csartaa at Russia and another Princess ot Walts and futura queen of Knglaad, tboggjk tha mother waa herself only a duchassby With, and became queen by * sort of aool- Tha Danish guiau—D to vary popular and thenars no KlhllMa in Denmark. The king and queen occupy their places by the force of a curious combination—a revolution. Tha WonCarfM Was* Ocas If Asia THE "ORANGE GROVE" VEGETARIAN RESTAURANT, Three Kited* of Instruments la Canaason Use Throaghont the World—The fahr* euhelt Thermometer—The Zero Point. Method or Verification. A Co-operative Factory with Hundreds Of Families {Jviae Coder a Single Itoof—,JEasy Hoars of tabor— Aged and Crtroled IBeared. Ml* latndMM Ik Pwarlytiw TkwMt Wttk ■ UmMUIm CmD Ik* Din«ultlM Kipwtewe* fcjr Min W»rkli( PMpl* n« Meat to Eat. * tr, ST. luvm's UM, OUJUM COMM. i Lai »al l»nm Aim HOT SWSBTS. oomplUh—AetltltT af tha Osapflah la Wat Owssl' Ofcssnatlsas. Although the earth worms ars undoubtedly vary important agenta in uwluuluf and breaking sp of soil, II appears to ma thai they ars most effect!** In tha tilled Hds or in tha natural and artificial grass land*. Bo far as I bars been able to olsa'n, theaa oreaturea ars rarely tosad ta our ordinary forests, where a thick layar tt leaf mold, oommingled with brabohsa, lies upon tha earth. The character of this dspostl laaoch that the creatures are not oompetsnt to nak* their way through it, airi ja where tot thaaoil la at a vary sandy nature earthworms are scantily found. If they are present at alL Tbsae worms are praotioally limited to tha soils of a somewhat clayey character, which hare no coating 0C daoayad vegetation upon them. Oatmeal, 8d. Dtmoo Urt CM oD» WheaCmeal. 3d. Card sauoe, 4d. Hominy, with milk or Wholemeal jam toll, 4£ golden sjmip, Cottage pudding, ad. Maise pudding. tCL Do., with fruit, Sd. The thermometer in it* crnde form was Invented by a HoRander named Cornelius Drebbel, who, it appears, mode the first instrument, which he called a "heat measurer," in the year 1038. His thermometer was simple encmgh, and had numerous delects, consisting of a gloss ball at the top of a long tube, the lower and open end being placed in a vessel filled with water, colored by a solution of nitrate of copper. This instrument was improved upon, and its defects gradually removed by otbors; but it was Hal ley, the famous English astronomer, who first proposed the use of mercury as a fluid for the thermometer. From Us boyhood K. Ondln M hesna student and follower of ttae social ideas of Umbo*, Vv S—TO the American mind the word vegetarian suggests more or less snspttbh that its chief synonym should be "eraak," and though hsre and thsre an advocate e( its claims is to b* Covad, it is felt that it Is tat a ptase of the many conditions wWii the experimental American is llkeiy to pass hsfars settling into oomfortablo acceptance ef things as they are. These who work among the poor discover shortly ttatsno of the teats of prosperity it to have stentthree ttaes a day, this meat being usually a lump of beef, fried leisurely till of much the rtsnletinwy of boot heel, and with •hoot the tame (lower of nourishing. Kven the batter cuts are treated in much the same fash km. and not only the very poor, but the wovfcasea of higher grades, have no oonoep- Msa of what may be done to make cheap cuts savory as well as nourishing, the French and Italian peasant woman being on this point far wissr than many an educated American. Cheap meat Is here, and in an abundance tiuktsns would fancy should suffice for every mm of the 4,000,000 and mora to bo purveyed for. Australia and South America pour la their supplies, and lands nearer horns are equally called upon. The "cat's meat man" is aot ena, but downs, and his trade announces itself unbluthingly side by side with ngular butchers. All odd bits and snds enter into pie* or saveloys, a form of beef Fourier and Fare ftihnMn Row, having reached a poattien at power and independaace, he determined to pal those theories into practice. His plan was to make one gnat family of all his work people, with common mutual interests tat the general welfare. Be accordingly natod a large building, to which additions have since fro® time to time been made, ontll it now has a frontage of nearly 800 fast. This hs divided Into suiteeef rooms fur his workmen and their famiUea. He oalled tt the "Palais Social." But it is mora commonly known as the "Familietere." At first the workmen .did not like the idea. They thought it would diminish their independence to live in such an institution. Bat M. Qoden soon persuaded them that the system would malts them really more indepandMt, bsslde enabling them to live fhr more obthply and therefore save far more money. In addition to the main building various wings and additional buildings have been erected, until now more thaii 400 families an lodged in the "Palais BociaL" Ware thsss in ordinary City tenements tbsy would solidly oocupy a street more than a mil* long. The buildings are all of brick, and are practically fireproof, and constructed with every possible device tor the comfort and sanitation at the occupants. The buildings are four stories high, and each story has a clear height of ten feet There is an abundant supply of water in every room. There is also a large courtyard attached to each building, paved vVith cement and roofsd with glass, serving as a playground for the children in bad Weather. The doors of the buildings are nevsr fastened, and there are no watchman nor special rules, so that all the oocupanta are as free to oome and go and do as they please, as though each family lived in a cottage of iteown. Bach family may rest as many rooms as it pleases, and its apartmsnts are entirely separate front thoee of its neighbors, excepting, of course, that they open upon a general publio hallway. Indeed the system is very much like that of of one of the huge apartment housee which have become so oommon in American cities. The cost of the buildings has been about tJ00 for each inmate, and the rent charged averages about tl per month for each room. I may add that M. Oodin himself hod always occupied a set of rooms in the "Palais Social," differing from those of hi* workman in no respect save the furniture, eta, be put into them. Connected with the establishment there an also free schools, which are of a higher grade than the public schools of Franoe, free librar rise and reading rooms; a wall equipped theatre, the prices of admission to which range from Ave ceats to forty cents; gardens and parks, co-operative stores, at which every tiling can be purchased at the lowest possible pricee and then pay an annual dividend of profit to the purchasers; a cafe, a nursery, and numerous minor institutions. There are also two flourishing choral societies whose occasional musical festivities are events of real artistic interest The nursery is the most valuable of all these adjuncts to the "Palais Social" It is a large, cheery building in charge of a corps of nurses, where mothers may leave their children for the day while they are at work. For there Is much employment for the women, in the stores, the laundry and ttkD stocking factory. There are cradle* for the very yoong babies, and playroom and kindergarten for the older. Even here U. Oodin's inventive play came into skill, In devising new kinds of cradles, ate., tor the babies, by which the comfort and welfare of the little onee is insured, while the labors of the nurses in attendance are reduced to the minimum. Bio* and tomato, M. oouitim. Carrot, Sd. Blancmange, W. Do. and Jam, «d. atewed peacbea, M. Do. aprioota, SdL Do.peara.ld. Graea pea pie, «L Egg and Freack heane, a la rnpcalee, M. - -D mm nr. Baked «arory barloote, Grapee, *t 40. Pears, Sd Madraaetew, U Forcemeat fritter*, M. "In one word, I would not take any risk of being entangled upon the river (Rappahannock), like an ox Jumped half way over a fence, and liable to be torn by dogs front and rear, without a fair chance to gore on* way, or to kick the other." a treaty and a vote of the popular assembly. After a long series of internal troubles, whkih Ml the right to the Danish throne In dispute, Christian VIII, in 1845, toned letter* patent proclaiming a uniform law tor all parte oC (he kingdom, but the people vera discontented, and whan Frederick VII succeeded, In 1848, there was war with Prussia about the Bchleewig-Holstein province*. By a treaty marie at London, May 8, 1853, the great hound themselves to recognise the ■muon Lemon squash, 4d. Soda and Urn* Jules, «L There aire now three kluds of thermometer* in common ase throughout the world; but the form invented by Professor Daniel Fahrenheit, an ingenious German in the year 1709, and from whom the instrument has been named, is the one generally employed in this country, and with which nearly every intelligent family In the land is provided, though the "centigrade thermometer" is really the meet convenient and is now adopted in all countries as the standard scale for scientific reference; and liko the metric system, its general uaein this oountry is doubtless merely a question of time* Again, June 10, 180B, writing to Gen. Hooker: VHR1IUS. Hashed do., Sd. Home Rule do., Sd. Grilled tomatoes, Sd. Potatoes, id. Orange champagne, 4d. Soda and milk, Sd. Ginger ate.Sd. Seltzer and do., 4d. "If left to me, I would no* go south of the Rappahannock upon Lseb moving north of It If you had Richmond Invested today, yon would not be able to take it in twenty days. Meanwhile your communications, and with them your army, would be-ruinsd. I think bee's army, and not Richmond, is your objective point If he conies toward the Upper Potomae, follow him on his flank and on the inside traek, shortening your linss while he lengthens hi* If he stop, fret him and fret him." As the greater portion of the scdattlng Mil has been produced In forest regions, I shall first examine the action of various animals upon the soils of wooded countries. The mammals are of all our vertebrates the most effective in their action upon the soil of forests. Twenty speciss or mors of our American mammals ars borrowers In the forest bod. Thejr either make their habitations beneath the ground or resort to it In pursuit of food. Of thsae our borrowing rodents ars perhaps the most eOectf**, but a large number of othsr small mammals resort to the earth and make oooaidarabls excavations. In forming their borrows or la the pursuit of other burrowing animals these creatures often penetrate through the whols or greater portion of the soil covering. The material which is withdrawn from tbs burrow Is accumulated about its month- The result is the overturning of a considerable amount of the earth and a consequent commingling of the material with vegetable matter. When brought to tbe surface and left exposed to the action of frost the breaking op of tbe material Is greatly favored, and thus the formation of tbs soil is facilitated. Stewed de., Sd. Vegetable marrow, ML Beetroot, Sd. Lemonade, Sd. Do., split, Id. Soda, split, Sd. yoang* Duka of Sohle^ig^Hotetoln-Sooden- Scarlet runners, Sd. Carrots, Sd. Seltzer, do., Sd. Potass. do., Sd. Zoedooe. Sd. and M. Lime Juice per glass, ad. Glass of milk, Id. Hartcota. Sd. Rice, Sd. Tomato salad, Sd. nus, 1b Mercury boils and vaporizes at a temperatore ot 602 dogs. Fahrenheit and (or obtaining any higbrfr temperature than this a metallic instrument called the pyrometer is made use of, but its indications are unreliable, and yet it remains to' discover some more accurate method of measuring degrees of beat higher than BOO degs.' by the Fahrenheit thermometer. At a temperature of 39 degs. be.ow zero mercury freezes and b» cornea a solid mass malleable under the ham mer. and for lower temperatures, pure alcohol (spirits of wine) colored red with carmine, is usually employed, bat as in the caae of the pryometer, ita indications cannot be depended upon tor accuracy. Fahrenheit was not slow to recognize the advantages possessed by mercury as a fluid for the tubo of the thermomoter. Mercury, as an excellent conductor of heat, is vastly more susceptible to the changes of temperature than all other fluids. It is much more easily obtained in a perfectly pure state than alcohol, which, even when prepared with the greatest care, often contains air as well as other admixtures; and alcohol is sometimes rendered thick by great degrees of cold, and under the higher degrees of heat it expands excessively and ununiformly. This is pure solsnoa, though the language is not technioaJL BREAKFAST AND TEA LIST. Oatmeal porridge, with milk  Wheatmeai, with milk  Maize, hominy and oereallne, with milk... Tea, per pot, ad., per cup  Coffee, per cup  Cbooolate. per cup..  Cocoa, per cup  Milk, per jug. Id., per glass  Omelettes, savory, sweet or plain  Eggs, boiled or poached. - Poached eggs on toast  Scrambled eggs on toast  Bread, buttered, per slice  Round of buttered toast.  Roll (white or.wholomeal)  Boone (white or wholemeal)..  American gem bread.  Hot scone, buttered  Butter pat  Genoa cake, ppr piece  Wholemeal cake, per piece  Wholemeal bun or biscuit  Cheesecake ...  Bice cake  Biscuits  Cheese  Lentil roll  Haricot pate  Welsh rarebit J  Marmalade and Jams.  Honey 1 .,  Celery and oheese  Watercress  It is related by Oen. Grant in his memoirs that when he waa explaining how he proponed to use the several scattered armies so as to acoomplish the beet results, referring to the forces in western Virginia, and saying that he bad ordered Sigel to move up the valley of Virginia from Winchester, make junction with Crook and Averell from Kanawha, and go toward Baltville or Lynchburg—Mr. Lincoln said, "Oh, yesl I sse that As we say out west, if a man cant akin, he must hold a lag while somebody else does." ■Http dear to the popular mind and known to ail reader* of Dlckena But th* saveloy la a mjnrry; not only the cat's meal, but the eat Itself la an integral portion, and it la known that ancient cab bora** look suspiciously at tbowindowsas tiny pass this dual home, and that rejected meat from any quarter has oertaia acceptance here. The saveloy at a penny, with the aooompanyipg mug ci hot cocoa, make* a sumptuous meal (or th* uenaboy or street sweeper; but the man who has learned to define stomach shrinks from th* complications of its make up, and look* toward th* windows where chops and atsaha art arranged in seductive nearness to tltnst"— and mushrooms. Often he looks in Tain, the (hilling, which Is the usual price for a chop and potato, being needed in several other directions The Englishman cravss meat instinctively, but wagee for every form of labor are so low that self denial is Inevitable. The English farm laborer sounta himself lucky if a bit of bacon large enough to flavor the dinner of cabbage or •unripe awl potatoes can ha had daily. More oftaa it to bat a Sunday luxury, and fresh natl of any sort Is barely seen from one Teal's sod to another. In the cltie* it la much th* same, though chaap meat, la the shape of trip* and every available ounce of the inward portions of the ...im.i, crowds the stalls and hangs from every available point in the dark and smoky Utile shops. Dark with age and grime, spacklad with soot, which flic* perpetually and aa perpetually Battles where one would least wish it—these hideous specimens of animal food are eold In any amount, from a penny worth np or down, and the record of Punch to, like many of its records, absolutely tras to life—the stall and a phenomenally big hatcher, looking down upon a child, who holds oat a small and skinny band: "Ifother wants a ha'penny worth o' weal, cot with an 'ammy knife to give it a flavor." It is plain that not even Australian suppUss can da nsurh toward bettering these i filUlnns far, as already said, both the workman and the man a few degrees above, live on a ram limited beyond anything that even the poorest American would thiuk of calling talary. It is true that clothing and sirmt other expenses are leas, but the Englishman marries early and finds In the months that most ha fad his chief and moat perplexing [»iiMw. The time cornea when tripe and oofcDne,livM-and baoon, even the saveloy, are beyond him, and ha begins to meditate oa the Scotchman's attachment to porridge aad to wcoder If human beings caa really livaoa it. It I* evident that th* time was rip* for the aaw departure which ■IBI to have taken place, and which, within a short period of time, has established twenty-four vegetarian restaurants in various parts of London, all ttuu far being in what la known a* "th* city," er strictly katlMss portion of London. How and then aa innovator who had crossed jto Atlantic t—tared to hint that cheaper meal* wm possible, and that a 'New York mMnat made money even from fifteen osat plats*, with their alio* at roast beef or oMs, potatoee, bread and butter, un- Umitod lo* water and a napkin, with no tip to watat, but ha waa frowned down by the siinesi isll i* ahn rsgarils Insert and napkin as extras and waiter# tlpe a part of the fnnndsWnn of society itself. Even where aaataa-ahop and steak can be had for sixpence, potato ■ and bread at a penny each, with the Inevitable tip, bring the meal to not tosa than twsnty oeata, and there la no ■sodium between the "cheap and nasty" and the high prioed places. It ia eaaily **en, then, what welcome an aad savory meal from sixpenoe up would meat with, and, after the first season ef dark distrust with which the true Briton gM*ts any innovation was over, the new departure was hailed beyond any expectation ef it* originators. It is possible to make a very comfortable lunoh for threepence—«lx rant* and quite a sumptuous one for sixpence, white fifteen or twsnty cents furnishes a varied and very abundant meal. Bread and napkin are extras, but there are no tips 'to wait**, and the surroundings and service are olean and attractive. Girls are employed lb hit * th«n, and their soft English voice* and gentle, courteous manner, In carious cuntraat to th* *am* class among us, are a very comfortable feature of the places. The. menus are made on the seme general plan i as the** of any restaurant. There is a six- penny department on an upper floor, where P three oeores* are served for sixpence; a soup, soma vegetable and a sweet, and a very popalar Institution known as the "sixpenny tea trey," which include* th* pot of tea dear to .11 Englishman, milk and a roll with butter aad Jam, er, if preferred, a round of toast — sgg. EMbar white or brown bread eayba ordered, the English brown bread mad* from coaree wheat meal, a very snt-—-m-i and nourishing form, beet imitated by the Amsrioan health food floors. The question is so often asked: "Can there ha any variety or really ralishabl* food in a ■■rely vegetarian supply?" that it seems quit* worth white to give th* menu of one dsyinfulL It must be remembered tfcr.t the word is no* used tn th* extrssn* swise, as has ha th* caw chiefly In America, but man* Mmptr abstinence from meat, with the fullest liberty in th* matter of milk; eggt wad butter, all of which th* extremists refect There Is even a small sect—th* Edenitae—who believe anartkad food to be the so- Mtoa of all food probtema, and who oonfina themaelvas to raw grain and fruit. It is this grdar ot vegetariaa that brta*s the whsia In his personal Interview with Gen. Grant about March 8, 1864, Mr. Lincoln recounted truly and manfully that "ha had never professed to be a military man, or to know how campaigns should be conducted, and never wanted to interfere in them; but the procrastination of oommanders, and the pressure from the people at the north and congress, whioh waa always with him, forced him to issuing bis series of military orders, one, twov three, etc. He did not know but all were wrong, and did know that some were. All he wanted or ever had wanted, was some one who would take the responsibility and act, and call on him for all the assistance needed, pledging himself to use all tbe power of the government In rendering such assistance," Considerable aa to the effect of borrowing mammals, the principal overturning of the earth in our primeval forests is aoonmpWDed by the inrsrtebrate animals. Where (ha woods are not very dense, and particularly where the soil is somewhat sandy, oor Urges* species of ants are very effective agents In working over the soil. Their borrows extend to the depth ot some feet below the surface, and each hill brings to the air several cubic feet of excavated matter, which, as slight inspection shows, to much commingled with vegetable matter. Wherever these ant hills abound they commonly exist to the aamfrsr of a score or mare on each acre, aad tha tocupants of each hill, in many cam Mac "*• much as a cubic foot Of asstfer to tha sortsce in ths course of a single year. The astiosi ef rain constantly operates to diffose this mnterial ou every side of tbs hill. Wemayoftaa observe a thin layer ef sedtmsnt extending for a oousiderabte distance freenlhu sisrstim. dxriiakk's dko Aim guaair at boma. burg-Olucksburg, as heir to the crown, and after much opposition the Danish legislators confirmed it, July 31,1863. So when Frederick VII died, Nov. 15, 1883, the dnke suooeeded as Christian DC. He had married in 1843, and his daughter, Maria Dagmar, born Nov. SO, 1847, was married to the Russian prince, now csar, Nov. 9,1888, so she is now tbeCsarina Maria Feodorowna. Her brother, Prinoe Wilhelm, married tha czar's sister, Olga Constantino wna, so their children are double oousins, and, of coarse, very dear to King Christian and Queen Louise. Although King Christian is now nearly TO yean old and Queen Louise a year older, they are a well preserved pair and maintain * lively Interest in public affairs. The income, or salary, of ths royal family is only a trifle over $300,000 a year, as tha little kingdom and all its dependencies contain but 9,900,000 people; and the only obligations laid upon tha king ars that he shall observe ths constitution and be a Lutheran. The government is quite democratlo, for a monarchy, the two houses of ths legislature having the chief powers; and under the liberal administration of King Christian Denmark to gaining in wealth and population. . The cut accompanying this is from an publication and to said to be from a photograph. It represents the aged monarch and his wife esated in ens of their favorite rooms in tha royal palaos at Copenhagen. It mnDt bi oonfwnd that Aooordinf to thti picture the weight of years rssts vary lightly on the sbouldsrs of their majesttos, but artists ars always proas to flattsr royalty. & TUB ZERO POINT. Serviette, Id. BUCKWHEAT CAKES AMD STIIUP, 4». In the Fahrenheit thermometen the space betwoen the freezing and boiling point of water is divided into ISO equal parte or degrees, the former being 32 ilegs. and the latter 213 decs, above aero, which was so called by the inventor from the fast that he supposed it to indicate the point of abeolute cold, or tho very lowest degree that could be produced and measured by any instrument. But the lowest degree of cold possible to be obtained is now estimated to be 523 degs., and the greatest artificial cold ever produced is 93 degs. by the Fahrenheit thermometer. The zero point of a thermometer does not indicate the total absence of heat, as commonly supposed and the term seems to imply, for an absolute zero of temperature has never yrt been attained, and has only been approximately determined, though it Is considered "convenient as an ideal starting point," The zero of a Fahrenheit thermometer is the temperature of a mixture of ice and common salt, which is usually employed in the operation of freezing ioe cream. At last be had found that man.—Gen. Sherman in The Century. THE SIXPENNY TEA TRAY, Comprising pot of tea, round of toast and an egg, or roll and butter and jam. "What sort of boys do we like best! City bred onee, of oouraa. The country lads an as a rule not nearly aa bright Then they do not know their way round. The little fellows an the best messengers. When they get to be 10 they an Inclined to think of themselves as men. The city lads, especially those who have been newsboys, an very sharp, 'cute chaps, and usually we find them honest We are inclined to take a decent newsboy at any time. He will chew and smoke cigarettes as a rule, but his eye teeth are cut, and he know* how to take care of himself and the company also. I could tell you some of tbe finest examples of fidelity from among such boy*. Oh, yes, they will swear and drink, too, sometimes, but if they are all right in other respects that sort of chap gets along. Best Boys for Mi The following, as used la the restaurant, can be had la small quantities: * lb. bags of oatmeal, haricot beans, lentils, hominy, wbeatmeal, wholemaal flour, ate., at reasonable prices. As is well known to all those who have inspected the eoil within virgin farseta, the earth to occupied by a host ot larval insects, principally belonging to the group ft bsstlss, but including also many erthoptsroos insects. These ereaturss in the oouree at thslr Mfc Underground displace a goad deal ef soil, a portion of which to thrown upon the surface, the greater part, however, beiafja«elr4toMga4 beneath the surface. The effeat, however, is to commingle and to break ap ths soil, and thus favor its ooi ml nation. Although ths roota of tress do by fhr tha larger part of the rending which to aooomplMtsd in (ha Ml layer, they do not faring aboat aaaeh coaamingiing of tha soil. Where the woods are wet end favor ths development of the crayfish the affect at this group of animals on ths srturning at the soil to extrsmsly great. It probably exceeds that which to acoompltobsd in Mr ordinary fields by the action of tha earthworm. A single crayfish will often faring in tbeoouree of a single osasoaVaoUvtor not toaitfcaa bait a oubic foot of sarthy matter to ths serf ecu la certain dtotriota where thsae saiiaato abound there appear to be not torn than 1,000 to each acre of surface. If sash bs thsir number it to evident that not tots tbaa 800 cubic feet of matter to hrnaght to thasarfsee from a considerable depth in the cornea of a year. As this matter to generally ef a rathsr fine nature and easily dissolved in wafer to rapidly washss away and forme a thia shsat on tbs surf ace. I am inoliaed to baiieve that large areas of oar wet woods and the ape* border lands along our streams are coaspletely overturned to the depth of two feet er mora in the course of half a oentury by the actioas of these afibnals. Homemade wholemeal breads, cakes, scones, etc.. Jams, tea, coffee, chocolate, etc. Open from 8 a. m. to 8 p. in., Saturdays 8 a. m. to 8 p. m. Breakfasts from 8 a. m. Dinners, M to 8 and 5 to 8. Luncheons from 10 a. m. Teaa from 4 p. m. Soups ready from 11 a. m. SSOUIS AMD BCADINO BOOH OM SKCOMD FLOOR. Doubt fliea before such a list, and the scoffer remains to eat and enjoy the savory eoups and entrees. Onions and various sweet herbs are the underlying elements of thaae dishes, the sscret of whose preparation might well be learned by our American oooks. The "green pea pie" has a tender, delicate crust, and the "savory barioota" do not belle their name. "Madras ste:v" owns to potatoes and slips of onion with some sort of brown sauce, and the "forcemeat fritters" have lintels as a foundation. The porridges are prime favorites. The restaurant fa near Whitehall, and the chief government offices and many a clerk whe rushes 1b for a meal makee it of porridge and milk, with a vegetable and sweet, and goes back clear headed and with no fumes of Indigestion to cloud his brain. He finds the thing began as experiment, eolely because of its cheapness, brings with it not only saving of money,but something mere and unexpected, and that improved beelth and increased power of work are added gifts of the new dispensation, and thus vegetarianism has made its way into popular favor, on which it has larger and larger hold. Physicians find in it "the cure for some dieeasee that have long baffled them. Sir Henry Thompson, one of the beet known and eminent among them, has written learnedly in its favor, showing that meat three times a day is actual poison to the system, and means rheumatism, gout and the worst affections of the kidneys. Reformers In temperance line* find that by the adoption ot a vegetarian diet the appetite for liquors disappears entirely, only returning with return to meat, and brain workers discover that work is done with greater ease and with possibility of longer hours than under the old system. In'short it hag 1,000 recommendations and no perceptible drawbacks, and, while it is by no means likely to find universal adoption, and thus the stock question as to what will be done with surplus animals need not for long to comS trouble the mind of any inquirer, it is certain that larger and larger numbers every year will join the army that from noon till 9 or 8 p. m. throngs the approaches of the twenty-four restaurants, and leaves barely room at the tables for the experimental visitors. HXLXN CAMPBELL. Ladies' Lavatorisa. The zero point of a thermc.uater should always be carefully verified, unless the Instrument Is known to be correct. To do this immerse the bulb in a Teasel filled with snow or pounded ice, and press slightly a layer of several inch around it, so that the stem, which should bC exactly perpendicular, is covered with snow as high as the freezing point on the scale. Do this in a room, the temperature of which is above the freezing point, as that point indicates the temperature of melting snow. Then in about half an hour read it, taking care to hava (ha eye exactly perpendicular to the column of mercury, and moving the thermometer freely about in the mixture. In ease the top of the mercury and the freezing point on the seals do not correspond, note the difference. Soma instruments are so constructed sa to admit of loosening the screws and sliding the glass tuba holding the mercury up or down a distance equivalent to the error, but it Is not advisable to make frequent pechanical changes of this kind. The correction above indicated should be applied to each reading of the scale. —Arthur K. Barrett In Detroit Free Press. ■ My experience is that tie life of a bard working newsboy, though severe and apt to teach him many things one would rather not have boys learn, does not make him diihomat or untrustworthy, bat rather the contrary. Indeed, ha learns to have a wholesome fear of going wrong. Then such boys are usually the children of mothers for whom they are willing to work. Well, we would rather have boys, of course, for whom soma one la responsible. Before we embloy a lad we examine cloeely aa to where and how ha lives, who is working in hi* family, what they do and how many they are. Oar best boys are often sons of hard working widows. There is something in the usc ssslty and love this creates that keeps tbe boys steady. We like to have a parent or goaidiaa oome with the applicants."—New York Graphic. A CATMOUC CENTENNIAL. Booh is the piaoe where the people live. Near by is their workshop. Tbe manufactories cover nearly four acres at ground, and, aa much of the building Is eevsral stories high, there most be in all at leaat fifteen acres of floor room. There are five miles at tramway connecting tbe various portions of tbe work*, and fully 1,100 are constantly employed. The balk of the business dans is the manufacture of stoves, ranges, furnaces, grates and their settings, ooa) scuttles, and other domestic utensils of oast iron. It is said the finest casting in the world is done there. Perhaps so. I have never seen any finer. The magnitude .of the business may be reckoned from the fact that there are usually on hand, in stock, from SO,000 to 40,- 000 stovss and oook ranges ready for ship inent. Fi spas lag to Celebrate the Itttk Tea* Baijiiiioii, March A—Ceotsnnialty to all Hie go in North America. Many old towns ars about to oetotoato. or have oelebrated, their 100th ysar, aad the United Statea, which began in UTS, expects to sclipee them in April, 1880, with ths osutscnlal of Washington* inauguration. So, too, the CathoUce of the United States wfll nSKt year commemorate the 100th annlvsraary of theeetabltohmsnt of the first episcopal see, which waa on the 0th day of November, 1T80. "Coma in here," said Warden McKlnney, at the county jail the other day; "I want to •how you something you never saw before." The reporter walked in and the speaker handed him a queer looking flannel bag, tied at tbe mouth with a yard of string. The strange object was a genuine voudoo charm, which had just been taken from a negro prisoner. The darky had parted with it aa a homeless, friendless man, out of a situation, parts with his last dollar. The bag contained some hard substance and the reporter's curiosity was excited. He undid the string, and, inserting his finger into the bag, brought to light another mystery. It was a rabbit foot, but so wrapped in strings and red rags aa to be barely recognizable. Next to the fur on the foot was wound some kind of a flexible reed, not larger than a knitting needle, and over this was wound a dozen yards of thread. Dangling from the foot were three small pieces of red flannel cut in tbe shape of a diamond, heart and cross respectively. Over the whole was slipped a covering that might originally have been tbe finger of a kid glove. Then the entire arrangement was inclosed in the little bag and tied about the neck. This was the luck bag or charm which tbe owner confidently relied on to heal any wound, cure any disease, or win any game.—Birmingham (Ala.) Age. A Negro's Voudoo Charm. It ia a very curious fact that the flnt Cathollo biebop for United State* wa» practically selected by Benjamin Franklin wb wel' — j not an orthodox iver. Father John J 1U roll, of Baltimore, M~, 1,_ gWI, i an early and itead- Ty $3j| 1111111 H| i II1 HM]iI] jE*«gfeJ 11. God in belierwa In easy boon of labor. According to bis theory, a man ought not to work more Chan three or four boon at a stretch. So he had them all go to work at • in the morning and keep at it till 9. Then there waa an hour's intermission for rest and recuperation. From 10 to 1:80 they worked again, and than rested (or an hour and a half. Another stretch from 8 to 8:80 finished the day's work. In all, therefore, ten boors'. work was dona Bat by being broken np into three sections it fatigued the men less than eight hours' continued toil would have dono. You will understand how low wages are in France when I say that the average pay of these workman has not been much above $5 a week each, and yet they are better paid than the hands in most other French factories. However, their wages do not represent all their income. From the outset M. Qodin established the principle of giving each workman a share in the profits of capital proportionate to his share in the work of producing those profits. The capital of the establishment is fWM,000. The annual dividend of profit to the workmen averages about 8 per osnt. on this, or $73,000. This pays about 8100 a year each to the workmen who live In the Palais Bocial, for of the 1,200 hands employed some 900 are mere outsiders, who live in the village of Guise and oome to the shops merely for tbeir wages, like workmen in any ordinary faclory.For the aged and crippled there are vari ous pension and insurance funds. There is a pharmacy hind, by which the sick can procure needed medicines without cost. There is no hospital connected with the establishment, however. 11. Qodin held ."'Jit it was best for the sick to be attended to in their own homes. Neither is there any ohapel on the premises, rtor any religious instruction given in the schools. 11 Qodin did not believe in religion and did his best to discourage the religious sentimsot among his people, although, of oourse, be did not positively forbid it, nor in any way attempt toooeroe the people to hU own way of thinking. As a rale, however, the Inhabitants of the Palais Social have been and are unbelievers inany diwtwl With norelietaMrihM^^e^th' In open grounds, in natural prairiss or gnu* plain*, thosmaller species of ants ar* extremely effective agent* in owtrtorainc tb* tolls. Wherever the ground remain* tor soma time unplo#ed it hcow oocupi*d by the** creature*. In th* (and y aoll* of e**tero Massachusetts the overturning Mat. plisbed by these creature* assnmss a geology cal importanoa, For many ysarsl harebeen puzzled by tb* fact that tb* gladalA terraces and plains of this region wen aste naively covered to th* depth of a foot or more by a coating of fine sand and very small pebbles, while below th* depth of a foot pebble* of larger six* ara very numerous, and the space* IMswb tbsm but imperfectly occupied with any material It is obviously impossible to explain th*** eoodttions through tbe action of earth warms, for - the reason that the** orsatures ara rarely found in soils of this description. From much observation I have become convinced that this coating of sandy material is to a great extent to be Explained by tb* action of various species of ants, in tb* forest condition by th* work of tb* larger black ants, and in tbe condition of open plains by that of the smaller speetat—Professor V. ft 8haler in Popular Solano* Monthly. The Eskimo's Religious Belief. In reference to their religious beliefs and superstitions, the Eskimo are n ju-bably reticent, for the reason probably that their intercourse hus chiefly been with rough, nvlo Bailors, and they are afraid of having their cherish ceremonies made the butt of the white man's ridicule. ' The dead are buried in the snow in winter time, and among the rocks in the summer, piles of stones being heaped upon them to keep off tha —olves and dogs. With the male dead they bury a knife and spear. Before the era of guns they buried also a bow and arrow, but when these became obsolete they did not put a gun in their place, arguing soundly enough that he must bo a poor hunter indeed who cannot get all the game he needs in the happy hunting grounds with a knife and spear aa his only weapons. It would appear as if there were advanced thinkers, moreover, who hold that even the knife and pear are not necessary in a land of such unlimited plenty, and who accordingly deprive the dead man of both, for it is very rarely that graves are found still containing those articles. With the women they bury nothing, holding that somebody will hunt game for them in the next world just as they hava.dona in this.—J. liaodonaid Oxley in American Magazine. BALTIHORB CATHBDKSXr-BIBHOr CAKBOU. that friend of American independence, and oongresa sent him, in company with Chase and franklin, to Canada to solicit the cooperation of that pro vine*. Franklin fell aide on tfas way and Carroll nursed him; so tha priest and the philosopher became Tory warm friends, and aa soon aa Franklin learned that ths new republic was to be separated by the Chtholic authorities from under ths Jurisdiction of the ricar apostolic of London, he urged the claims of his friend to the fint mitre seat to the United States. On the 1st of July, 1784, Franklin, in London, wrote: "The pope's nuncio o iled and acquainted me that the pope had. on my recommendation, appointed Mr. John Carroll superior of the Catholic clergy in America." This event will be celebrated next year with Impoeing ceremonies. Bight million American Catholics will he represented, and erary diocese will hare present many priests and layman. Every feature of the celebration will be thoroughly American and typical cf the progress of the country. •orgeouaness of a Royal Norse* It la somewhat lingular .that the most gorgeously dressed person in all the Spanish court should be the nurse of the infant king, a comely person in face and form. Ordinarily aha wean a rich Velvet skirt, with two broad bands of gold round it, a blue velvet apron, also trimmed with gold, and a bodice at blaok velvet, fastened with lovely silver buttons, which opens on an inner bodioe of fine lawn with lace. Bound her neck are five or six rows of coral beads, and she wean leng earrings of the same material A rich silk handkerchief is fastened over her dark hair, which she arranges Madonna fashion in front. For oocaaiaas of state there an other gboemaklnff Conduct?* to Mantel Ttfor. ghoemaking ia distinguished among mechanical callings (or the number of it* followers who have risen to eminence. It is said that the solitary nature of the craft tends to produce thoughtfulness, and the hammering at the leather stimulates the mental faculties. But tbe physical results are disastrous. Circulation and respiration are checked by the position which shoemakers assume when as work. In the few who live to old age* hollow at tbe base of the breast bone is often produced bjr the continual pressure of the last. Statistics show that out of 10,000 artisans who sit at their labor 3,577 fall sick and 96 die annually, whlW of an equal number who alternately sit and stand only 1,713 sicken and 01 die in the same period. A work bench ha* bean invented at which shoemakers may work standing.— Philadelphia Times. lee's Attack at Gettysburg. Gen. Blocum commanded the right of the Union line at Gettysburg, having his headqnaters on Gulp's hJU. In qwalrmg of Gettysburg Gen. Blocum said: "It was undoubtedly ths greatest battle of the war. Gen. Meade said to me en the field that if tee attacked him at a cxrtein point he woald beat him. It is a singular fact that the attack wae mad* In Just the way that Meade wanted it, and Pickett's chares anas delivered at tbe vary point that Gen. Meade indicated in his coo vernation with ma I wae of  meat by the enemy. If Jackson had beau there this woald undoubtedly hare bssn attempted. "—Brooklyn Tagia D», Chinese Place of Execution. We viaiud the place of execution. There was one head in a basket, cut off some weeks before, and around were many copper pets nearly three feet in diameter filled with heads and cemented down. The body is buried, but the state holds on to the head. For ten c*nts the executioner showed tha sword and solemnly went through the motions of taking off a caput He said he hid cat off a good many hundreds, but admitted he would have to strike hard to sever my neck with a single blow; the Chinese rock was and he rarely had to strike twice, The sword was about two feet long in  and not over two or two and one-half inches wide. By the way, these people have very »m«ii nocks. It is a little singular that the execution ground is used for drying earthen** ware for the kiiq. Where did this idea commence! Potter's field 1» almeet synonymous wiih the bvud place of the Cto*itute.—Car- Ur UarrisC» in Ciiioago Mail costumes more the chronicler, aa any the aotdllty wear.— Philadelphia Timea. handsome, says One of the moat extraordinary inoidente In the whole record of longevity is reported from Psath, U Bangary, where a beggar, a gad 84, triad to commit suicide by throwing himself into the Danube because ha was no Ion gar able to support hie father and mother, who are 118 and 110 years old, rsepectlTely. When ha tald this story, after his rwcue, It was laughed at, bqt a polioe inquiry ibowed it to be traa. The family are Magyara from the extreme eouU of gangac.-Frank L08 lie's. Am Extraordinary Inolftant. 'Sal Uttl* Ambition. tomattw— feel u If you would like to be a the little The Duke of Wettminater to reputed to h«ve a larger income than any other rabject of Great Britain. Ho omu row upon row of tenement houses, and jmmumb many square miles oT farming land. Bo reoeivea $00 • «P*»* The Duke's Tenement nerase*. Of Blithe i two at then bom, are a atediaAme •weet potato dindmml U«,akl7 kte*«C m tbm •SR rl —r  '•safes skis