Pittston Gazette and Luzerne Anthracite Journal

              vNpHHMM^pLL PITTSTON GAZETTE, Job Printing and Ruling. AND Luzerne Anthracite Journal. The "G-azette*" JoUbing Office, and the Job Printing Office of R'lCXZART C3g BK YE A., Being now consolidated, embraces a larger variety o Jobbing material than any other office in the country and is fully prepared to execute work of all Iciuda in the be»t una cheapest manner. Particular attention given to tbo following MANIFESTS, PAMPHLETS, CIHCULAHS, SHOW-BILLS, LABELS, NOTES, RICIIART, BEYEA & THOMPSON, « Gazette" Buildiug, Main Street, West Side. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY Tho OAZKTTE and JOURNAL is published every Thursday, at Two Dollars per annum, Itrictly in advance. f&T No postage charged within the county. OllDERS, HANDBILLS, BILL HEADS, t TICKETS, CARDS, Ac., 40. AND LUZERNE ANTHRACITE JOURNAL. advertising- bates J W. | 1 in. I | v nqimrC\ - - ' 00 I i -1 lKI I 6 00 I fi,.,u«r.-. - 1 60 I 2DK) | f)«H. | ;«l | 1» IK) column. - 4 00 'I 6 00 |" 7 00 | 10 00_ | 10 00 - t 00 I I ®#_|_X0 0OJ_18 00_| 8000 1 column, • »00 I 10 00 I 20 00 j 84 00 I 00 00 ■ PACK. Taaf 8 00 RULING. Ddwftii Ifl % €m\ Interests, flctos, literature, Stgricultitre anb (Heitend Intelligence. Ruled work ofalllcind*. done in the nentml ,ind bos manner, and printed n» requested. EvurythniK in thi» line will receive prompt attention. BLANKS. Regular yearly advertisers, not to exceed with card hree squares at any time, $15. Business notices, with an advertisement, 91 each. kePt on hand, or printed tooider.and soldon reasonable ternia:—Hliei-iUHaloNSSStXXSScO£SX:,'i;" *■».' VOLUME XII.—NO. 39. PITTSTON, PA., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1862. WHOLE NO. 630. 47* The above rates will be strictly adhered to. PRESIDENTS MESSAGE. frellovD Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives D Since your last general assembling,another year of health and bountiful harvest h is passed ; and while it has not pleased the Almighty to bless us with a return of peace we can but press on, guided by the best light He gives us, trusting that in His own good time and ise way all will yet be well. The correspondence touching foreign affairs which has taken place during the last year is herewith submitted, in virtual compleanee with a request to that effect made by the House of Representatives near the close of the last session of Congress. If the condition of our relations with other nations is less gratifying than it hits usually been at former periods, it is certainly more satisfactory than a nation so unhappily distracted as we are might reasonably have apprehended. In the month of June last there were some grounds to expect that the maratimc Sutf r without first obtaining the consent of and the great advantages of a *afe and uni- governments from whom replies have been organized will not only meet your approba'ts government, with an agreement on its . form currency sccured ? received. tion, but that it will realize, at no distant part to receive and protect such emigrants I I know of none which promises such I ask the attention of Congress to the day, all the fondest anticipations of its most in all the rights of freemen; and I have, \ certain results, and is at the same time so suggestion of the Postmaster General in sanguine lriends, and become the source of at the same timo offered to the several ' unobjectionable, as the organization of his report respecting the further legislation advantage to all our people. States situated within the tropics, or hav- ' banking associations under a general act of required, in his opinion, 1'or the benefit of On the 22nd day ot September last, a ing colonies there, to negotiate with them, Congress, well guarded in its provisions.— the postal service. proclamation was issued by the Executive, subject to the advice and consent of the . To such associations the government might Tuo Secretary of the Interior reports as a copy of whioli is herewith submitted.— Senate, to favor tho voluntary emigration , furnish circulating notes or the ser'inty "of foiiows in record to tho public lands : j In accordance with the purpose expressed of persons of that class to their respective ; United States bonds, deposited In the[ 1'he public lands have ceased to be a in tho sccond paragraph of this paper, I territories, upon conditions which shall be Treasury. These notes, prepared under source ef revenue From the first day of now respectfully recall your attcntiou to equal, just and humane. the supervision of proper officers, bcin« July, 1802, to the 30th of September, what may ho callcd " Compensative Eman- Libcria and Hayti are as yet the only uniform in appearance and security, and 1862, the entire cash receipts were S'J7,- cipation." countries to which colonists of African convertible always into coin, would at once 476 26, a sum much less than the expen- { A nation may be said to consist of its desent from here could go with certainty 1 protect labor against the evils of a vicious : Bes of our land system during tho same . territory, its people and its laws. The tcrof being received and adoptad as citizens, ' currency, and facilitate commerce by cheap period." i ritory is the only part which is of certain and I regret to say that such persons as 1 and safe exchanges; a moderate reserva-1 The Homcsteud Law, which will take durability. " One generation passeth and contemplate colonization do not seem as tion from the interest on the bonds would ' effect on the 1st of January next, offers another coraeth, but the earth abideth forwilling to migrate to theso countries as to compensate the United States for the prep- i such inducements to settlers, that sales for : ever." some others, nor so willing as 1 think their ! oration and distribution of tho notes, and cash cannot be expcctcd to an extent suf- It is of the first importance to duly coninterest demands. I believe, however, the a general supervision of the system, and lieieut to meet the expenses of the Gener- sider and estimate this every enduring fact opinion among them in this respect is im- would lighten the burden of that part of I al Land Office, and the cost of surveying, Thut portion of the earth's surface which proving, and that ere long there will be the public debt employed us securities.— : and bringing the land into market. is owned and inhabited by the people o: hi augmented and considerable emigration The public credit, moreover, would be1 The discrepancy between the sum here the United States is well adapted to be thi o both these countries from the United greatly improved and the negotiation of stated as arising from tho sales of the pub-j home of one national family, and it is no I litated b" i: *1"' 'ic land 1 t? "ns derived f~' the | well adapted for * or tn"" Itr Kr San Fffincisco; but seperate our common country into two nations, as designed by the pres- I ent rebellion, anil any man of this great interior i region is thereby cut off from some one or more of the outlets, not only by a physical barrier, but by embarrassing and onerous trade regutions, and this is true wherever advantage or j boundary line may be fixed. Place it between I the now free and slave country, or place it ! south of Kentucky or north of Ohio, and still i the truth remains that nonu south of it can ! trad a to any port or place north of it, except upon tcruis, dictated by * government foreign to them. These outlets, east, west and south, are indispensable to the well being of the people inhabiting and to inhabit this vast interior region. Which of the three may bo the best is no proper question; all are better than either, and all of right belong to that people and to their successors. True to themselves, they will not ask where a line of separation shall bo, but will vio lather that there shall be no such line. Nor are the marginal regions less interested in the communication to and through them to the great outside world. They, too, and each of them, must have access to this Egypt of the West, without paying toll for the crossing of any national boundary. Our national strife springs not from our per-* J :_L.i :i ..- x other property. It is no let* true for Raring been often said, that the people of the south are not more responsible for the original introduction of this property than are the people of the north, and when it is remembered how unhesitatingly we all uso cotton and sugar, and share the profits of dealing in them, it may not be sate to say that the south has been more responsible than the north for its continuance. If then, for a common object, the property is to be sacrificed, it is not just that it be done ata common charge ? And if with less money, or money easily paid, wo can preserve the benefits of the I nion by this means than we can by the war alone,is it not also econo* mical to do it ? Let us consider it  Let us ascertain the sum we have expended in the war since the compensated emancipation was proposed last March, and consider whether if that measure had been promptly accepted by even some of tie s!;ive States, the same sum would not have done more to close the war than haa been otherwise done. If so, thef measure would and in that view would be a prudent and economical measure. Certainly it is not fo eany to pay something as it is to pay nothing, but it is easier to pay a large sum than it is to pay a larger one. And it is cosier to pay any sura when we are able than it is to pay it before wo are able. The war requres large Sums and requires tliorn ot nnw Thn tggrotfnte sum necessary for compensation of course would be large, but it would require no ready cash, nor the bonds even, any faster than the emancipation progresses. This might not and probably would not close before the end of the thirty-seven years. At that time we shall probably have a hundred of peoplo to share the bnrden instead of thirty-one millions as now. And not only so, but the increase of our population may bo expected to continue for a long time after that period as rapidly as before, because our territory will not have beoome full. I do not stato this inconsiderately.— At the same ratio of increase whioh we have maintained on an average from our first national census, in 1790, until that of 1800, wo should in 1900 have a population of 103,203,415, and why may we not continue that ratio far beyond that period?— Our abundint room, our broad national homestead, is our ample resource. Were our territory as iimitcd as arc tha British Isles, very cortainly our population could not expand as stated. Instead of receiving the foreign born as now, we should be compelled to send part of the native born away. But such isuot our condition. powers which, at the beginning of our domestic difficulties, so unwisely and unnecessarily, as we think, rccogniZed the insurgents as a belligerent power, would soon recede from that position, which has proved only less injurious to themselves than to ou:- own country. But the teni|«jrury reverses which afterward befel the national artus, ami which were exaggerated by our own disloyal citizens abroad, have hitherto delayed that act of simple justice The civil war, which liar. so radically changed, for the moment, the occupations and habits of the American people, baa necessarily disturbed the aoeial condition and alfected very deeply the prosperity of the nations with which we have carried on a commerce that has beet: steadily increasing throughout a period of half a century. It has at the same time excited political ambitio is and upprcbeosious, which have produced a profound agitation throughout the civilized world.— In this unusual agitation we have forborne from taking part in any controversy between foreign States and between parties «r factions iu such States. We have attepted no propagaudism, and mud acknowledged no revolution ; but have leii to every natiou the exclusive conduct and management of its own uffuirs. Our struggle has been, of course, contemplated by foreign nations with reference to its own merits than to its supposed and often exaggerated effects and consequences resulting to those nations themselves. Nevertheless, complaint ou the part of this government, even if it were just, would ccrtainly tie unwise. The treaty with Great Britain for the Mppression of the slave trade has been pat into operat on with a good prospect ol complete success. It is au occasion ol apecial pleasure to acknowledge that thC execution ofit ou the part ofher Majesty'i government has beeu marked with a jeal oua respect for the authoriiy of the I'nitui States and the righto of their moral am loyal citizen*. The Convention with Hanover for tin abolition of the Stadt dues has been car Tied into full cffcct under the act of Con grese for that purpose. A blockade of three thousand miles o sea coast could not be established and rig orously enforced, iu a season of great com «erci*l activity like the present, withou CroiumittiD?(! occasional mistakes and inflict ing injuries upon foreign na tioan and sublet'*• A civil war Ul cur,in; im a country where /'"•einners reside, am italic. new loans greatly facD the stead' 'J'lic now commercial treaty between the market demand 1'or government bond: Jnited States and the Sultan of Turkey whiqji the adoptiou of the proposed systeu las been carried into execution. A com- would create. nereis I and consular treaty has been no- It is an additional rccommemlution o rOtiated with Liberia, and a similar nego- the measure, of considerable weight in ui; iation is now pending witli the republic of judgment, that it would reconcile, as far a layti. A considerable improvement of possublo, all existing intercuts by tho op lie national commerce is expected to rc- portunity offered to existing institutions t' ult from these measures. reorganize under the act, substituting onl; Our relations with Great Britain, FruD'.-c, ! the secured, uniform, national cii-culatioi Spain, I ortugal, Russia. Prussia, I'euuiark, for the local and various circulation1, secur ;we den, Austria, tho Netherlinds, Italy, ed and insecored, now issued by them. rtonie and other European States, remain j The receipts into tho Treasury from al indisturbed. Very favorable relations al- sources, including loans and the balanc o Continue to bo maintained with Turkey, ! from the preceding year, for the fiscal yea Morocco, China and Japan. i ending on the 30th of June, 1862, wen During the last year there has at least 85S3,88;D,247 OG; of which sum 849,050, teen no change of our previous relations iD97 CD2 were derived from customs; $1, vith the independent States of our own 711.D,'531 73 from the dircct tax ; fron ■ontinent,but more friendly sent mentsthan public lands, 8152,203 77; from uiiscel lave heretofore existed are believed to be en laneous sources, 8931,787 04; from loan crtained by those neiglib rs, whose safety in all forms 8529,092,450 50. The re nd progress are to intimately connected maindor, 82,287,005 80, was the balanc fitli our own This statement especially from last year. (■plies to Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa llica, For Congressional, Executive londuras, Peru, and Chili. | and Judicial purposes, The commission under the convention ir foreign intercourse, villi the republic of New Grenada i For miscellaneous expenses, (ints session without having audited and cluing the mints, loans, post , ,, . , • , . . ; office deficiencies, collectim lussed upiti all the claims which were of :1I„, )jk ubmitted to it. A proposition is pending i charts, o revive the convention, that it may bo Ijle to do more complete justice. The joint commission between the Unitd States and the republic of Costa ltica las completed its labors and submitted its eport. 1 have favored the projcct for connectng the United States with Europe by an \tlantic telegraph, and a similar project o- extend the telegraph from San Francis!0 to connect by a pacific telegraph with ;he line which is being extended across the Russian Empire. The territories of the United States, with unimportant exceptions, have remained undisturbed by the civil war, and they are exhibiting such evidence of prosperity as justifies an expectation that some of them will soon be in a condition to be organized as States, and be constitutionally admitted into the Federal Union. The immense mineral resources of some of these territories to be developed as rapidly as possible. Every step in that direction would have a tendency to improve the revenues of the government, and diminish the burdens of the people. It is vorthy of your serious consideration whoth- I r some extraordinary measure to promote j _s iii. "c sums derived from ... ame source, us reported from the Treasur; department, arises as I understand, Iron he fact that the periods of time, though pparcntly, were not really coincident al he beginning point, the Treasury report Deluding a considerable sun) now, which iaCl previously been reported from the inerior, sufficiently to greatly ovorreach he sum derived from the three months' uen, reported upon Ly the Secretary of he Interior, and not by the Secretary of he Treasury. The Indian tribes upon *our frontiers lave, during the past year, manifested a pirit of insubordination, and at several Doints have engaged in open hostilities gainst the white settlements in their vilinity.The trides occupying the Indian country outh of Kansas.renounced their allcgiunce o the United States and entered into treaies with the insurgents. Those who reuained loyal to tliu United Slates were Iriven from the country. The Chief of t-lie Cherokeos has visited his city for the purposo of restoring the ornier relation# of the tribe with the Tnited States. He alleges that they were constrained by a superior force to enter ino treaties with the insurgents, and that he United Stales neglected to furnish the irotection which their treaty stipulations equired. In th« month of August last, he Sioux Indians, in Mincsotu, attacked he settlements it their vicinity with, cxremo ferocity, killing, indiscriminately, nen, women a*d children. This attack ras wholly and therefore no ueuns of had been provided. It is estimated that not less than 800 Dcrsons were killed by the Indians, and a arge amount ofjproperty destroyed. How his outbreak w|* induced is not definitely cnown, and suspeions, which may be unust, need not b*stated. Information Wis received by the Indian ftureuu, from difcront sources, about the ,ime hostilities i were commenced, that a limultaneous attsek was to be made by the tribes between she Mississippi river and the Itocky Moun ains. The State of Minnesota has suU'eri*! great injury from this Indian war. A large portion of her ter rit""ry has been depopulated, and a severe loss has been sustain).) by the destruction of property. The people of ihnt State manifest mucl' anxiety for the removal of the tribe beyond the limits of the fctatc as a guarantee againsi ♦'uture hostilities. The Commissioner o A" • h full d ' is. DVv '.to or more. vast erent, and itg varioty of climate and produeions arc of advautago in this age for one tropic, whatever they might have been iu brincr ages. ftcnrn, telegraphs antl inventions havo Droug!it'these to bo an advantageous compilation for our united people. In the in- UgUral lllidrcsS, 1 briefly puiu(td oufe tin) otal inadequacy of disunion as a remedy or the difference botweeii the people of he two sections. I did 84 in language fhieh I cannot impugn, and whiah, thereore,'I beg leave to repeat: " One lection of our country bclievosslavery is right, jnd ought to be extended : vhile the other believes it is wrong, and right not to be extended. This is the only mbstantial dispute. 'l'ho fugitive slave :lausc of the Constitution, and the; law for he suppression of the foreign slave trade, ire each as well enforced, perhaps, as any aws can be in a community where the •■oral sense of the people imperfectly snpDorts the law itself. The great body of lie people abide by the dry legal obligation n both cases, and a few break over in cach. 1'his I think cannot bo perfectly cured, and t would be worse in both cases after the cparatlon of the sections than before.— The foreign slave trade, now imperfectly iipprcssed, would be ultimately revived vithout restriction in one section, while 'ugitive slavos, now only partially surrcnlered, would not be surrendered at all by he other. Physically speaking, we canuot «parate. We can not removo our respective notions from cach other, nor build impagable walls between them. A husband and rife may be divorced and go out of the ircsenco and beyond the reach of each ither, but the different parts of our counry cannot do this. They cannot but renain face to face, and intercourse, either .micablc or hostile, must continue between hem. It is possible, then, to make that ntercourse more advantageous or more sat- . sfactory after separation than before ?— .'an aliens make treaties easier than friends 1 ,an make laws ? Can treaties be more i uitlifully enforced between aliens than laws •an among friends t Suppose you go to ' far. You oonnot fight always : and when, ' Iter much loss on both sides, and no gain ' Mi either, you cease fighting, the identical , jld question as to term* of intercourse are igain upon you." i There is no lino straight or crooked, suitable for a national boundary, upon I which to divide. Trace through from east 1 n west upon the line between the free and ' i— ' * ?•'- Sail find a little ] manent past, not from the land wc inhabit,noi. from our national homestead. There is no pos-1 sible severing of this but would multiply and i and not mitigate evils among lis. In all its adaptation and aptitudes it demands I Union and abhors —in tact it would, , ere long, force re-union, however much of blood and trt-asure the i;eper«tion mijht have cost. Our strife pertains to ourselves—to the passing generation or men—awl 11. can, .. itiiuui u»r vulxion, be cruslved foiever with the passing of one generation. In this view T recommend tho the adoption of the following resolutions and articles amendatory to the Constitution of Lho United States: Resolved, By the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, that tho following article bo proposed to the Legislatures or conventions of tho several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the United Stalos, all or any, of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of the tiaid Legislatures or conventions, to be votod r.s part or pnrts of said Constitution, viz : Article —. Kvery State wherein slavery now exists which shall abolish the same therein at any lime or times before the lstduy of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred, shall receive compensation from the United Statss as follows, to wit: The President of the United States shall deliver to such State bonds of the United States, bearing interest nt the rate —$ for each slave shown to have been therein by the eighth census of the United States, said bonds to be delivered to such State by instalments or in one parcel, at tho completion of the abolishment, accordingly as tho same shall liavo been gradual, or ut one time, within such State, and interest shall begin to run upon any such bonds only from tho proper time of its delivery as aforesaid. Any Stute having received bonds as aforesaid, anil afterwards reintroducing or tolerating slavery therein, shall refund to the Unitod Stales the bonds so received, or the value thereof, and all intersts paid thereon. Article —. All slaves who shall have enjoy ed actual freedom by tho chances of the war I at any time before the end of the rebellion, shol be forever free, but all owners of such who shall not have been disloyal, shall bo compeD sated for them at the same rate as is provide; for States adopting the abolishment of slavery but in such a way that no slave shall la twice accounted for. Article —. Congress may appropriate money and otherwise provide for colonising free col orcd persons, with t'noir own consent, at an} place or places without the United States. I beg indulgence to discuss these propose* articles at some length. Without slavery tin rebellion would never have existed; withou slavery it could not continue. Among the friends of tho Union there ii great diversity ot sentiment and of policy ir regard to slavery and the African race amongs us. Some would perpetuate slavery, soin would abolish it suddenly, and without con IJ .k-IM ** $5,939,009 29 1,839,710 35 KxpenseH under the Interior De- ll,129,771 50 partition t, Under the War Department, Under the Navy Department, For interest on public debt. For payment of the public debt, including the reimbursement of the temporary loan and redemptions, 90,00 ',922 09 8,108,(89 52 894,308,407 30 42,1174,509 (i'.l 13,190,324 45 We have 2,963,000 square mile*. Europo has 3,800,000, with a population averaging 73i persona to the square miles. "Why may not our country at some time average as many '( Is it less fertile ? Has it more waste surface by mountains, rivers, lakes, deserts, or other causes ? Is it inferior to Europe in any natural advantage Y If then we are at some time to be as prosperous as Jbiurope, how soon't As to when this may be we may judge by the past and the present. As to when it will be, if ever, depends inuoh on whether we maintain the Union. Making mi aggregate, of $579,841,700 20 Ami leaving a balance in the treasury on the 1st day of July, 1802, of * 111,043,540 81. It should tic observed that the suui of $8G,0!)G,022 00 expended for the reimbursement and redemption of the public debt, being included also in the loans made, may be properly deducted both from the receipts ami expenditures, leaving the actual receipts for the year, 8487,788,324 07 and the expenditures, 8474,744,788 10. Other information on the subject of the finances will be found in the Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, to whose statements and views I invite your most cordial and considerate attention. The reports of the Secretaries of War and of the Navy are herewith transmitted. These reports, though lengthy, are scarcely more than brief abstracts of the very numerous and extensive transactions and op- Several of our States are above the average of Europe—73 j to the square mile, Massuch'isetts has 157; Kb ode Island 183; Connecticut 90. New York and New Jersey each 80. Also the two other great States of Pennsylvania and Ohio are not far below; the former having 63 and tho latter 59. The States already above the European average, except New York, have increased in as rapid a ratio since passing that point as ever before, while no one of them is »rry «n trade under tr"-'* stipu aliens, is that end cannot be adopted orations conducted through these departteoMsarilj fruitful of coW,»,uto ol lh« ,™e n'f»«*h'ch 8U^e8!* *f" ",ost JnU ° fc 1 • . .. -\. i i litijy to bo effective is a scientific exploru- Al» -ii B®"""al r,Kbf tion of the mineral re-ions in those terri- Nor could I give a summary of tliem A such wdltsions tend to excite tories, with a view to the publication of its here upon any principle which would adprehenswus, and possibly to produce - . D d . . J 0l)untrio8_a luit Gf lt being much shorter than the re- I , tlT T , -.It which cannot fail t.Ac auspicious. I ports themselves. L therefore content my- C i;.«»-••»- r •'» »'r «_• jit. .. Lit i j r*i. diligent cotisidiMiition. 1 lie . "iiu aDkiniz your attcution to tticm. kinds, 1 have, as far as possible, heard and your m»D ' luh.iuuuCiuu. i«c| »; , . , .. . - « * i -, -i res incident to the military i It "iives uie pleasure to report u dccided redressed complaints which have boon vunt exiKimia"unuaij i . i i • i_ Ci • ii i | ».'His rcciuired for the sun- improvement in the linaneial condition oi presented by friendly powers. and naval opera1' ,,J; ,4UIIU" 11,1 BU|» i nfl. r. . . * mi *,i u i i U1 , fLj , ei'Oliion, have hitherto tost Oftice Department. There is still, however, a larue and aug- ot the i uw,u:"", , i » , . A- i iik » » r«.i. vitudo and certainty As compared with several preceding naenting number of doubtiul cases iu which been met with a pro , J j t,le !n,oei tf) f„r „1(; fisca, Poar 186f the government is unable to agree with he , uuusual in «* 1,lailltltill,d. amounted to 88,840,296 40, which emft"U " P""««U0..w demanded . public has »m, I. ilD ,,0vktDvcrD braced .he revenue from all the States of ■bythe tiaimant*. oen, . disbursement' umde Hhn Union for three quarters of that year. 1 here are, moreover, many cases in' the J itl j Notwithstanding the cessation of revenue which the United States, or their cit.uo* , by t.hi' . j from the so called seceded States during suffer wrongs from the naval or military he held, demand jour ' , ,.ho last fiscal year, the increase of the corauthorities ot iure.gn nations, which the i the best modes oi prov'Ji - hl ntccamry ()ndencj J- th(J , , StatC8 haa becn government of these .States are not at once revenue w.thout ju j to " d efficient to produce a revenue during the prepared to redress. I have proposed to with the least possible burdens upon labor. | of 88-'00 8'D0 00 ludn.r onlv LL .r ,h, ,br,ig„ Sui« u.u! if-...ed ;n»»usPc,,»,,,.. w-'.b,*; iSWfi mutual conventions to examine and adju-t oanks SO.M. ..1 Uir .hi com.Deucum.ot ii .  such complaints J his pr.,position ! "u' IvSble 1 no year. The cxdenditures show a still more been made especially to Great Britain, to United Mates uriavOiaable. no y . France, to Spain, and tol'rusBia. In cuch other way could the payment oi the troops ° . C's.Rfif. 7c,, ■ i i(v _'.i i ', -cose it has been kindly received, hut has and the satisfaction oi other just demands , D» "aN • • i j , . not yet been formally adopted. be so reconcilablc or so well provided ior. year the amount has been reduccd to J11 I deem it my duty to recommend an ap- The judicious legislation oi Congress, se- . "'""'K a t,c;^(:'aso 0 u "u propriation in behalf of the ownors of the curing the receivabilitv of these notes for *i,481,CJ00 in the eipenditurcs, as corn- Norwegian barque Admiral P. Tordins- loans and internal duties, and making P"r"^w"« g wUh' kioid, which vessel was in May, 1861, pre- them a legal tender for other debts, has ! 7o JS Couipared wlth tho hsoul rented by the Commander of the block- made them an universal currancy, aud has year^ioou. ading force off Charleston, from leaving satisfied, partially st least, and for a tunc, The deficiency in the Department for the that port with a cargo, notwithstanding a the long-felt want of a uniform circulating previous year was $4,551,966 95. For similar privilege hadT shortly before been medium, saving thereby to the, people ini- the last (isca year it was reduced to *2,112,- granted to an English vessel Ihavedi- mense sums in discounts and exchanges. 814 57. These favorable results arc in rected the Secretary of State to cause the A return to spccie payments, however, part owing to the cessation of mail service papers io the case to be communicated to at the earliest period eompatible tvith due in the insurrectionary States, and in part the proper committees. regard to all the interests concerned,should to a careful review ot all expenditures in Applications have been made to me by ever be kept i* view. Fluctuations in the that Department m the interest of economany free Americans of African descent value of curreucy are always injurious, and my. 1 lie efficiency of the postal service, to favor their emigration, with a view to to reduce these fluctuations to the lowest it is believed, has also been much liuprovsuch colonization as was contemplated in possible point will always be a leading pur- ed. recent acts of Congress. Other parties at pose in wiso legislation. Convertibility, iho 1 ostmastcr General has also opened home and abroad—some from iutcrested prompt and certain convertibility into a correspondence, through the Department motives, others upou patriotic considera- coin, is generally acknowledged to be the ol Stato, with foreign governments, protions, and still others influenced by philan- btst aud surest safeguard against them, posiug a convention of postal rcprescntathropic sentiments—have suggested simi- and it is extremely doubtful whether a tives for the purpose oi simplifying the lar measures; while on the other hand, circulation of United States notes, payable rates of foreign postage and to expedite several of the Spanish American republics in coin and sufficiently large for the wants tho foreign mails. have protested ugainst the sending of such of the people, can be permanently, useful- This proposition, equally important to colonics to their resptotive territories. ly and safely maintained. Is there, then; our adopted citizens and to the commercial Under these circumstances, I have de- any other mode in which the necessary interests of this country, has been favoroliucd to move any euch colony to auy jitoviaigu for the public wauUcanbe ably entertained and agreed to bjr til the Indian A(t::irrt vfi ,uruis.. l etn.... .aDe country, and wo shall id a uuio penRition; souje would abolish it gradually I huIilu11 lor your espticial consideration more than one-third of its length are riv- and with compensation j some would remov whithor our Indino system shall not be re- ' era easy to be crossed, and foon to be popu- the freed people from us, and some would re modelled. Many wish and good men have lated thickly upon both sides, while nearly tain thcrh with us; and there are yet othci impressed ino with the belief that this can all its remaining length are merely survey- minor diversities. Because of these diversities be profitably done ors' Hues, over which people may walk back we wtt8to «Duch strength in struggles anion;; I submit a statement of the proceedings and forth without any consciousness of their 'orselvss. X ™llco™™. wo sl?ould , ' : i-ii v „ : ... ,. , harmonize and act together. This would be of the Commissijners, which shows the presence. No part of this line can be C0m.(r0mit!C but it 6wouW be C0mpr0milJC progress hat has l-een made in the enter- made any more difficult to pass by writing among the friends and not with the enemies of prise of the Pacific Railroad ; it down on paper or parchment as a nation- the Union. These articles arc intended to emand this Siggcsts the earliest completion of al boundary. body a plan of such mutual concessions. If this road,iiBd also the favorable action of The fact of separation, if it comes, gives the plan shall be adopted it is assumed that Congress tpnri the projects now pending up, on the part of the seceding section, the emancipation would follow, at least in several before thek for enlarging the capaeitics of fugitive slave clause, along with all other of ,'e,yVite8« ► 1 »» • • . the great cLl, in New York and Illinois, constitutional obligations upon sections se- fl t°e seemly Mhe length as being t* vital and rapidly increasing ceded from, while I should expect no troaty 0f lilue for conaummiUiijg jt-thirty-seven importance lo the whole nation, and especi- stipulation would ever be made to take its years; and thirdly, the compensation. ally to the \iist interior region hereafter to place. But there is another difficulty.— 'J'he emancipation will be unsatisfactory be noticed ai somo greater length. I pro- The great interior region bounded cast by to the advocates of perpetual slavery, but pose having prepared and laid before you, the Allcghcnies, north by the British do- the length of time should greatly mitiat an early dfy, some interesting and valu- minions, west by the Rocky Mountains, and gate their dissatisfaction. The time spares able information upon this sub- south by the line along which the culture both races from the evils of sudden deject. of corn and cotton meets, and which in- rangement j in fact, from the necessity of The milifarj and commercial importance eludes part of Virginia, and part of Ten- any derangement, while most of those of enlarging |he Illinois and Jlichigan nessce, ull of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, whose liberal course of thought will be discanal, and wicening the Illinois river, is Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, turbed by tho measure will have passed presented in tlfc report of Col. Webster to Kansas, Iowa, Minnesota, and the territor- away before its consummation. They will the Secretary oi War, and now transmitted ies of Ihtootah, Nebraska, and part of Colo- never see it. to Cougrcss. Ercspectfully usk aticntion rado, already has about ten millions of peo- Another class will hail the prospect of to it. , pie, and will have fifty millions within fifty emancipation, but will depreciate the length To carry out he provisions of tho act of )'carsD ■' no' prevented by any political fol- 0f time. They will feel that it gives too Congress of thejl 5th of May last, I have 'y.01" It contains more thaji one little to the now living slaves. But it caused the Depigment of Agriculture of third ®* u country owned by the United rCully gives them much. It saves them the United State) to be organized. The certainly more than ono million of froul the vagrant destitution which must commissioner iniriiis ine that within the square miles. One half as populous as iargely attend immediate emancipation in period of a fewD,months this department Massachusetts already is, it would have localities where their numbers arc very lias established aitextensive system of cor- mor® than seventy-five millions of people, great, and it gives the inspiring assurance respondeuce and iehungos both at home A glance at the map shows that, tcrritori- that their posterity shall be free forever, and abroad, whiuhtironiises to effect highly ally speaking, it is the groat body of the The plan leaves it to each State chosing beneficial results h the development of republic. I he other parts are but margi- t0 avDt uuder it to abolish slavery now or at correct kuowlcdac tf recent improvements na' . borders to this magnificent region the end of the century, or at any intermein agriculture in thD introduction of new s'°P"'o west from the Rocky mountain to diatc time or by degrees, e*t«nding over products, and in tbqagricultural statistics 'I10 being the deepest, as also the the whole or any part of the period, and it of different States. Also, that it will soon richest, in undeveloped resources. obliges no two States to proceed alike It be prepared to distibuto largely seeds, ? productions of provisional graiu, gras- a[80 provjjes for compensation nnd general"vmrfHn-ri"® ready publisheduud ljDerally diffused much 5,ost i[np0rtant in the world. Ascertain from ThlsD ll would seem, must further mitivaluable informationjiu anticipation of a j the statistics the small proportion of the region gate the dissatisfaction of those who favor more elaborate reporti which will in due | which has yet been brought into cultivation, perpetual slavery, and especially of thoso time be furnished, cmVacingsomo valuable . and also the large and rapidly increasing amount who are to reccive the compensation.— tests in chemical scieric, now in progress °{ '*4 products, and we shall bo overwhelmed Doubtless some of thoso who arc topiy and in the labratory. wit'1 , 0 f of ,ho prospect presented. hot t0 reccive wi|l object, yet the measure The creation of was for " utfcl 's both just and coomical. In a certain the more immediate betefit of a large class )tB 1D00pi,. now find and may forever find their ie,lse 'he liberation of slaves is the destrueof our most valuable itiiens, and I trUst Europe by New Vorit, to South Arner- ti°n of property—property acquired by that the liberal basis upo| which it has been iea and Africa by New Orleans, and to Asia by descent or the same as any equal to some other parts of our country in natural capacity for sustaining a dense population. Taking the ratio in the aggregate, and we find the population and ratio of increase for the several deccnuial periods to be as follows ; 1 TOO—872,827. 1800— 6,805,937—35.02 per cent of increaM. 1810— 7,289,814—86.45 per ct ratio of " 1820— 9,08!),131— 88.31 " " " 1830—12,806,020—38.49 " " 1H40—17,1)69,458—82.67 " " 1850—28,131,876—?6.87 " " 1860—31,448,790—35.58 This shows an average decennial increase of 34.60 per cent in population through tho seventy years from our first to our last census yet taken, It is seen that the ratio of increase at no ono of the seven periods is either 2 per ct. below or 2 per ot. above the average, thw showing how inflexible, and consequently how reliable the law of increaso in oar case is. Assuming that it will continue, it gives the following results: 1870, 42,393,341, 1880, 56,967,216; 1890, 76,677.892 j 1900, 103,208,415 : 1910, 138,918,526; 1920, 186,964,835 : 1930, 261,630,914. These figures show that oar country may be as populous as Europe. Now at some point between 1920 and 1930, say about 1925, our territory at 73i persons to the square mile being of the capacity to contain 217,186,000, we will reach this, if we. do not ouselves relinquish the chances by the folly and evils of disunion, or by long and exhausting wars springing from the only great element of national discord among us. While it cannot bo foreseen exactly how much one huge example of secession, breeding lesscf ohes, indefinitely would retard population, amalgamation and prosperity, no one can donbt that the extent of it would be very great and injurious. The proposed emancipation would shorten tho war, perpetuate peace, insure the inorcaso of population and proportionately the wealth of the oountry. With iheae we shoald pay all tho emancipation would cost, together with our other debt, easier than we should pay our other debt withoi)fj it. If wo had ullowed oar national «»-». at **.]r oenc. per anauigi