State's Advocate

              /
THE STATE'S ADVOCAT
LET OUR PUBLIC MEN " BE JUDGED BY THEIR MEASURES.**—CraTt/orrf.
miimi*itfl(t^
Vol. II. MILTON, NORTHUMBKRLANn COUKTY, (PA.) THURSDAY MORNING, JULY i9, 18S77
No. sa.
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ron   THK   STATIi S   ADVOCATE.
ESSAY XV.
That Jesus Christ is God, proved, by the fact that he is the actual Governor of the ivhole creation.
To form an argumeut for the glory of our Redeemer, from bis work of govern ia-; tbe world, two pointti must he taken iiud supported. It must be proved that universal government belongs properly and exeluBively to the true Qod : and, eeeondly, that tbe scriptures do ascribe ihis to Christ.
As to the first, it really appears to rae self evident. My understanding cannbl comprehend—my imagination cannot conceive Ihe idea of a creature being the nosolule, actual governor of the whole creation. How any creature, especially « a fallible man'—' uaturaily as peccable as Moses or any other man,' could sway   he sceptre of universal dominion : how be could arrange in order, and direct ail tile movements of this little ball which we inhabit, preside over every atom it contains, direct the whole in its diurnal, and annual revolutions: how he should juake the bame power of his rule, be fell in vonder sun, the centre of our system, and in all the planetary world, in all their minuteaetis, and in all the immensi¬ ty of their multitude, that revolve around il; how he should extend the energy of his power over every heart of God's boundless creation, and command into a Jike submission the numberlesii suns of other systems—systems, numbered only in the register of omniscience, and secure UHqualitied obedience from every atom in the in^erveuable f auge uf being com passed by creating power; and, this is (0 me inconceivable. And if my imagi¬ native powers cannot grasp the idea ofa mere fallible mau governing the universe of created being, how shall i understand (he operations of man's powers over the whole myriads of mortal and immortal men—over the dark but mighty legions of fallen spirits, and over the bright ar¬ ray of seraphic intelligences that burn in the palace of the Great King' ' Reader, can you conceive it? Can you understand it? Can you believe it? No : this is not the doius of a creature.
immediate authority and command of Jesus Christ our Lord, and Saviour. He therefdre is * Emanuel, God with us j' or as Isaiah calls him, ' the mighty God.'
For your being, reader, as we sew in the last Essay, you are indebted to the creating power in the bauds of Christ To Ibe same hand are yon indebted foi its eootiouance, and all the means of its cootinuaace. It ia Jesus tbat < gives you life and truth.' It is the King in Ziun that * rules in Jaeob to tbe ends of the earth.' The hand that was nailed on the croaj to take away your sin, sways the sceptre of universal empire. And to the agony of the cross he botived his humanity, that, * having made peace through his blood,' be might * present you holy, and unblameable, and unre- proveable in his sight.' Therefore ' though you were sometime alienated, and enemies in your mind by wicked works,' yet now ' set your affections on things above~«put off the old man with his deeds, and put on the nevv man, which is renewed in knowledge after the image of bim that created'—so shall you • bf holy, and without blame before him in love.' THEOPHILUS.
From JViles' Register. RAIL ROAD. Report of the committee appointed by the Baltimore and Ohio rail road COMPANY, to examine Ihe Mauch Chunk and Quincy rail roads. The committee appointed to visit and examine the rail roads at Mauch Chunk, and at Quincy, and to collect sueh addi¬ tional information as they might be ena¬ bled to obtain, by consulting scientific and experienced individuals, who havtr- had an cpportuiMty of inspecting this des¬ cription of roads in Europe, report, that they have, as far as has been practicable, performed the duty assigned them.
The committee in the first instance proceeded to Mauch Chunk, and examin¬ ed tbe road lately constructed at that place, the length of which is ft miles. It extends the whole distance along the side of a mountain, down an inclined plane tif various declivities according to the situation of the ground over whieh it passe«.
The  elevation of the   coal   mine   at Mauch Chunk, above the Lehigh river. at the point where the coal is delivered into boats is 036 feet.    From this mine the road, as it  approaches towards the river, rises within the distance of about half a mile 48 feet, when it reaches the extreme point  of its elevation which is 983 feet, when  it reaches   the  water : the distance from this place ta the river, is about eight  and a  half miles ;   the road then constantly descends, by an ir¬ regular declivity as follows, to wit: At 8 miles from tbe ri ver its elevation is 934i feet 84* 735 633 038 439 ¦      339
Atr
At 6 At 5 At 4 At 3 At 2
lOV
¦}
descent
99
This work docs not measure the capaci ty of created existence.    These stupen¬ dous operations  bespeak  the jiresence, and power of the everlasting God.
But why appeal to reasou on the ina
bilities of human conception,  when the
unerring words speak so unequivocal a
language ?   Let me present a few scrip
(ure  proofs.     1 Chron. xxix 11—thine
is  the kingdom, O Lord—Psal, xlvii TJon which is constructed an inclined plane engineers, col
rail on tbe outer curve^ a little higher than the rail on the inner enrve which gives a ready direction to the wagons in their passage, without any other result tban lessening their velocity, whreh is retarded at these points, by the increas¬ ed lateral friction of Ihe wh?«ls. -The wagons here lised, weigh from 1200 to 1500 lbs. f^chf and are kept on the rails by flange wheels. Their coastruction is precisely similar to those represented in the books of Strickland, Wood aiid Tred- gold.
The committee after a careful exami nation of this work, do not hesitate to state to the board, that it is on so simple a plan, that mechanics of ordinary akiil would be fully competent ^ the cb.nstruc- tion of one similar, and iti every ri^pect equal to it; at tbe same iime it appears to be extremely well adapted to tbe ob ject for which it was iitended. The loaded wagons each carry 1 i'2 tons of coal, and descend in brigades of 6, s, or 10, connected together by iron chains, eaeh brigade being atterideil by two men. These wagons de.icend fr»in the summit level to the top ofthe inclined plane af the river, a distance of eigiit miles in 30 niiHUtes, exclusive of a few tninutes con¬ sumed in greasing the wheels on Ihe route.
On arriving at the inclined plane, the loaded wagons are let down, one at a time by a rope, worked upoa/a horizon¬ tal shaft, whieh is regulated, by a power¬ ful break, and each loaded wagon as it descends draws up an empty one. Iii this manaer, they pass a loaded wagon down, and an empty one up the inclined plane, each travelling a distance of7oo yards in 45 seconds, which is at the rate of 33 miles an hour, and the operation seems to be perrorm,ed with great ease and safety.
The empty wagons are returned to (he coal mine by horses, each horse drawino- from 3 to 4 of them up in 3 hours, that is, at the rate of 3 miles an hour; and eaeh wagon weighing from 1:.'00 to 1500. The average acclivity of the roud includ¬ ing the whole distance, from tbe top of the inclined plane, being about one de¬ gree.
The committee vtrere taken up tbe road by one horse, drawing an empty wagon, and two ears conveying 14 persons, the whole weighing about two and a half tons, at the rate of four miles an hour, and they descended in tbe same ears, with tbe same persons in 44 minutes, (exclUsr/e of the time Lost by detention from meeting wassns returning to the mine). Part of this time, the cars for short distances, ran by tbeir own gravi¬ ty, at the rate of more than 20 miles an hour, and they ran one entire mile in minutes and 15 seconds, which is at the rate of eighteen miles an hour.~on other parts of this road, where there are sbar| turns, or but little descent, the speed uf the cars was reduced to the rate of 4, or
100 j even to 3 miles an hour.
1021 The committee after leaving Mauch 05 Chunk proceeded to Boston, and in the 99'course of the route, had an opportunity
lioiof consoltinar with several
39
^ with several  eminent and
There is at the bank of the river, anidistinguisbed engineers,   among   whom
abrupt termination of the mountain, up-1 were col. Totten, of the U.  S. corps of
Baldwin, U. S. civil en- a—God is"the King of all the earth—j700 yards long, with a declivity of 225'5iReer, C. White, Esq. of Con. aod P. xcix   1   The Lord reij>;neth—xcv   3   4 feet, below which there is still a furtherjHening,   Esq. of New York, who bas
For t:;e Lord is a great God, and a great Kiog above all Gods. In his hand are the deep places ofthe earth &c. cxxxv 6 Whatsoever the Lord pleased that did he, iu heaven, and in earth, and in the seas, and alUicf^p places. Dan. iv 32— Thij Most High ruleih in the kingdom i»f men—i 37—his kingdom is an ever¬ lasting kingdom, aud all dominions shall serve and obey l>.im—Rev. xix 6—AUe luia: for tbe Lord God omnipotent reignctb.' It is a truth whieh none but the atheist will deny, that the sceptre of universal dominion is God's own exelu- eive property: his almighty hand alone can sway it.
Let me now ask whether the scrip¬ tures pul il into the hand of our gr cious Isaviour. This Isaiah affirms ix 6 * Unto us a child is "born, unto us a Son is given; and the grtvernment shall be upon his shoulder—^—of the increase ol bis government and race there shall be no end.'—-Math, xxviii 18 ' And Jesus eame, and spake uuto them, saying, All portcr is given unto me in heaven, and in earth.' Jno. xiii 3 ' Jesus knowing that the Father had given all things into his hanils, &c. Eph. i 3 & 23 Christ is * Far above all principality, and power.,, and might, and dominion, and every name that is sacred, <§'c. See Ph'.l. ij 10 ll.~Col. i 10 17—ileh. ii 7 0, 1 Peter iii 22.—' Angels, and authori-^ ties, and powers being made sii\)jeet unto him.' Rev. v 13 'Andev^ry crositture which is in heaven, und ou the eav'ji, ana such as are in tbe sea, ar,d all (hat are in them, heard I sayir.r, Bivjssing, and honour, and glory, -^ud po'^-er, be uulo Iiim that sittetb upon t';,e throne, aud jinto tlie L'lni*-^ forever and ever.'
The&e '''^riptures, i^eed   no comment
Vliey ar-^ uneq"i,vocal.    Language cannot
r^'^'viilyex-vress the idea 1 would enforce,
in more explicit and forceful terms. Thi
-vivt»39 of created  being 19  nnder the
descent of 25 feet down a chute, through j lately returned  from Europe, where he which the coal is conveyed into boats on had t)een employed by a company in Al
the water, the actual descent, from the
fioint of the road, at two miles distance rom the river to its termination of this inclined plane, is therefore, io a distance of about 1 5-d miles, 409 feet.
The whole of the Mauch Chunk rail road extending a distance of 9 miles, and including the inclined plane of 700 yards, was constructed in two mouths and three days from the time of its com¬ mencement, and was within Ihat period, so far completed, that wagons have since regularly passed upon it—there are however, a few labourers still employed iu finishiog some parts of the work not yet entirely completed. The cost, in¬ cluding the 700 yards of inclined plane, is stated to be between S3,30U and g3,000 per mile.
rhe road is principally laid  on the track   herelofo'.e used   by   the  Mauch Chunk comp/any, for the transportation of coal, on   wagons of the common con¬ struct im.     The sleepers, which are ol wood, Hre laid four feet apart, upon  a stP:i4 foundation—the  rails,  which are 'ilso of wood, are then placed upon these sleepers,   and are fastened to  them liy wooden keys; they are afterwards plated nn the inner edges, with rolled iron bars, from  2-8 lo   3-8 of an inch thick, and frora 1 1-4 to l 3-4 inches wide, and the between them   is filled  up   with
space
earth or gravel, so high as to cover the sleepers aud tu form a horse path, which completes the whole labour.
There are various crossing places along the course of the road, und seve ral turns out, both of which are easily effected, at ft very small expense. There are aUo many considerable curvatures in the road, along the side ofthe maunt»VH: to suit the localities of the groun'^,, and these sinuosities are effected with the i^-reatcsl facility, by simply elevjating the
baiiy, for the purpose of collecting infor¬ mation relative to the construction of rail roads, and the appiieation uf moving power upon them. The last named gen¬ tleman accompanied the committee in their visit to Mauch Chunk.
The ctjmmittee were also accompanied on the'.r visit to the Quincy rail road, liy col. Baldwin, and by I. Davis esq. of Rnston, the latter gentleman being one of (he proprietors of this work, and from them received every attention and infor¬ mation necessary.
The Quincy rail roadp ineluding all expences except the amount paid for land, cost 811,250 per mile—it was con- structed exclusively for the purpose of conveying stone from a quarry to navi¬ gable water ; itis three miles long, and consists of a single way wiih two tracks, five feet apart in the clear ; the rails are of pine timlier six inches wide, and twelve inches deep, these rails, except where the road passes over a swamp up¬ on wooden piles, are laid upon stone sleepers 8 feet long and about twelve inches square, placed 8 feet apart; the sleepers rest upon a stone foundation 3 feet deep, which I'ffectually secures them from the operation of frosU On the top ofthe wooden rails th^ire is nailed oak scantling, 2 inches thick; and 4 inches wide, ori which is fastened a bar of rolled iron 5 46 ofan inch thick, and from (wo and a half to two and three fourths of an inch wide.
The road at the quarry is 88 feet above the water at tbe place of its termi¬ nation. Tha deepest cut i« 34 feet, and the entire road is nearly straight, except It two plaees where there are considera¬ ble bends in ir. The j-reaiest descent is two and a half inches to the rod, M'hich is equal to about 66 feet ina mile, ami at this  plaee a strong break is necessary,
to keep  the wagons from runuing upon the horses. ¦
Two horses draw down the road, forty tons, including the weight of the wag¬ ons, at the rate of 4 1-2 miles au hour, and take up the empty wagons, weighing about six tons. These wagons cost 8400 each, and have wheels 6 t-3 feet in dia- ame(er, with 1 inch flanges, the wheel turning uponthe axle, whereas at .Mauch Chunk the vyheels are two feet diameter, with flanges of 1 inch, and are turned with the axle.
There are several deep ravines crossed by this road, which are passed on wooden frames at much less expense than it would have cost to fill them with earth. The iron rails for this road were fi¬ nished, completely drilled and fitted, rea dy for laying down, at 6 1-2 cents per Ib. and the pine rails were delivered to the company, at their w harf, for 13 cents the cubic foot. The work appears to be ex eeuted in a faithful inanner, and has been found to answer the fullest expecta¬ tions of the proprietors, having redueed the expense of transportation to about one-sixth of its former cost.
The committee after a careful exami¬ nation, as here stated, of the railways, both at Mauch Chunk and Quincy, and after the conferences they have had an opportunity of holding with the proprie¬ tors of these establishments, and with a number of scientific gentlemen, whose opinions are entitled to great respect, feel entirely satisfied t|iat there will be nodifiiculty in constructing the proposed railway from the eity of Baltimore to the Ohio river, nor have they the smallest loubf, but that there is ample skill in our country for the execution of this part of the work ; the committee are also further satisfied that the necessary ma¬ terials for its construction can be easily and conveniently obtained.
Whilst, however, the committee feel nn hesitation in thus confidently giving their opinion upon the praetieability of constructing the road, they also feel it tn be incumbent upon them to state their conviction to the board, that from the varied and undulating surface of the country, over which a considerable por¬ tion of (he road roust necessarily pass, great labour and the exercise of a sound and discriminating judgement will be re¬ quired, in order lu fix upon the proper location ofthe route ; and the commit¬ tee also believe tbat mnch experience and science will be required to decide upon the most advantageous moving power to be employed upon it. The opinions, therefore, of able and compe¬ tent engineers, of suffieient experience upon these two, vitally important points, is indispensably necessary, before the company ean safely venture to determine on the grade and final location ofthe road ; and after an extensive enquiry, and considerable communication with several gentlemen, nf highly respectable character, for intelligence and scientific attainments, the committee are of the opinion, that a suitable deputation should proceed to Europe, for the purpose of viewing tbe different rail roads now con¬ structing, or in operation there, and of onsulting with experienced and practi¬ cable men, in order that we may become distinctly informed of all the modern im¬ provements, in the application of moving power upon them, this being the only point of any ditticulty, or upon which there is the least hazard uf our falling into any important mistakes.
In order to facilitate the inquiries of the proposed deputation, the committee leem it to be necessary that they be put in possession of a recunnoissance of the r^everal practical routes, all of which siiould be deliberately examined, and their respective advantages and disad¬ vantages be duly weighed and consider¬ ed, before a safe conclusion can be adopt¬ ed relative to the amount or kind of pow¬ er to be employed upon tbem, the fact being simply this, that the power to be used, must either be adapted to the profile of the road, or the road must be graded to suit the power to be employed ; and in or der that the deputation may be prepared to proceed as early as possible, the com¬ mittee recommend that all practicable diligence be used (o obtain these recon noissances with as litde delay as circum stances will admit of.
All whieh is respectfully submitted. PHILIP E. THOMAS, ALEXANDER BROWN, THOMAS ELLICOTT. Baltimore, June 12, 1837.
From JS''iles* Register. DLYJVER TO MR. BARBOUR.
The United States of ,amcnea—By the arts of peace they havp conquered a larger empire than was ever won by the sword.
The president—heads of depart* ments, the army and navy being noti¬ ced—the sth toast was given in these terms:
5. Our distinguished guest governor Barbour, secretary of war—His faithful public .services entitle him to the grati¬ tude and confidence of ths American people.
After the above toast  was drank» Mr. Barbour arose, and delivered the following address. Fellow citizens,
1 rise to thank you. Your most kiml reception, and the favorable sentimt>nt with which my name has been connect¬ ed, and so flatteringly received by tbe company, penetrate me with the pro- foundest gratitude. After thirty years public service, during whicii it was my lot to occupy stations of great responsi¬ bility, the approbation of my country¬ men is the highest reward—that whieh has been just expressed, by the highly respectable inhabitants of Annapolis, I shall treasure up among my raost gra¬ tifying reeollectiona And, altbougli in the colouring given to those services, I trace the hand of partiality and kind¬ ness, I will do myself the justice to say, that I at least endeavoured to justify the confidence with whieh I was honofr ed, by promoting the best interests of my country.
My present situation, and on an oc¬ casion like this, a reference to the par¬ ty politics of the day would be out of place—yet I cannot forbear to say, that all I ask f(;r myself, and the distin¬ guished citizens with whom I am asso- aiated, is that reasonable share of con¬ fidence to which we are entitled for our past conduct, through lives now nearly spent, and for the pledges of Bdelity which we offer by our share in those great interests involved in the faithful abministration of the public affairs, t thank God that I have not the faculty to conceive of any indemnity whicii earthly honours, or earthly wealth, can offer, for an act of treachery to be com¬ mitted by a man who has grown grey in the service of his country—the place of his nativity, and from which he has received nothing but kindness and hon¬ ours—suspicions of such a crime, with¬ out proof, can originate only In the dark recesses of wicked and malignant hearts, in which are found the baise ori- ginals ofthe characters given to others.
The ingenuous and tbe just are called upon to drive, by their scorn, these cal¬ umnies back on their own malignant authors. The character of publie func- tuaries is national, and so long as they fulfil their duties, should be under ths nation's protection. How deeply is it to be regretted, that but too many ol onr public journals have beeome mer« vehicles of unfounded slander—what a picture do they present to the world of the character of those men tb whom th» people of America have committed tho management of their affairs. It is in the reprobation ofthe good and the wise that a remedy to this great mischief is to be found.
The press, in the faithful discharge of its high calling, may be likened to the suU) marching through his wide do¬ main, giving light and life to all around him, and rejoicing in the fair creation he has made—but the press, when pros¬ tituted to the vile purposes of misrepre¬ sentation and slander, may still indeed be likened to the sun—but it is a sun which has turned into blood—a fearful omen—like that which is to precede tho final catastrophe of all human things.
But I pass on from this loathsome subject, to better and to brighter scenes —our present happiness, our future greatness and glory. The American in casting his eye over the map of the world, sees his own beloved country «• standing like Goshen, in the land of Egypt, exempt froa surrounding ca¬ lamities ;" while with the deepest sym¬ pathy and regret, he sees prevailing elsewhere, famine or intestine confu¬ sion, or r^ more to bo deprecated evil, the deathlike repose of despotism, here
Mr Barbour, secretary of war, late- ;'l ^^''^ this country in the full fruition ly paid a visit to his friend gov. Ko-jit,!^^ ^verv blessing consistent with man s •^ ' .... -.t       iL— ..     condition.     Plenty in our dwelliegs—
at Annapolis, the venerable and hop,pit,.A ble seat ofthe government of M-ary^and; and on this occasion, many of '(he citi¬ zens, through their mayov, -^en. Har- wood, invited the sect'^jtary, and gov¬ ernor, and other rep'pec,'<eti strangers to a public dinner, v/nje'^, \^q partook of on the 5th inst, ^at ',f illiamson's hotel. After tho Vemov^j of the cloth, many excellent toai^ts were drank, among thca» Vfnj foiluwin^
peace through all our borders—the law and the constitution sovereign over all —the government felt only in its be. neficence-wcducation encouragcd-^in-» ternal improyements every where pro¬ gressing with an astonishing rapidity^ creating new bonds of union, by con¬ quering physical barriers of separation Ithe bu.nin mind disenthralled from ancient   predjadices,    is   progressinf