State's Advocate

              THE STATE'S ADVOCAT
Vol. III.
XET OUR PUBLIC MEN ** BE JUDGED BY THEli( MEASURES."-—Craw/brd.
MILTON, NQRTHCTIBERLAND TOUNT^ffAQ^ MORNING, MATsT
1828.
No. IS.
7R1VTED  AND PUBLISHED BY
iV TWEED ^ E. H. KLYCAID,
ri'jtvhomall letters on business relative to
' fl;^'office, and communications for the
'^aper, niust be addressed, post paid.
TERMS.—Two dollars per annum, naviible half vearly in advance, exelusiy<? ^f postage. No pap^i- discontinued until arroaraa;es are paid, except at the option ;jf (be Editors.
FOR   PRESIDENT
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.
TOR VICE PRESIDENT
RICHARD RUSH.
Pennsylvania Electoral Ticket.
iJabfiel iitMsler •,,'harles Penrose lioberl Eeuoedy i)rtvid t'owuseud I Philip Reed '(ieorge Schall XVilUam Watts 1 (^"feorj^e Dennison William Wilson joho Keed I Conrad Biicher I Jeremiah Kendall Frtiijcis M'Clure Ijobn Lobinger
s Jolin Reed ^ Samuel Wetherill S Samuel Dale ^ Pierce Crosby S Jaeob Goodhart S George Raush ^ (Jeorge Weber S Dan'l Montgomery ^ James S. Mitchell S John Hershberger ^ Henry Black S Thomas McCall ^ Jacob Mechlin S J(d»n Leech
P^XTRACrS
[From <he annual Report of the Secretary ol' the Treasury, on the state of the Finances. lEstimate of ihe Public Rei^enueand Ex¬ penditure for 1828. [^Concluded.'] Should the wisdom of congress deem [an alteration in the laws, with a view to enlarge the privilege of re-exportation, lexpedient, an authority to build addition- jai ware-houses in some of the principal (seaport (owns, would be a necessary ad¬ junct to tha alteration. The local ac- r:on)aiodation for merchandize that must ro into store, under the existing laws, is jiGsufficieut. Larger and better construct Ifid edifices are required, even for the jpreseut wants of our commerce, and pvould become altogether indispensable luader au extension of the warehousing jsystem. ' A commerce   which  yields  to
'quently to seek their markets in Europe ; not in the form of re-exportationB* but in the direct voyage from China. It would also serve todimiuish the risk of the U. States untimely losing any portion of a trade so valuable, through the policy and regulations of other nations. .
The duty upon Wt«e9, is also believed to be higher than a wise commercial and national policy dictates. The experience of our own, as well as other countries, has shown, that high duties upon wines do not prove beneficial to the revenue. General experience also shows, that the consumption of wine tends to diminish the use of ardent spirits. These are in¬ ducements for keeping the duties upon wines low. They are strengthened by the consideration, that, by lowering them, we shall increase, beneficially, our trade to (he countries whence we obtain wines. Some of these countries are nnableto take our productions, unless their wines be re¬ ceived as an equivalent. They are at the same time, prepared to take them, untrammelled by positive or virtual pro¬ hibitions. It seems but just that we should take freely the productions of na¬ tions that take ours freely. But, in point of fact, the present rates of our tariff fa¬ vour most, in many and essential things, the productions ef nations that favour ours least. The rate of duty upon wines is not only, in many instances, very high, hut very unequal, as regards the different descriptions of wines, and the countries producing them. The whotO subject is thought to demand revision. Upon the superior wines of France, upon those of the Rhine, upon those, generally, ot Spain, Portugal, tbe Italian States, and, perhaps, some other countries, the du¬ ties it is believed might be advantage¬ ously brought down. The manufacture of wine in tbe United States, does not, at this juncture, comprehend any such large interest, as to interpose serious objections to the policy recommended. The opinion may also be hazarded, that in proportion as the taste for wine comes to prevail over that for ardent spirits, under the encouragement of low duties upon those imported from abroad, will a better basis belaid for the prosecution, at a future day, of this branch of industry at home. Its prosecution might gO on, hand in hand, with lower duties on foreign wines, even at the present time, a very small amount of capital being necessary to the production nfwiaes at home. A few remarks upon the state of the
the
(tiie National treasury a revenue of twen
jtv mil/ioas of dollars a year, under a ta
(lift'far more moderate, even since i824|trade between the United States and
fttian that which bas mitrked  the  career British Colonies,  since the interdiction
[>tlapy great state of aii>de(rat9 time^^ is lentitled to adtquate and liberal provisions liDr the machinery necessary for carrying lit un.    Its   local  establishments  should lliiive reference as well to the security of niie revenue, as to the reasonable accom raod&iion of the merchant, and the prompt desputrh of business.   It is probably not too much to   affirm, that  of the foreign inercbandize whieh, under  the present commercial code ofthe Union, is deposi¬ ted in ware-houses more than one half is [unduly exposed to depredation, to frauds, [and to fire from the nature and insecurity hf the present buildings.    They  are he- hides, too often situated in places remote lirom the Custom Houses, and other com Itnereial establishments and inconvenient lotherwlse  to   the  transaction  of daily Icommercial business.   Under circumstan- |ces such as these, the propriety of draw- ths attention of congress to the de-
put upon it by Great Britain, will close the more general observation of this re¬ port.
Sufficient time has scarcely elapsed to enable us to determine, with precision, the course that this trade will nltimately take, as regards the amount of supplies, the channels through whieh they will chiefly pass, and the proportions of A- msrican and British tonnage likely to be employed in their trassportation. The British interdict of July, 1820, left an interval hefore its actual operations, whieh did not commence until ihe first of December of that year. The interval it is understood, was improved in accu mulating in the British West India ports supplies of provisions and other necessa¬ ry articles from the United States. Geo' graphical causes, in their nature un¬ changeable, render it manifest that such
supplies can be sent to the British Islands fects of the warehousing system, seems in more abundance, and on cheaper terms, sufficiently justifiable. from the United Slates, than from parts
Where interests are multifarious, as of the  world  more remote, or from cli
|in free, populous, and opulent commnni [ties must be the case, the hand of govern- juient mast be variously extended. Some- [times it is wisely applied to the effective Iregulation of some of these interests, and txnetimes it becomes as necessary to jligbten its pressure upon others. Not lonly is it recommended to lessen the re htrictions which our laws have so long jimposed upon the merchant; in an exten¬ sive branch of the foreign trade, but it is Nso conceived that there are articles en- rering into the list of our imports, the du¬ ties upon which it would bo expedient to ptluce. Amongst these, it is thought [iiroper to mention Teas and WineS;/ as Wing prominent.
The use of Tea has become so general ''iroughout the United States, as to rank [almost as a necessary of life. When to 'lis we add, that there is no rival produc¬ tion at home to be fostered by lessening P'lii amount of its importation, the duty Upon it may safely be regarded as too tit^h. Upon some ofthe varieties ofthe l^fiicle, it considerably exceeds one bun- ilred per cent, and is believed to be gene^ I'idly abore the level which a true policy joints out. A moderate reduction ofthe puty would lead lo an increased consump- ['"'0 of the article, to an extent that, in h" fiiobability, would in the end, benefit, I'ttlher than injure the revenue. Its ten- «ency would be to enlarge our trade in reports to China, a trade of progressive j^Mue, as our cottons, and other articles I 'iiotwe production, (aside from specie) M= more and more entering into it. It I ^ould cause more of the trade in teas to I •^'^I'ein our own ports, the present rate ' '''^'y driving; out fea ships not iinfre-
mates less favourable to their produc tions—Ngvertheless, the British govern¬ ment, true to its invariable maxim of en¬ couraging the industry of its own subjects in preference to that of foreigners, laid duties upon these supplies when coming from the United States, design to coun¬ tervail the greater cheapness with which they could be furnished over similar sup¬ plies from the British Colonies of North America. It was to no purpose that Britain ivas urged, in protracted negocia- tions, to forego this discrimination io fa¬ vour of her own subjects. She steadily adhered to it, affording a fresh and sig¬ nal example to the other nations that, to protect the agricultural as the manufac¬ turing labour of her own people, in whatever region situated, is a point in her policy, to whieh that of buying cheap from strangers knows when and how to yield. As the British North American Colonies were enabled, with the aid of these protecting duties, to fiirnisb a portion of the supplies necessary to the British Islands, leaving the U. States to furnish the residue ; whilst the direct in¬ tercourse between the latter and those Islands remained open, it is not believed that the trade, under ordinary circum¬ stances, will be materially effected in a- mount by the direct intercourse being closed. The continued necessity of draw ing the.major part of these supplies from the United Stales, was seen in the fact of Quebec having been made an entrepot for their flour and other articles, at an early day after the commencement of th interdict, and, afterwards, by an act of the British Parliament; which admits, duty fre(?5 varitnis product* of the United
States, into Canada, whence tl^Bir expor- tations to the Islands is legaliaifd, as ot the proper products of Canada.il It is by the establishments of such dekots that tbe desire of Great Britain is alf^ evinced to draw to herself a prepoudeiiiiiu?; share of the carrying trade betw'i^o. her Is¬ lands and the United States. It- is through these circuitous chaniiek: also, through New Brunswick and Nova Sco¬ tia ; through the ports and Islands of in¬ termediate Powers—as St. Jagode Cuba, Carthagena, St. Bartholomews, St. Eus- tatius, St. Thomas—that Jamaica and the Windward Islands will chiefly derive from the United States the supplies that they have heretofore had from them, and still continue to want. It is even known that biscuit has been shipped from Philadelphia for Jamaica, by way of Liverpool; and the flour of the United filiates, under bonds in the xvare. houses of Liverpool, will, also, it is thought, find its way to consumption in the larger Isl¬ ands of the British West indies.
The Bahamas will probably experience most inconvenience from the course of this trade being farced into these indirect channels, from their relative inability to sustain tbe increased expense with which it will be burdened. This, we miy pre¬ sume, will he shared by both parties, the transhipments and other intermediate agencies necessary to keep the trade in activity, being to a certain extent, com¬ mon to both. What will be tbe relative proportion ofthe tonnage of tbe iwo na¬ tions employed in carrying oath^irade, cannot at present be stated wi^ confi¬ dence. It is not probable that that of the United States will suffer, wheie the com petition can be made equal; but it is pos¬ sible that some dimiuutiofl of |heir ship¬ ping may be eventually witneiesed in fa¬ vour of the flag of some third Power. It is the declared policy of Britain to pro¬ duce such a result rather than allow, by any arrangements which she eiuii control, tbe tonnage ofa nation, alreadj as large as that of the United States, lo become larger. Next to tha augmentation of her own tonnage, it is the aim ofithe British laws to bring into employment the ton¬ nage of the smaller maritime Powers of the world. If the anticipatioD be correct that the British Islands will eontinue to receive indirectiv, their supplies from the United States without material diminu¬ tion, the revenue will not sufl^r ; since our exports, through whatevei^ channels they reach the Islands, may be\expected to be followed by equivalent retjirns. Il may be repeated, however, that further time is necessary for establj^hibg defini live conclusions upon this and the other points adverted to. It is ascertained, that the imports into the United States, from the whole ofthe W est India Islands, for the first six months of the present year, falls below the average rate of those of the first six months of the three years preceding, including importations from the British Islands. On the other hand, our exports to the whole ofthe West In¬ dies, during the first six months of 1827, have exceeded their average amount for the same period during the three years preceding, including exports lo ihe Brit¬ ish Islands.
The estimates, in detail, of the revenue for the ensuing year, will now be given. For the gereral observation upon the home industry and foreign trade of the country that have been gone into, the indulgence of congress is, with the utmost deference, solicited, under the motives that have prompted them. All financial plans must ultimately be dependent upon the flour¬ ishing states in which a sagacious and comprehensive policy may aid in pla"eing the great agrieultural, manafaeturing and commercial interests of the nation; not n the spirit of partisanship for either, but by weighing co-eqnally the claims of each, and striving to secure ihe enriching results of all. It is in the anxious eji- deavour and humble hope of exhibiting them under this alliance to the correcting and controlling wisdom of congress, that this Report has been prepared.
The gross amount of duties whieh ac¬ crued on imports and tonnage from the tirst of January to the thirteenth of Sep tember last, is estimated at twenty-one millions two hundred and twenty-six thousand dollars. The gross amount that will accrue for the last quarter of the year, is estimated at five millions seven hundred and seventy-four thousand ; ma¬ king an aggregate of twenty-seven mil¬ lions for tiie entire year.
The debentures for drawbacks, issued during the three first quarters of the year, amounted to 83,381,942 79 ; and the amount outstanding on the tbirtielh of September, was 83^1516,966 45, of which 815245.057 17, are chargeable upon the revenue of 1828.
The amount of duty bonds in suit on the thirtieth of September last, vvas 4,- 136,812 dolls. 04 cts., which is more by 128,929 dolls. 88 cts., than Was in suit on the same day of the year preceding.
In estimating the probable amount of duties that will be received as compared wi til Ihe gross amount secured on the im¬ portations of the year, the necessary de¬ ductions.are to be made,, not only from draw.^ack8, butibr Ihe expenses of coUec-
tion, and various losses that may happen Making what  is judged to be a full al¬ lowance on all  these  accounts for  the present occasion, the receipts from the customs, in 1828, are estimated at
820,372,700
Those from the sale ofthe
publie lands are estimated at     1,400,000
Prom bank dividends 420,000
And from all other sources       107,300
Making an aggregate of       822,300,000
The expenditure for 1828 is estiinated as follows, viz.
Civil, mis¬ cellaneous & diplomt\tic      gl,828,385 14
Militalfy ser¬ vice, including Fortifications, Ordinance, In¬ dian Depart¬ ment, Revolu¬ tionary Si Mil»- iiary Pensions, arming tie mi¬ litia, ik arj^era- ges prior tp the 1st of January 18;t7, 4,332,091 05
Naval ser- rice, including the gradual in¬ crease of the Navy, 3,786,649 25
Public debt, 10,000,000 00
Making a total of
19,9*7,125 44
And leaving an excess of receipts, for the year, over its expenditures, of 2,352,874 06
The estimate of revenue from all sour ces, for 1828, has been made  8850,000 lower than that for 1827.    This has been done to guard as far as possible, against unfavourable  contingencies.    N«verthe less, the present estimate is formed oh a larger amount of duties secnred by bond on merchandise imported, than the esti mate for 1827.    Hence there is  reason from all present appearances, to believe that,  although  the estimate for 1828  is less than that for 1827, the receipts will prove greater.
All of which  is most.respectfully sob- raitted. RICHARD RUSH.
Treasury Department, Dec. 8, 1827.
CONGRESS.
Tuesday, April 22, 1828. HOUSE  OF REPRESENTATIVES. TARIFF BILL.
Mr. Daniel resumed the course of his remarks, in reply to Mr. Burges, and concluded his speech with the same se¬ vere style of animadversion whieh had distinguished its commencement—" dirt grubbers," and ''mud machines," "blue light Federalists," and " hog and homi¬ ny boys," were referred to in the intro¬ duction—and in the body of the speech, Mr. D. recited the various modes in which the western states had extended their protection to the eastern—comment¬ ed on the conduct of tbe eastern states in the late war ; on the subject of the ac¬ quisition of Louisiana; and, after a num¬ ber of remarks on school masters, gen. Jackson's orthography, Dr. Cooper's pa¬ triotism, forged letters, the coffin hand bill, &c., he concluded, after having been called to order hy the Chair.
Mr. Martin obtained the floor, but yielded it for a few minutes to Mr. Bur¬ ges, who explained, denying all inten¬ tion of accusing the people of Kentucky with cowardice, and insisting there was but one man in the nation who had eyer made that charge.
Mr, Martin, objecting to Mr. B's go¬ ing into any argument, insisted on his right to the floor—and (Mr. B. having taken his seat,) proceeded to deliver a speech on the general subject ofthe bill, and the policy on which it was founded, against which he protested in toto, as wrong in principle, and oppressive and ruinous in its effects upon the southern states. He replied to the strictures of Mr. Burges on the character of Dr. Cooper, Oil whose character, as an advo¬ cate of liberty, and standing, as a man of talent and learning, he pronounced a warm enlogium. He utterly disclaimed every thing like bargain and collision as to the character and fate of the bill, ei¬ ther in the cominittee of manufactures or in the house: combated the doctrine of Mr. B. as to the comparative price of American and British labour^—the cause of the low price of coarse cottons, &c.—- He deprecated the effect of the bill on commerce and the revenue—quoted Ha¬ milton's report, to show, that when the country was equally divided on a ques¬ tion of protecting duties, the course of trade oiight to be left free—-and conclud¬ ed With disclaiming all participation in any design to produce excitement or dis¬ loyalty in the south.
When Mr. Martin had concluded, a number of different gentlemen rose near¬ ly together, claiming the floor.
Mr. Wright of New York, after a few preparatory remarks, moved the.previous, question on the passage of the bill.
Mr. P, P. Barbour asked him to with¬
draw his motion, to enable him to make some explanation in reference to a charge which had appeared in one of the morn¬ ing papers ; but Mr. W. after some he¬ sitation, declining to do so,
The Speaker, put the question on sus¬ taining the call, and it was decided in ihe affirmative, ayes 108.
The Speaker theiA put the previous question, in the follovviiig vvords : " Shall the main question now be put P"
The yeas and nays having, been de- mandedj were ordered by the House, and stood as follows:
Yeas,"i22—Nays 63.
The main question being about to be put,
Mr. Gilmer moved for a call of the House.
And it was deciced in the affirmative, ayes 98, noes 90.
The roll was then called, and 201 members answered to their names.
Mr. Gilmer then moved to dispense with farther proceedings id the eilll.
Mr. Buchanan wished the call to pro¬ ceed—but the question being put, it was decided in the affirmative—so all farther proceedings were dispensed with. ^ The Speaker then put the main ques" tior^, in Ihe following Words: " Shall this bill pass }^\ and it was decided by yeas aud nays, as follows :
YEAS.—Messrs. Anderson, of Pa. Armstrong, Baldwin, Barber, of Conn, Barlow, Barnard, Beecher, Belden, Blake, Brtrwii, Buchanan, Buckner,T5ucfc Bunner, Burges, Chase, Chilton, Clark^ of N. Y. Clark, of Ky. Condict, Coulter, Creighton, Crowninshield, Daniel, Da¬ venport, of Ohio, De Graff, Dickinson, Duncan, Dwight, Earll, Findlay, For¬ ward, Fry, Gamsey, Garrow, Green, Harvey, Healy, Hobole, Hoffman, Hnnt, Jennings, Johns, Keese> King, Lawrence Lecompte, Leffler, Letchijr, Little, Lyon, Magee, Mallary, Markell, Martindale, Marvin, Maxwell, M'Hatton, M'Kean, M'Lean, Merwin, Metcalfe, Miller, Mi» ner, Mitchell, of Pa. Moore of Ky. Or, Phelps, Pierson, Ramsey, Russell, Ser¬ geant, Sloane, Smith, of Ind. Stanberry, Stevenson of Pa. Sterigere, Stewart, Storrs, Slower, Strong, Swann, Swift, Sutherland, Taylor, Thompson, of N. J. Tracy, Tucker, of N. J. Vance, Vaci Horn, Van Rennsselear, Vinson, Wales, Whipple, Whittlesey, Wickliffe, Wilsoa of Pa. John J. Wood, Silas Wood, Woods of Ohio, Woodcock, Wolf, Wright, of N. Y. V\ right, of Ohio, Yan¬ cey—106.
NAYS—Messrs. Alexaiider, Allen, of Mass. Allen, of Va. Alston, Anderson, of Me. Archer,-Bailey, Pi P^. Barbour, Barker, Barringer, Bartlett, Bates, of Me. Bell, filair, Brent, 5ryan, ^utman, Cambreleog, Carson, Carter, Claiborne, Conner, Crockett, Culpeper, Davenport of Va. Davis, of Mass. Davis, of S. G. Desha, Dorsey, Drayton, Everett, Floydj of Geo. Fort, Gale, Gilmer, Qorham, Gurley, Haile, Halloek, Hall, Hamilton, Haynes, Hodges, Holmes, Ingersoll, Isacks, Johnson, Kerr, Lea, Livingston, Locke, Long, Fjumpkin, Marable, Mar¬ tin, M'Coy, M'Duffie, M'Intire, M'Kee, Mercer, Mitchellj of Tenn. Moore, of if\lab. Newton, Nuckolls, Oakley, O'Bri¬ en, Owen, Pearce, Plant, Polk, Ran¬ dolph, Reed, Richardson, Ripley, Rives^ Roane, Sawyer, Shepperd, Smith, of Va. Spragoe, Taliaferro, Thompson, of Geo. Trezvant, Tucker, of S. C. Turner;, Varnum, Verplanck, Ward, Washingtoa Weems, Wilde, Williams, Wingate—94.
So the bill passed;
The question then recurred on the tU «^e of the Bill.
Mr. Wdde moved to amend it by ad¬ ding the words " and for the encourage¬ ment of domestic manufactures.
Mr. Randolph opposed the motion, in¬ sisting that domestic manufactures meant those which were carried on itt the families of farmers, in the fabrica¬ tion of what used to be called Virginia cloth; and that the bill, if it had its true name, should be called a bill to rob and plunder nearly one half of the Union, for the benefit of the residue, &c. Let the friends of the bill christen their own child ; he would not stand god-father to it. The title was merely ad captandum vulgus; like the words on the continental money ridiculed in Smith's verses,
« Libertas et natale solum.
Fine words indeed! I wonder where you stole 'em."
The bill referred to manufactures of no sort or kind, but the manufacture of a President of the United States.
Mr. nild£, after a brief reply, in which he assented to Mr. R's opinion of the bill, but thought the manufactures in the family ought to be called house¬ hold manufaetures, consented to with¬ draw his amendment.
Mr. Drayton then moved to amend tbe title as follows :-^
Strike out all after " An act," and in¬ sert *« to increase the duties upon certain imports, for the purpose of increasing the profits of certain manufactures.'*
Mr. D. after some general remarks OA tlie Injurious and unconstitutiona!