The Colonization herald and general register

              Colotthatt0tt
entlfr
AND GENERAL REGISTER.
CONDUCTED BY   THE   PENNSYLVANIA   COLONIZATION  SOCIETY.
WHATSOEVER  YE   WOULD   THAT  MEN   SHOULD   DO   TO   YOU,   DO   YE   EVEN  SO   TO   THEM.
Vol. I.—NEW SERIES.
PHILADELPHIA,   WEDNESDAY,  JULY   4,   1838
IVO.   27.
For the Colonization Herald.
j     The company to be subject to the laws of the colony ; ished before autumn; among them Bartholomew Gos- ed, and three  thousand five persons had found their
rnmUfFRrr   \\n   U'nirrnrpp  ap   TTRP   and the general inspection and supervision of the Go- nold, the projector ofthe settlement, a man of rare way to Virginia, which was a refuge even for Pu-
v.u_._^._vv.i_ ___.n_j _.ijiulu__ilk__ ui    """'Uimor. and to enjoy certain privileges from lhe So-  merits, worthy of a perpetual memory in the plants- ritans.
! ciety, viz. j tion, and whose influence had alone thus far preserved , In June 1619, lhe first colonial assembly that ever
lerto the great enterprize of Colonization has. The transportation of the Society's emigrants and some degree of harmony in the council. i met in Virginia, was convened at Jamestown. The
been carried on entirely by the means of private con- goods to Africa, and the return freight. j Disunion completed the scene of misery. It became governor, the newly appointed council, and two repre-
tributions; but the time 1ms now come when the friends ; The free use of 2000 acres of land to be so selected | necessary to depose Wingfield, the avaricious presi- j sentatives from each ofthe eleven boroughs, hence
of this cause may press the productive power of the as to afford water power, timber, and the best arable j dent, who was charged with engrossing the choicest called burgesses, constituted the first popular repre-
young nation they have founded into their service; soj]. j stores, and who was on the point of abandoning the scntative body of the western hemisphere.
and, by enlisting the enterprise of Liberia, make the . The use of the public wharves, and exemption from colony and escaping to the West Indies. Ratcliffe, the It was not, however, until July 1621, that a memo-
spirit of commerce and agriculture auxiliary to the port charges in the colony. j new president, possessed neither judgment nor indus- rable ordinance of the company established for the
fenerous efforts of philanthropy.                                            To keep a store in the colony for the accommoda-  try; so that the management of anwM fell into the colony a wriiten constitution.    The form vvas analo-
The success  which has already crowned the com-   tion of persons employed in the company's service, and   hands of Smith, whose deliberate enterprise and cheer- gous to the English constitution, and vvas, with some
pa rati vely feeble means supplied by individual gifts,  for wholesale trade with the merchants of the colony,   ful courage alone diffused light amidst the general modifications, the model of the systems which were
while it affords the most abundant proof of the prac-  and traffic with the nations.                                              j gloom. , afterwards introduced into the various royal provinces.
ticability of the scheme, ought not to induce a too      The establishment of mills and manufactories free j     Smith was taken prisoner on one of his excursions, The courts of justice were required to conform to
confident reliance upon this >ource of support, nor di-  Gf taxation or any public charge during the term of. nnd his life saved from the tomahawk by the affectionate the laws and manner of trial used in the realm of
vert attention from the employment of whatever agen-   the company's charter.                                                       ! kindness of Pocahontas, the daughter of the warlike England,
cies may properly bo made subservient to the end in      \t should also be subject to the following conditions, tnd povveful Indian chief Powhatan,
view.                                                                                      To carry out all the emigrants offered by"the Society       Returning to Jamestown, Smith found the colony
The object of this article is to direct the attention  from 6UCh ports as circumstances should make it ne-  reduced to forty men; and of these the strongest were
of the commercial man :is well as the purely benevo- . cessary to receive them, at a limited price. | again preparing to escape in the pinnace.    This third
lent to Liberia, as the theatre of extensive business | To construct all their buildings of good materials | attempt at desertion he repressed at the hazard of his grants, consisting of"a" hundrecTandone, men. women
operations, ami to propose a plan by which capital may and in a permanent manner, and to leave them in good ! life. Thus passed the few first months of colonial ex- nn(] children, in the ship .Mayflower, were safely moor-
be invested there to the permanent advantage of the order at the expiration of their charter, for the use of; istence in discord and misery ; despair relieved and e(j ,n c__pe Cod harbor. This vvas on the 9th of No
colony, the advancement of colonization, and the profit  the colony.    The society paying for them at a fair ! ruin prevented  by the fortitude of one man and the vember, 1620; rather more than thirteen years after
FIRST SETTLEMENT IN NEW ENGLAND.
After a long and boisterous voyage of 65 days, du¬
ring which one person had died, the first body of emi-
of the proprietor.
valuation.
benevolence of an Indian girl.
the  first colonization  of Virginia.    On   Monday the
In the first place  let  us look at. the number and I     To clear and plant within two years at least 300 j     Newport had hardly returned from his first voyage,   jjy, 0f December, the exploring party ofthe pilgrims
value of articles embrace.1  in the present commerce  acres of land in sugar cane, coffee, and cotton. j before he vvas again despatched with one hundred and   ]ar_(ie(j at Plymouth.    In a few days more, the May-
of Western Africa, nnd which may be called the j JVot to engage in the coasting trade of the colony, twenty emigrants. Yet the joy in Virginia on their __„Wer vvas moored'in its harbor. On January 9th,
natural productions of  the  country in   the  strictest , which shall be reserved to the Colonists. | arrival vvas of short continuance ; for the new comers   1621, they began to build, in tiie midst of disease and
sense ofthe term, as nature supplies them ready for j The company shall pay to the society as a bonus for) were chiefly vagabond gentlemen and goldsmiths, who (]ea_h, induced by exposure to the inclemencies of the
the market almost w ithont the aid of man. j their privileges the annual sum of $ in spite of the remonstrances of Smith, gave a wrong  season     jt was not _j|] goring vvas far advanced, that
1. Gold, which  is found' at different points of the ,     When the profits of the company shall exceed ten , direction to the industry of the colony. j ine mortality betr&n to cease.    At the season of the
coast, Bbl the Gambia to the bight of Bevin, and pro- per cent. per annum, twenty five per cent, of such ex- In 1609 (May 2'i.) a new charter was granted by greatf_st distress,*there were "but seven men able to
bably to,a much iiioitor extent, is obtained by the na- | cegs shall  be paid to the society for the purposes of: which  the powers before reserved to the sing were I reru_er assistance.
tive_ by washing the sand which is brought down from ' education in the colony : and if such excess shall ever j transferred to the company. But the colonists were I rphe benevolent Carver had been appointed govern-
the mountains by the nv is. As the purest and richest amount to thirty-three per cent on the investment, then ; no gainers by the change. The goveiros might rule ' or. at ^s ^rst ]anc_jn(T j,e |lac] iogt ason; goon after the
veins lie much deeper than those which are worn : one half of all* profits above that sum shall be paid to ! with uncontrolled authority, according to the tenor of departure of the May flower fir England his health
away by the attrition of mountain streams, the moun-  the society for said purpose. the  instructions and laws established by the council,   PUnj_  un,]er a sudden attack;   and Trs wife, broken
tains only need to be explored, and the veins worked; All persons disposed to encourage a plan of this or in want of them, according to his own good discre- k^,^ followed him in death! William Bradord the
by the aid of scientific skill, to open sources of unlimit- kind are invited to communicate their views on the i tion, even in cases capital and criminal not less than hj_rtorHU, ofthe colony, was soon chosen his successor
ed wealth.   Even now, ti.o trade in this article is very   subject to the general agent of the Society.    T. B.       civil;  and  in  thc event of  mutiny or rebellion, he j ^J)e recorj 0f mjSPry 'was kept by the graves of the
large, from Sierra Leone, in a single year, it has been I   might declare martial la w, being himself the judge of r,overnor and halfthe company
exported to the value of .* 100,000. ENGLISH COLONIZATION IN THE WEST IN-  tl,e necessity «f the measure, and the executive officer j * .. But |f sicknes3 ceased to prevsfl, the hardships, of
2 Palm Oil.     I nis article is produced by the nut ;   DiES AND IN NORTH AMERICA, 1618-1660.     'nits administration                      .  . _____ .         • privation and want remained to be encountered.    In
of the Palm tree, whi'-h grows in the greatest noun- j    _ ~   __._      _   _t i .. . ., . .<       .,   i.<   •, <...	
dance throughout Western Africa.    The demand for
it both in Europe and America is increasing rapidl
and there is no doubt it will ere long rank among the j Antilles, which were little valued, since poor tobacco I emigrants.    The admiral of the  fleet was Newport, i     ,       , r } ,.,,     _n i yfu 3'ovv ' staler bv
most important articles of trade.    In 1834, there .was, and  cotton  were almost the only productions.^  Not j VJio with Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Somera j rea'__on 0f f;1jntnees for want of   food.'  ' The}" were
The condition of the public mind stiil favouring co-
r)     -p.        Ui .     r.i     v    rr    .i.lVdUI«i      ne condition or me puonc mma su -i mvounng co-   )h   _utlimn  an arrival of new emigrants, who came
or |     The settlements of the English in the Vrthta : Ionization, the company was enabled to despatch a fleet; vined \vith fond, compel]ed theV-HHe colony, for
ly ; werej made by private persons on mM^ smaller , of  mor8  ve„ell! contain n* more than five hundred j si/raon!hs in succession, to subsist on half allowance
till the arrival of Lord Delaware.
ermen off" the coast.    Sometimes they suffered from
imported into Liv rpool alone 12,000 tons of Palm oil  till the cultivation of the sugar cane, brought thither j ,vas authorised to administer the affair* of the colony I __I__I_Li__j"ft__l__ f .miVhinVhv the h7n"evnWe"'r.f fiX
valued at 8 l.TdO.Ol Hi. from Brazil, began to thrive in Barbadoes, vvas their I mi •>- .   ..     ........... -    «.<-'"• u Mm mh.._ i.
3. Camwood.  Rko-Wood, Bar-Wood, and other |alue rightly estimated, and   the conquest of Jamaica
dye woods an- found in .treat quantities in many parts j laid in this period the foundation of the future commer-
of the country.   About thirty miles east of Bassa Cove | cia^grealness of the British m this region of the globe. \\Ufi vr.s<(,] was str,Mided ou the rock- ,/ Ih'rnimla
is the commencement of a region of unknown extent,
where scarcely any tree is  knovvn except the Ca
wood.    This boundless forest of  wealth, as yet
touched, is easily accessible to th
be opened to it with little expe
the country will readily give  their co-operation
measure so vastly beneficial to themselves. and a settlement made on Providence 1629, which may
K impossible to ascertain the amount of exports  be considered the key of the West Indies*
in this article to Kurope and America, but it is very       It was, however, above all others the Norlh Ameri-
greffnnd employs a large number of vessels.    One  can  colonies, which made, in this period, such great
Liverpool hue  imported 300 tons in a single year   progress, that their importance was already acknow-
worth about AW,000. ledged by the nation.    The oppression, exercised to-
AhroRY is procured along the whole western coast,   wards  the Puritans, and  the  internal convulsions of
Owing to a storm near the coast of Virginia, the j ive exactions on the part of shipHi ,hat 8o]d
ni,miral w:iS ^p-'nf'^l iron, the rot •<: th- h ,-s ; and | thfim provisions at the most exorbitant prices.    Nor
did their miseries soon terminate. Even in the third
settlement, their victuals were so entirely
they knew not at night where to have a
n  near u e coasi oi  Virginia, ^'H oppressive  exactions on the part of ships,
ted from the rest of the fleet; and \ them provisions at the most exorbitant pri
._ ided on the rocks of Bermuda.    A ! j- , ,^-      ■
ml,      The first settlements of Barbadoes and half of St.   small ketch perished and seven ships only arrived in j ~        f  .
im- j Christopher were made in 1625, on Barbuda and Nevis, j Virginia. (1609.)    The emi_raiits of this arrival vvere I J~i tl at »
un- j 1628; on Mnnserrat and Antigua 1632.    Jamaica was j dissolute gallants packed off to escape worse destinies I Sf-Ty,'" .
ie colony: roads can   conquered 1655, and the culture of the sugar cane in-   at home, broken tradesmen, gentlemen impoverished i Si™ ]?   ™
nse, and the kings of troduced there 1660. The English settled on Surinam   jn gpjrjt and fortune; rakes and libertines; men more ! Lhi-n  bein
leir co-operation to a   in 1640.   The unoecupied Bahama islands were taken, j fitted lo corrnpt than to found a commonwealth.   The i A- ■ A, ', __5
ipt
historian here justly remarks, " It was not the will of
God that the new state should be form/jd of these ma¬
terials; that such men should be the *-fliers of a pro¬
geny, born on the American soil, who were one day
to assert ' merican liberty by their eloquence, and de¬
fend it by their valour."
... An  accidental  explosion  of   gunpowder   disabled   ^..-.h VPa_. 0j
and constitutes an important article of commerce.    It j England, drove great numbers of colonists beyond the   Smith, and compelled him to return to England for the j -Vasnn of self
apposed that from 880,000 to $200,000 worth is j ocean.   The single provinces, at first comprehended | cure 0f £js wounds which no surgical skill at the co-!    d>"   "  >
annually exported
5. Gums of different kinds enter largely into the
transactions of trade. The house referred to above
imported in three vears into Liverpool ot" Gum Sene¬
gal dearly £.00.000.
Hpes these, the following may be specified among
the most important items of trade at present: wax,
hides, mahogany, teak, rice, and gambia wood. When
we reflect that "these are merely the materials sponta
under the general names of Virginia and New En- j iony was competent to relieve
gland, began to separate, and received, afier the aboli- |     The colonists no longer controlled by an acknovv
tion of the London company nnd the downfal of the , (edged authority, were soon abandoned to improvident I ,     ,   •    V
Plymouth association, constitutions, which, though in-1 idleness    Their amnle slock of nrovisions vvas raoidlv i   n i
.  J.  . . . i -_.-T_-__   ,u,tnt& •    *i-»tr.-npp-->«M-j»ym -.«t_hu_9«_i irawiy i^^j ^ggrsthecowov contained no more than three
consumed, and further supplies  were refused by the   -
bit in the morning.' Tradition declares, that, at one
colonists were reduced to a pint of corn,
g parched nnd distributed, gave to each in¬
dividual only five kernels; but rumor falls short of
j reality; for three or four months together, they had no
corn whatever. When a few of their old friends ar¬
rived to join them, a lobster, or a piece offish, withou'
bread or any thing else, but a cup of spring water, was
(•the best dish which the hospitality of the whole colony
i could offer. Neat cattle vvere not introduced till the
f the settlement Yet, during all their
denial and suffering, the cheerful confi¬
dence ofthe pilgrims in the mercies of Providence re¬
mained unshaken."
The progress of population was very slow.    The
e vicinity vvere not fertile; and at the end
tended to promote a greater dependence on the king,
vvere united with republican forms, that in fact result¬
ed from the state of these colonies themselves.
The origin of Massachusetts dates from 1621, and
Boston was founded 1627, chiefly by genuine enthusi
neously furnished by nature, which may be increased \ asts in religion and liberty, who made their principles
indefinitely by the application of industry and science, I prevalent that side of the ocean. A free representa-
we cannot but wonder at the extent and variety of the i live system was introduced as early as 1634. In the
resources of that rich and beautiful country. i same year Rhode Island was founded by exiles from
The excellence of the climate and the amazing fer- { Massachusetts. From this state likewise proceeded
tility of the soil a fiord facilities for the pursuits of ag- the first settlement in Connecticut in 1636. Settle-
riculture scarcely equalled in the most favoured re- j ments were likewise made from it in New Hampshire
gions elsewhere." Besides an endless variety of fruits . and Maine in 1637 ; which, however, submitted anew
and vegetables suited to supply the wants, and gratify Jto the authority of Massachusetts.    In the year 1643,
hundred souls. Fevv as were their numbers, they had
struck deep root, and would have outlived every storm,
even if they had been followed by no other colonies in
New England. Hardly were they planted in America,
when their enterprise began to take a  wide range;
the tastes of a ho ne population, the great commercial I these provinces united under the name of New En- j rejjef |iat] been delayed but ten days longer, they also,
Stanles of tropical production can be raised to an ex-'gland  for common defence.    Maryland   was  settled   mnst have utterly perished.
Indians, whose friendship had been due to the personal
influence of Smith, ami who now regarded the English
wilh a fatal contempt. Stragglers from the town vvere
cut off; parties, which begged food in the Indian cabins,
were deliberately murdered; and plans vvere laid to ^ Ma88achusetts was settled, they had acquired
starve and destroy the whole company. The horrors rj_htg ^ Q Ann> ag we„ ag an extensive domain 0()
ot famine ensued ; while a band ot about thirty seizing
on a sloop, escaped to become pirates, and to plead
their desperate necessity as an excuse for their crimes.
Smith had left, at his departure, more than four hun¬
dred and ninety persons in the colony ; in %ix months,
indolence, vice and famine, reduced the number to
sixty; and these vvere so feeble and dejected, that if
staples ot tropical pr
tentiiqual to thc wants of the world.
CtotTON of a beautiful staple, is indigenous and
gro*fcfor twelve or fourteen years in succession with¬
out renewal of the pi:)nt.
ipe
the Kennebec; and they vvere th*5 first to possess an
English settlement on the banks of the Connecticut.
From the Missionary Herald.
MISSIONS  OF THE CHURCH  MISSIONARY
SOCIETY IN WEST AFRICA.
Under date of February 22, 1S37, the missionaries
under Lord Baltimore, and the city of Baltimore was j. In the extremity of their distress they had resolved of lhe soc!ely r°rwardcd fr»m ^erra L-one the follow-
founded, mostly by Catholics, in 1632. Virginia, as to abandon the cJonntry, sail for Newfoundland and ( >n? narrative of a native African catechol connected
the southern portion of the coast, still remained undi- I peok safety by dispersing themselves among the ships | W1,h ,Ulat """T a° heart-re,ldinS sfenes °^a'
vided; but increased in an equal proportion with the Lf En lish fishermen. They even desired to burn the isloned b? the slave-trade wars on that unhappy coast
&____» of a quality superior to the best Java or I diffusion of tobacco. The act of navigation was re- counlrfo in wh_ch they had been so wretched ; but were ■ "• mo^ graphically described by one who had passed
MocliK found in the'vicinity of Liberia, and can be ! newed. embracing also the North American colonies, prcvenJted by lhe energy of Gates who was himself! !hrou£n th™' a"d experienced the miseries which
cultivated with great ease to any extent. It grows, in 1660; an acknowledgment on the part of the | the last to JAeseti the settlement. None dropped a I ,a™ attended and must ever attend that inhuman
from 30to40 years and yields about nine pounds to the ! mother country of their importance for navigation and | tear) for none i,a(j enjoyed one day of happiness. They |tramc'
shrub yearly. | commerce.-. —Heeren. | fell down the stream with the tide.and the next morn-1 Character of the Slave-trade Wars.
Abridged from Bancroft's History of the U. States.
FIRST SETTLEMENT OF VIRGINIA.
ing (June 8,1610,) as they drew near the mouth of the ! I suppose some time about the commencement of
river, they encountered the long boat of Lord Dela- the year 1821, I was in my native country, enjoying
ware, who had arrived on the coast with emigrants ! the comforts of father and mother and the affectionate
and supplies.    The fugitives bore up the helm, and,   love of brothers and sisters.    From this period I must
Sue_R Cane stows in unrivalled luxuriance, and
as there are no frosts to he dreaded, can be brought to
much greater perfection  titan in our southern states.
Indigo, Caoutchouc, Pepper, Tamarinds, and many
other things, which are brought from other tropical j     The first colonial charter under which the English I favoured by the wind, were that night once more at I date the unhappy, but which I am now taught, ia other
untries to this, mindit be added to the list.    Indeed [ were planted in Virginia, was granted  by James I.,' the fort at Jamestown. I respects, to call blessed day, which I shall never forget
ere is nothin. in the fertile countries of the East or   April 10, 1606.    To the emigrants themselves it con- j     Thus in a period of three years we see what small i in my life.    I call  it " unhappy day," because it vvas
est Indies which may not be produced in equal or ceded not one elective franchise, not one of the rights  progress was made towards settlement in Virginia, and [ the day in which I was violently turned out of my
reater excellence in Western Africa. | of self-government. j how dreadful the mortality among the emigrants. i father's house, and separated from  my relations, and
■Iere are  the elements of wealth, the materials of;     Ofthe one hundred and five on the list of emigrants, I     The restoration of the colony took place on the 10th ! in which I was made to experience what is called " to
extensive and  tempting  commerce.    Enterprize  there vvere but twelve laborers and very fevv mechan- j day of June 1610.    The colony at this time, after the  be in slavery." With regard to its being called " bless-
capital are alone wanting to develope and make   ics.    They vvere going to a wilderness in which as reinforcement brought by Lord Delaware, consisted of; ed,"—it being the day which Providence had marked
them available to the highest purposes of civilization,' yet not a house was standing; and there were forty- j about two hundred men, who vvere soon deprived of i out for me to set out on my journey from the land of
the extension of arts, the diffusion of knowledge and ; eight gentlemen to four carpenters.    Neither were   the superintending care of this nobleman by disease  heathenism, superstition, and vice, to a place where
spread of Christianity.   Liberia without assistance   there any men with families.    It vvas evident, a com-  which compelled him to return to England. j His^gospel is preached
In the May of the following year, (1611) Sir For some years, war had been carried on in my Eyo
Thomas Dale arrived with liberal supplies, and assum- country, which was always attended with much devas-
ed the reins of government which he soon afterwards  tation and bloodshed : the women, such men as had
s unable to turn this mighty latent power to account, j mercial, not a colonial establishment, vvas designed by
er citizens arriving from America vviih little or no   the projectors.
Dprrty, have to contend with many difficulties, pecu- j     After a tedious voyage, and a search additional of
r tKioneers, in procuring subsistence for themselves seventeen days from the time of entering James River,! administered upon the basis of martial lavv, in which   surrendered or were caught, with the children, were
" ftimilies.    And soon after the first hard struggles I the peninsula, also called after the king, Jamestown,; the church even was included. J taken captives.   The enemies who carried on these
^Ejft forest and the fever are past, and they are about fifty miles above the mouth ofthe river, wasl In this year Sir Thomas Gates conducted to the ; wars were principally the Eyo Mahommedans, with
comf^fely established on their little plantati. ns, their selected for the site ofthe colony, May 13th, 1607. new world six ships with three hundred emigrants and whom my country abounds ; who, with the Foulahs,
atten^K must necessarily be confined to a limited ! Despair 6oon seized the newly arrived emigrants, so ; a hundred kine, as well as suitable provisions. For the and such foreign slaves as had escaped from their ovvn-
-spher Bf effort, and their advances 6low and toilsome j that in tess than a fortnight after the departure of the first time a marked and happy change in the condition ers, joined together, made a formidable force of about
from «reme poverty to the easy competence which, fleet under Newport, " hardly ten of them were able to of the colonists was effected by an allotment to each 20,000; winch annoyed the whole country. They had
with patient ndu.-try, tin y may confidently look for- j stand ;" the labor of completing some simple fortifica-1 man of a few acres of ground for his orchard and gar-; no other employment but selling slaves to the Spani-
ward to.    Capitalists can alone accomplish for Liberia t tions was exhausting; and no regular crops could be ; den, to plant at his pleasure and for his own use. ards and Portuguese on the coast.
the grand results which would rapidly follow the pro-1 planted. During the summer there were not, on any oc- j After twelve years labor, and an expenditure of' The morning on which my town, Ochogu, shared
per developement of her vast resources; and surely, j casion, five able men to guard the bulwarks; the fort eighty thousand pounds by the company, there were the same fate which many o!hers had experienced,
whether a noble desire of advancing the interests of was filled in every corner with the groans of the sick, in the colony no more than six hundred persons, men, vvas fair and delightful; and most of the inhabitants
those young Christian states, or a laudable wish to  whose outcries, night and day for six weeks, rent the   women and children. ; were engaged in their respective occupations.    VVe
enlarge the boundaries of commerce and add to the  hearts of those who could minister no relief.    Many)     In one year, however, after the accession of Sir Ed-1 were preparing breakfast, without any apprehension,
forts of mankind, or simply a desire of  making ] times three and four died in a night; in the morning   win Sandys to the office of Treasurer to the London   when, about nine A. M., a rumour vvas spread in the
a g^BJnvestment,  move our wealthy citizens, the j their bodies were trailed out of the cabins, like dogs,   Company, a passage was provided for twelve hundred   town, that tho  enemies had approached, with inten-
to be buried.    Fifty men, one half of the colony, per-   and sixty-one persons.    The character of the emigra-, tions of hostility.    It was not long after when they
  I tion was also improved.    Women began to go out to  had almost surrounded the town, to prevent any escape
* The history, civil and commercial, of the British co- the new colony ; many of them transported at the ex-  of the inhabitants.    The town was rudely fortified by
lonies in the West Indies, by Bryan Edwards, 1793. III.  pense ofthe company; others were sent out as a mer-  a wooden fence, about four miles in circumference, con-
Vol. 4to.   The leading work for the general history of the  cantile speculation.    On their arrival, these females,  taining about 12,000 inhabitants, and producing 3,000
British West Indies.    The third volume comprehends the  young and virtuous, were sold to the colonists; the   fighting men.
The shares to be small, say $100, and a certain pro-! wars on Domingo. j debt for a wife being considered a debt of honor, and      The inhabitants not being duly prepared, some not
portijpof them offered to the colonists. f For the earlier history: A general history ofthe Brit- j taking precedence of any other.    Domestic ties were  being at home, and those who were having six gates
H the persons employed in the service of the com-! ish empire in America, in two volumes, by Mr. Wynne.; formed; virtuous sentiments and habits of thrift en-  to defend, as well as many weak places about the fence
to be colonists, with the exception of such me-1 London  1770.  8vo.    Comprehending Canada and the j 8Ued ; the tide of emigration swelled;  within three  to guard against—and, to say in a few words, the men
ice or other persons as the colony could not fur-1 VVest Indies. | years (1619 to 1621) fifty patents for land were grant j being surprised, and therefore confounded—the ene-
niah.
rnond_fcviU not be wanting for this great enterprize.
ThV-plan I would suggest is, that a joint stock com¬
pany hi formed with a capital of $100,000 or $150,-
000, bftarry on agricultural and commercial opera¬
tions Sfithin the limits of the colony, lor a term not
exceeding thirty years.
mies entered the town after about three or four hours'
resistance. Here the most sorrowful scene imaginable
was to be witnessed—women, some with three, four
or six children clinging to thrir arms, with the infants
on Iheir backs, and such baggage as they could carry
on their heads, runninn as fast as they could, through
prickly shrubs, which, hooking their blies* and loads,
threw them down from the heads of the bearers. When
they found it impossible to go with their loads, they
only endeavoured to save themselves and their chil¬
dren. Even this was impracticable with those who
had many children to care for: as while they were en¬
deavouring to disentangle themselves from the ropy
shrubs, they were overtaken, and caught by the ene¬
mies by a rope-noose thrown over the neck of every
individual, to be led in the manner of goats tied to-
gether, under the drove of one man. In many cases,
a family was violently divided between three or four
enemies, who each led his away, to see each other no
more. I was thus caught, with my mother, two sisters,
one infant about ten months old, and a cousin, while
endeavouring to escape in the manner above described.
My load consisted of nothing else than my bow, and
five arrows in the quiver; the bow I had lost in the
shrub, while I vvas extricating myself, before I could
think of making any use of it against my enemies.
1 he last time I saw my father, was when he camo
from the fight to give us the signal to flee : he entered
into our house, which was burnt some time back for
some offence given by my father's adopted son: hence
I never saw him more. Here I must take thy leave,
unhappy comfortless father! I learned some time
atierwards that he vvas killed in another battle.
Our conquerors vvere Evo Mahommedans, who led
us away through the town. On our way, we met a
man sadly wounded in the head, struggling between
life and death. Before we got half way through the
town, some Foulahs among the enemies themselves,
hostilely separated my cousin from our number. Here
also I must take thy "leave, my fellow-captive cousin !
His mother was living in another village. The houses
in the town on fire, were built with mud, some about
twelve feet from the ground, with high roofs, in square
forms of different dimensions and spacious areas. Seve¬
ral of these belonged to one man, adjoining to, with
passages communicating with each other. The flame
was very high; we were led by my grandfather's
house already desolate; and in a few minutes after,
we lett the town to the mercy of the flame, never to
enter or see it any more. Farewell the place of my
birth, the play-ground of my childhood, and the place
which I thought would be the repository of my mortal
body in its old age!
We were now out of Ochogu, going into a town
called Ischi, the rendezvous of the enemies, about
twenty miles from our town. On the way, we saw
our grandmother at a distance, with about three or four
ot my other cousins taken with her. for a few minutes-
she was missed through the crowd, to see her no more.
Several other captives were held in the same manner
as we were—grandmothers, mothers, children, and
cousins, were all taken captives. O sorrowful pros¬
pect ! The aged women were greatly to be pitied, not
being able to walk so fast as their children and .-rand-
children. They were often threatened with bem«r p„t
to death upon the spot, to get rid of them, if^they
vvouid not go as fast as others; and they were often as
wicked in their practice as in their words. O pitiful
sight! Whose heart vvouid not bleed to have seen
this? .es, such is the state of barbarity in the hea¬
then land! Evening came on; nnd on coming to a
spring of water, we drank a great quantity, which
served us for breakfast, with a little parched corn and
dried meat, previously prepared by our victors f„r
themselves. During our march lo Ischi, we pa^ed
several towns and villages which had been reduced to
ashes. It vvas almost midnight before we reached the
town where we passed our doleful first nmht in bond
age. It was not perhaps a mile from the wail of l«chi
where an old woman of about sixty was threatened in
the manner above described. What became of her 1
could not learn.
Sale and Journeys ofthe Slaves.
The next morning, our cords being token off our
necks, we were brought lo the chief of our cantors--
for there were many other chiefs-as trophies at his
feet.    In a little while, a separation took place ■ when
my sister and I fell to the share of the chief and ml
mother and the infant to the victors.    We dared n r
vent our grief in loud cries, but by very heavy sobV
My mother, with the infant, was led away, comforter?
with the promise that she should see us again   wh^n
we should leave Isehi  for Dahdah, the town'of th!!
chief.    In a fevv hours after, it was soon agreed unon
that I should be bartered for a horse in Isehi that ver
day.    Thus was I separated from my mother and siste^
for the firet time in my life; and the latter not to hi
seen more in this world.    Thus, in the space of twen
ty-fotir hours, being deprived of liberty and all otl.Pr
comforts, I was made the property of three differenT
persons.    About the space of two months, when _.__.
chief vvas to leave Isehi, for his own town, the hor
which vvas then only taken on trial, not beinjr aDDm_SeJ
of I •» restored to the chief, who took me to Dahdah
where I had the happiness to meet my motherand i
fant sister again, with joy which could be described h
nothing else but tears of love and affection- and
the part of my infant sister, with leaps of joy     it °n
I lived for about three months, goino- for gras^ f    i\&
horses, with my fellow-captives.    Tnovv and then vi
ited my mother and sister in our captor's hou=e with
out any fears or thoughts of being separated anv
My mother told me she had heard of my ajste;: u10frej
never saw her more.    At last, an B*k»m erenlnr ar¬
rived, when I was sent with a man to <ret some n^
at a neighboring house.    I went, but with some feTra
for which I could not account; and, to my great ast
ishment, in a few minutes I was added to the numf""
of many other captives, fettered, to be led to lhe n
ket-town early the next morning.    My sleen w»
from me; I spent almost the whole night in thinkT"1
of my doleful situation, with tears and sobs; esne     ]]S
as my mother was in the same town, whom I had
visited for about a day or two back.    There w     n0t
other boy in the same situation with me- his   as °n"
was in Dahdah.    Being sleepless, I heard th    fi
cock crow; and scarcely was the signal given '-._!-_-.
the traders arose, loaded the men slaves with h '
and with one hand chained to the neck  we ^"f&^pf
town.    My little companion in affliction cried    thj
herro-ed much to he nermiitpd tr> cm.  _,__. .      .   G' and
house my mother was in. ^Thus wasTseparated frV*
my mother and sister my then only comforj to ™
no more in this world of misery After f me_t
travel, we came to the market-town L.L W
saw many who had escaped from our^ town faf^Ll
place, or who were in search of their r^lat; 8
at liberty as many as they had the means nf^J0 6Gt
ing. Here we were under very close ?nBnp r em'
there were many persons in search of thpi S' BB
                                                 wieir relations j
• Blies-a kind of basket used by the natives.