The Colonization herald and general register

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AND GENERAL REGISTER.
CONDUCTED  BY   THE   PENNSYLVANIA   AND   NEW   YORK   COLONIZATION   SOCIETIES
WHATSOEVER  YE   WOULD   THAT   MEN   SHOULD   DO  10   YOU,   DO   YE   EVEN   SO   TO  THEM.
Vol. I.—NEW SERIES.
P II I I. A I> E I, P II I A ,   WJB Pit MP A Y,  IU A Y   «>,   18 « 8
NO.   1».
AUGUSTA COMMERCIAL CONVENTION, (but sure steps, lo the great principles of free trade and ing those credits abroad, on which northern commerce I measure depend upon the defeat of our plans. A large
Report of the Committee of thirty-one to the Mer- unrestrained industry.    To avail ourselves, however,  has heretofore mainly relied for  ts support.    This i portion of the Union, which always have exerted and
chants' Convention, presented on   Wednesday of P^!l" tne advantages of this great and salutary change gre'it staple is our own. j still exerts, almost a controlling influence upon public
the session of that body, by Gen. Robert Y. Hayne. m our system, it is indispensably necessary that we  ~ The revolutions which have receitly taken place in j opinion, at home and abroad, will be roused into action.
The committee of ihirtv-one who were instructed ehu,ll(1 free ourselves from the trammels of long esta- the commercial world—the failuresand destruction of, to deprive us of public confidence, and to drive us
" to consider and report on the measures proper to be blishod ,iahit?' opinions and prejudices. It is one ofthe credit in New York, and the stoppage of the American ' from our course. VVe shall be ridiculed, as the sup-
adopted by this convention " he"- leave respectfully to ?reatest evi,s of misgovernment, that its effects con- Houses in Great Britain, has brougH about a crisis pe- j porters of wild and Utopian theories; as visionary en-
Tenort                                 ' tinue long after the evil itself has been corrected, and  cuIiarly favorable to our views.    r.cre is our cotton i thusiasts, wasting their strength in the pursuit of im-
That they have bestowed upon the subject referred "x aI1 coinmercial operations, the influence of establish- lying at our very doors—the produce of our own fields, practicable schemes. VVe shall be charged with un¬
to them the attention Which its importance demands. ed ***? >s/xtremely difficult to overcome. To di- and furnishing at this time the only medium of ex- generous prejudices and unkind feelings, towards our
Time does not permit nor does the occasion perhaps vert caP1,al 'rom 1,s accustomed channels, to introduce change for the manufactures of Lnope. Why should ' northern brethren, (feelings which are strangers to our
require, an elaborate examination of the subject in all new asS()C'ati,:ns ana habits of business among com-. our own merchants not use it for this purpose .    The ; bosoms,) and that stale though potent slander will be
subj
its bearings; and this is the less necessary, as the able
documents recently published by the convention, have
exhibited, in the clearest light, and demonstrated, in
the most conclusive manner, every point which it
could bs important for us to establish. Indeed the
whole question is embraced in the single proposition,
that it is the interest and duty of the slave-rolding
states of this Union to improve their natural advan¬
tages, by securing to themselves that portion ofthe
commerce of lhe country which rightfully belongs to
tflem ; a proposition which, if it bo not self-evident,
cannot derive much support from argument or illustra¬
tion. We rest our whole case upon the fact, which is
beyond all dispute, that the southern and south-west¬
ern states furnish three-fourths of the entire deme.-tic
exports ofthe whole Union, while they import but lit¬
tle more than one-tenth of the productions received
from abroad in exchange for these exports. It has
[been shown in the documents published by the con-
ve
morcial men, is one of the most difficult tasks which door is now open to us, and we hare but to enter and I revived, of hostility to t he Union. Now, if in
any people can impose upon themselves; and if it were take posse'ssion of that which beofigs to no. If we ■ the consciousness of rectitude, we are not fully pre-
not lor the high spirit and intelligence of our people,; improve the opportunity, the victory will be ours. The ! pared to encounter am this, and more, if we are not
we might distrust our success. I " tide of our affairs," is at the flcod.    Let us launch I unalterably  determined,  to  go  on   in   our   course,
When we survey the actual condition of the south- | upon it bravely, and it will assurdly " lead on to for-' " through  good  report, and through evil report,"—if
em and south-western states, however, who can fail to  tune."    But. should this glorious -pportunity be los!— i we are not firmly and unchangeably n solved, to tram-
perceive that we possess immense advantages in this ; our gallant bark, instead of riding ♦lie wbvcs in triumph, ' pie down  all  opposition—it vvouid  be better that we
contest, which, properly improved,  must, in the end,: may be driven among the breakers or dashed upon the   should stop here, and attempt to advance no further,
crown our efforts with triumphant success.    It is true, ; rocks, or at best be again  involved in those " eddies i These difficulties are thus fairly stated, not for your
we have but lew ships, but  we have ship timber in ; and shallows" from which we iray never more be able  discouragement, but that we may be fully prepared to
i abundance, of the choicest description ; and surely no ! to escape.    Even the M Pilot who weathers the storm," ; meet  them.    If we are true to ourselves, we shall
southern man can be insensible ofthe vital importance j may be compelled to "give up tie ship," when desert- i most assuredly triumph over all obstacles.    The  high
, of securing a mercantile marine, which in the future  ed by the crew and left in a condition so utterly hope-; character, intelligence, and influence, which composes
( changes and chances to which our country must soon-   less. ; this Convention, properly and zealously exerted, can
er or later be exposed, may be essential not only to our j     The measures which are deemed by the committee ' never p.e put down,    lt is certain as the rising ofthe
prosperity, but to our very existence as a free people. ! pr0per to be adopted, in order to tarry'these views in- | morrow's sun, that we shall achieve the emancipation
j We want also, it is said, commercial capital and ere-  t0 effect, are embodied in distinct propositions, which ! of the south and south-west, if we are only prepared
: dit, and cannot, it is supposed, furnish such an exten-  are iiereWitli submitted to the Convention.    Thev em-   to make the efforts necessary to the accomplishment
, sive market for foreign goods as will enable us to enter   ornce a strong and emphatic declaration of the" feel- ! of t,ic f000' work.    We shall live down the slanders
ntion, that, when the imports published by the United   '"to WCCeaafoJ competition with the cities ofthe north. < in„s an(| opjnj0„g 0f t|ie Convention, on the importance j of °»r enemies, and in rich fruits of a noble and peace
States amounted to $190,000,000, those of all the At-'', ^ow we bnsf BJ our calculations,  and rest all our  „f~a direct' import and export triple, end the duty of
lantic states south of the Potomac, and the states on ; hoP.ea' UDOn the tact \hat f ,s.tlie natura' co,,rse of | adopting all proper means for the purpose of establish-
the Gulf of Mexico, amounted to onlv 820,000,1)00; !tra,!e' tor e*™___ dw*etl9' tha productions of one   jng and pr0l)inting it.    They recommend, in the next |
and while the domestic exports of the Union amounted ; country for the productions of another; and thatall in-j p]aCP. g,ron„   earnest, and  reiterated appeals to the
h and south-west  direct and circuitous modes of intercourse, must be  onderatandini
• to 8107,000.000, the states of the south
Exported $78,000,000,
g and feelings of all the people interested,
ful victory, will find our best reward. The peculiar
institutions of the south will be fortified and strength¬
ened—the streams of a rich and varied commerce will
fertilize our soil; while diversified pursuits will slimu-
ate the industry, add to our wealth, enlarge the minds.
attended by increased expense, and be therefore less i with a view to enlist their sympathies—excite their ;and improve the character of our people.    Civilian-
South Carolina and Georgia, while furnishing ex- 'advantageous to all parties than the direct trade, j patriotism, and to call into action an enlightened pub- \ tion and refinement, the handmaids of virtue, wil
■»rts to the extent of $24,000,000, actually imported Trade> llkc "ater, always seeks its level, and unless j fe opinion in furtherance of our views. An adjourn- i adorn our land ; and the great truth will be seen, and
■ess than three millions Mid a half. The amounts have J whon °PP°sed by natural or artificial barriers, will run ! ed meeting of the Convention, to be held on the 3d | felt, and acknowledged, that of all lhe social condi-
■varied in different years, but this may be taken as an j its course m ihe shortest and most direct line, lt must i Monday in October next—an address to the people of | tions of man, the most favorable to the development
■exemplification ofthe condition of southern trade. be admitted, therefore, that but for opposing obstacles, j t|,e Have-holding states, and   the adoption of other ) of the cardinal  virtues of the heart, and the noblest
[   The mere statement of these ficts, must surely con- | w,"cl1 have beon "iterpnsed, and winch have forced i suitable  measures to secure a full representation, at i faculties of the soul, to the promotion of private bap.
■ vince any unprejudiced mind, that this unnatural state   the commerce oUhe souto out of its natural channels,] ,hai Convention, from all the slates  interested, are j piness and  public prosperity, is that of Slave Holo-
' { of affairs could only have been brought about by the !our coUon< £cc and tobacco vvouid have found their f amon? the measures recommended.    In looking to the j M» Communities   unoer  free  political  Isstitu-
■ most powerful and extraordinary causes, and that from i'narkets in Europe, by the shortest and  most direct) esseiiiial objects of providing capital and credit, as j tions—a truth hardly yet understood among ourselves,
■ the very nature of things, the effect must have been I rou*e from poutliern seaports and in southern ships; j weli as maTketg f„r nur imports, and thus laying a sure j b"t which the future  history of these states, is, we
Bhighly injurious to the southern  states.    Without at-   and ll !s eflally otn;i°us that the foreign goods received j foundation for the ultimate success of our schemes, a | trust, destined to illustrate.    Animated by these semi.
Itempting to trace all the causes which have had an
Regency in producing this result, we will merely ad-
Bvert to one of the most obvious, and which is perhaps
Hpufficient of itself to account for it; we allude to the
in exchange for these productions would have been
returned to us through the same channels. Now, can
any plausible reason be assigned why, under a system
of free trade, the exports of South Carolina and Geor-
qual action ofthe Federal Government, especially   gia—amounting, as it has been shown, to 824,000,000
in the mode of levying and disbursing the public re¬
venues.    If instead of throwing nearly the whole of
the public burdens, in the shape of duties, upon those
, foreign goods which are received almost exclusively in
. exchange for the great staples of the south, the reve-
. "nue had been levied in a direct tax, (however largely
^exceeding the wants of the government) the burden
awould have fallen at least equally upon the different,
Sportioiis of the Union.     But by the system wnicn was •
Bndopted, while the labour and capital ofthe south was
■borne down by a wei_-ht of taxation, which, in many
■instances, amounted to one-half of the whole cost of
Hjthe articles received in exchange for their productions,
the labour and capital of other portions of the Union
Hprere substantially exempt from taxation, and  even
stimulated   by enormous bounties.    Nor did the evil
. stop here.    Under lhe pretext of encouraging domestic
Hindustry, duties on foreign goods were imposed to an
jnmount greatly exceeding  the wants of the govern-
[ment.    The amounts thus brought into the treasury
[were accumulated in the northern cities, and eepecial-
Ily in New York, whence they were drawn only to be
''distributed among the  military and naval   establish-
* ments at the north; the surplus being finally divided
annually—should not be sent directly to Europe from
Charleston and Savannah? and why the foreign goods
for which they are exchanged, should not be imported
directly in return ! Our harbours are safe and com¬
modious, the voyage is shorter and safer, and the
freight less. But what is of infinitely more importance,
we actually produce the very articles which are to be
exported, and require for our own consumption the
,__.y g„,..1.. <_l.   »—--«-'. --JL i—  jjxtiinnyo   ft..   «_-._=»   <ca-
ports. Now, can any thing be conceived more unnatu¬
ral, more out of the usual and proper course of busi¬
ness, than that our cotton, which is to be exchanged
for the manufactures of England, should be first ship¬
ped to New York—there sold to the New York mer¬
chant—by him transhipped and sent to England—
Nor diil ilm evli Itnere again sold and converted into British goods—
which goods are to be first imported into New York,
and from thence forwarded into Charleston—there to
be sold to the Carolina merchant, and paid for in bills
at six per cent. Count the number of agencies em¬
ployed in this transaction; sum up the freight, insu¬
rance, commissions, profits, and other charges; con¬
sider the loss of time and the risks incident to such a
course;  and can any reasonable man entertain a doubt
series of important practical measures have been re- j ments, and influenced by these views, and with a firm
commended, which if carried into full effect, will, it; reliance upon Divine Providence, let the members of
is confidently believed, go very fur to put our mer-1this Convention now pledge themselves to each other,
chants on a footing with those of the North. An ear- and to their country, to go forward, firmly resolved, to
nest call is made upon the banks to which they can I lf,ave nothing undone that may advance our great and
hardly fail to respond ; to provide the required capital j patriotic objects. Let us be prepared to make every
and credit, by arrangements perfectly sate as to them- j personal sacrifice, and to use all just and honorable
selves, and at the same time well calculated to furnish I means, for the accomplishment of our great work-
all  the facilities, which the direct trade will require. I unalterably determined to persevere unto the end.
A plan for equalizing our domestic exchanges, and 	
keeping up the credit of our banks during the suspen- TUF CHOICE
sion of specie payments, has also b"tyi devised, which
« most ^rn--»V •»-r-   rj. j--.. (,( ^.-"ri, i mu. ^(.j,ct j Extract from the  speech of T. If. Culbrclh, Esq.
It is not to ne concealed, m—trT-nm»m-%n_       -^-   ■     n  «.i     ■  -  . • r"< 'j/V v  .<   * __•
ny trrrm,
aid and support of the bnnks, the difficulties in our
way will be greatly multiplied. It will depend upon
them, in a great measure, to determine the fa(e of our
versary of the  Maryland Slate  Colonization iVo
citty.
How slall we meet this contest?    How  shall
among pensioners and internal improvements in the I thflt lf "_» ■ lrade ca" S«™! °" V ' ? ,
same quarter, and in the west. Hundreds of millions j "**•* ™d ™fw( *■* [«' tlicre be n^f\c]e^r'
of dollars were thus drawn from the south, and ex- Pps.fl) nHlBt be infinitely more profitable? Under
pended north ofthe Potomac; and our wealth was con- similar circumstances, the capital required to carry or.
greyed from us by a steady stream, constantly flowing j the indirect trade must be much greater than that
northward, in a current as undevia.ing and irresistible wh,ich must be needed in the direct trade. Indeed,
as the Gulf Stream itself, which " knmvs no reflux." l>."(,er(.a ***** * mutual exchanges of our produc-
With this system other influences were combined, all I ^ ** lhcffi ° Lur"Pe' tllP caPl,al required, under a
having the same object in view, and tending to proJ well ordered system of commercial arrangement, vvouid
duce the same general results. On these, time I es [ *» comparatively small. Credi might, to a great ex-
not permit ns to dwell. It is sufficient for us merely _«* W^ he P?ace of c,,*lrt1' ,an?
to mention the long credits, the auction system, the I "»** be conducted on principles which
ich
could
trad^
ensure
great enterprise. In order to divert capital and credit , extinguish that incendiary torch, which has been ap
from other pursuits into the channels of commerce, an plied to the filters of slavery, and which, it not ex-
appeal is also made to planters, capitalists, and others, j anguished, will not cease its ravages, until its last
to avail themselves of the provisions of the acts ofthe j flickering flame has lighted up the melancholy wreck
Legislatures of the several states, passed during the j of our common country 1 How shall we bid hack to
last winter, authorizing limited partnerships; and it j its corrupt source that tide which has been sweeping
is recommended that the youth of our country should I over us with such desolating progress, and which
be directed to commercial pursuits, and prepared by a [ threatens to overwhelm us with ruin and destruction,
suitable education to fill the responsible station, and ' Angry reviling, bitter contentions, fierce criminations
elevate the high character of the Southern merchant, jand menacing recriminations will not answer the de-
These, and other suggestions embraced in the resolu- j sired end. Neither will it do to repose in laneied se-
tions, constitute the measures recommended to the I curity upon the sovereign rights of the individual
Convention for their adoption. It will be seen, that j states, fulminating our impotent denunciations against
they embrace a series of measures of a practical char- those who may dare to cr.^s their threshhold. The
acter, all believed to be well calculated to promote the atigry and arrogant Canute, who commanded the tu-
objects for which they are designed. It is true, that multuous waves of the ocean to be still, and its angry
we can do no more than to urge the adoption of these I tide to cease its flood, felt the sceptre which he waved
measures on the part of hinks and others interested.
But when it is recollected that this Convention is com¬
posed of near two hundred delegates, representing five
states, and one territory, and when we consider the
weight of character, influence, nnd acknowledged ta¬
lents of those who compose it, and when above all we
in obedience to his command to have lost its kingly
power, while the wiser ship boy, rocked in the cradle
of the tempestuous deep, poured oil upon its troubled
waters and smoothed its angry billows. Milder mea¬
sures must be resorted to—where they act, we mu.-t
counteract; where they mine, we must countermine;
remember that they are engaged in a matter of deep . when they speak of the blessings of liberty and the
centralization ofthe exchanges, Mid the concentration Ito [h}e Planter the largest profits on his crops, and his \pUmc concern, involving the welfare, prosperity, and I wrongs of shivery and demand its abolition, we must
of the whole petronure, power and influence of the I supplies at the lowest rates; while the merchant, the , honor of the 8tate8t it can hnrdiy  be believed  that , hold  up to the admiration of the world, the peaceful
""' ' '    "   '   " ' '      their deliberate opinions   and   earnest recommenda- j and happy colony which we have planted, and invigo-
tions can be will.out effect.    Our chief dependance j rate our efforts to extend its blessed influences.    Sir,
vhole patronage, power and influence of the ■"«»«•« •--_»-.--. »«--,  ™».«*•-»--«—»-, -»-
lent in favour of the north, and especially of | ^hip owner, and every other class in the community,
of New York-causes of themselves abun- ! W0'.U1 Participate largely in the advantages ot such a
governm
the city «.
dantly  sufficient to   secure  them  those  advantages j trade .
against which we so long struggled in vain. The ca- \ But let this direct intercourse be once established,
lami-iea under which the south laboured, under the aml fP,tal *_»¥ conflow in from all quarters, to
operation of this system, belong to that class which one "Pr** any deficiency that might be found to exist,
ofthe ablest writers on political economy has declared |' hf great law of demand and supply, would not leave
to be worse than "barrenness of the soil and the in- »s k,n£ wthout a money capita, fully adequate to all
clemency of the heavcns"_for if our fields were fer- \ fe operations of trade     So with regard to the market
__,        f*.     , -,-    .  t, „ i „. ___ _•   • for foreign goods, which under this system would be
tile and the heavens propitious, the harvest was lor ■     ,   . ,1 .      _-». ■  •     .1
_,        .,    ■     ,    . f. '  ,        ,,      ,    , t „_,„„•»  received at our southern seaports.    Obtaining them, as
those "who had reaped  where they had not sown.
Under these circumstances, so far from its being a
matter of surprise, it vvas the result almost of an in- - , ., , ,   ...___... ,,, ,,,„.,,.,
vincible necessity, that the commerce of the south and unquestionably be able to dispose of them on advan-1 tory.    Now  WP have five statPS an(] one territory re- ; 0f their publications.    When they declaim against the
south-west should be thrown into the hands of the tageo,u^ ,er,ms at least to the extent ot our own de-, presented by 180 members.    The proceedings of that, crying injustice of slavery and talk ofthe equal .rights
northern  merchants, that  the  exchanges  should  be mand. for lhose ?oods5 and this alone would increase   assembly have gone abroad, and wherever ihey have | 0f all men to the fruits of their labour, and  demand
centralized at New York, and that we should be ren- our dlrect importations to hve or six times their pre- , beon rrceivod, have produced a powerful influence on ' that we should liberate our slaves unconditionally and
dered tributary to our northern brethren.    To show sent amount.    U only the consumption of the south   pllb|ic opinion, of which we have the most gratifying ' on the spot, we can point to the coast of Africa and
thnt we have not mistaken the character or natural was supplied  through  her own  ports,  this ot  itself, evidence in the  legislation of several states on one i exhibit a hardy, industrious and thrifty population, with
effect ofthe causes which we have mentioned, we will vv;ould cr^atP a.revolution in our trade, which would , or- lheir recommendations, and the increased interest  growing intelligence, walking erect upon their native
advert to one among many facts, illustrative ofthe change the entire face of the country, and pour a flood j every where felt in the subject of their deliberations.   ! soil, redeemed from  that thraldom of the mind and
truth of our position!   Before the introduction of the of  we"j" a"d pn*»P"'Jy through every part of our       Thus enc0uraged, we should  go on in that confi-  consciousness of inferiority more degrading and more
Drotectin" duties, a lar<re and profitable trade was ac- ,an.u-   ^ ll 1S °ne ot U'e moJ jmP°»-nl and inler-1 dence, which a good cause should never fail to inspire. : intolerable than the thraldom of the body, governed
tually carried on between the cities of the south and !!^^rf^J^jS^^S^!!S^Ii^ I *?ut to secure s^cccss' *5 must.be PrePared to make | by laws enacted by themselves and subject to tribunals
after all, however, must be upon public opinion; but j I look  upon  the plan which has been adopted by the
we have too much confidence in the truth and justice ' state of Maryland, of colonizing her free people of
of our cause to entertain a doubt of our success, if color upon the coast of Africa, and encouraging by her
every member of this assembly will regard it as his j legislation their emigration thither, not only as a duty
own personal concern, as well as sacred duty, which j which   we   owe   to   the   unfortunate   class of  per-
he owes to himself, his posterity, and his country, to 'sons whose, reformation is contemplated, but as an ef-
use his utmost efforts to  advance  the great   work, j fective peace offering on this exciting subject.    Every
Judging from the past, we have no cause to distrust   slave-holding state "should imitate her commendable
.the future.    Six months ago the first meeting of the ! example.    It reconciles all  conflicting opinions.    It
we should be able to do, at less cost than they cou d ; Convention took place at Augusta.    It was composed j blunts the edge of the appeals which are made to us
possibly by procured  through  New York, we would | of g0 members representing two states and one terri- ; by the abolitionists.    It takes off the incendiary effect
the ports of Europe, by southern merchants and in  nected with the extension of our intercourse with the | the necessary efforts.    Of one thing we maybe as- rf their own formation
For several years prior to 1807, for   ,nt?nor of ,onr 00jf»*7. *f.«**"* rnttVwndg, CMah
southern ships
instance, our imports into the city of Charleston
amounted to several millions of dollars annually.
From this period, under the operation of the restric¬
tive system, they gradually dwindled down to less than
half a million. From the peiiod, however, when the
American system received a fatal blow, and the gov¬
ernment commenced retracing its steps, back to the
free trade system, our imports began to increase, and
have been steadily increasing ever since, thus showing
conclusively the true sources of southern depression
on the one hand, and southern prosperity on the other.
Freedom is the very element of the south, in which
" she lives, and moves, and has her being." Freedom
in "all the pursuits of industry" is essential to our
well being. We look back to the fact with surprise,
that a people possessed of such vast advantages should
and turnpikes. A connection between the south and
the west, by the various schemes now in progress in
Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Ala¬
bama, will furnish an outlet for all the goods that can
be received from abroad in exchange for our produc¬
tions. And when the great west shall find a market
and receive her supplies through the seaports of the
south, a demand will be furnished, the extent and
value of which cannot be too largely estimated. Let
these various schemes, therefore, for the extension of
our interior connections, be prosecuted with a zeal and
energy worthy of the object. Let no unworthy jeal¬
ousies, no narrow, or merely sectional views, disturb
that harmony of feeling and concert of action which
are so essential to success.
Now look upon this picture
sured, that this great victory cannot be easily achieved. | and then at this ! Which think you is most calculated
It is the order of a wise and beneficial providence that to take captive public opinion and enlist public sympa-
nothing truly great or good can be attained without thy ? Can there be a doubt of the answer? These
pains and labour. fanatic abolionists come to us with abstract notions of
This is the price which must be paid to secure sue- the natural equality of all men and demand that we
cess; and if we are not prepared to make the neces- should liberate our slaves uncrnditioually and imme-
sary exertions, we must yield the prize. Nor can our diately. Sir, if they vvouid come amongst us, if they
mighty work be accomplished in a day. All essential ' vvouid visit the slave-holding states, they would see at
changes in the condition of a country, must be worked once the superiority of the colonization scheme to the
out by slow degrees. VVe may be assured, that noth- dangerous doctrines which they inculcate, even on the
ing short of a high resolve, which no opposition can score of benevolence. They would make them free,
move; a devoted zeal, proof against all discourage- yet leave them more abject slaves than they are ; they
ments, and an untiring perseverance, which shall rise would make them happy yet leave them miserable,
superior to all difficulties, can enable us, to work out Theyjvvould invest them with the privilege sof freemen,
"political salvation." Let us not deceive ourselves yet leave them with the mark of Cain upon their brows,
then, with the vain belief, that our progress in this They come to us preaching peace on earth, and good
There are some circumstances connected with the   wor|. wj]l be every where cheered by the approving  will towards men, and yet would involve us in all the
have so long and so patiently submitted to a state al- present condition of the country, which may serve to smiles of our country, and the cordial support of our 1 calamities of a servile strife. They come to the poor
most of "colonial vassalage," and we hesitate not to animate our zeal, encourage our efforts, and urge us to fellow citizens. Conscious that we are actuated by slave with the offer of mercy, and yet would envelope
say that the page in our history which shall record the that prompt action on which our success may de- j the purest motives and that " all the ends we aim at, him with the fatal shirt of Nessus, covering but to de-
rise and progress ofthe American system, (so called) pend. ; are our country's," we must nevertheless be prepared 6troy. Sir, I repeat, let them come among us, let them
will be regarded hereafter as disreputable to the intel- ■ Our great staple has now become " the common for all manner of opposition. The measures we pro- go to the habitations of the wealthy slave-holdeis and
ligence of the age, and the public spirit and virtue of currency of the world." lt is the great medium pose come into conflict with too many deeply rooted then to the miserable hovel ofthe free negro and draw
the American people. But, happily for our prosperity, of exchange, regulating and controlling, to a con- prejudices, and too many adverse interests, to enable a lesson from the contrasted pictures. In the one,
I?end we will add, for the peace and harmony of the siderable extent, the commercial operations both of' us to hope, that even our motives shall escape detrac- around the expiring embers of a stolen fire, he finds a
■Union, this system has been broken down, we trust < Europe and America. During the suspension of specie tion and our purposes misrepresentation. We have numerous progeny of naked and half-starved children,
! and believe for ever; and we are coming back, by slow j payments, it affords almost the only means of obtain- those around us, whose prospects in life, in a great  born in sin and nursed in corruption, with the evil ex¬
ample of vicious parents before them; in % ,? '
he sees the slaves well fed, well clad, uncaring tor tne
morrow ; and more than all, contented with their con¬
dition. And this last picture is the well enough whicn
they will not let alone. This is the condition that
they would better by unloosing the slave from th
care and protection which his master has ever extend¬
ed over him, and turning him upon the community,
without understanding the first obligations of a citizen,
to do as his licentious ideas of his newborn liberty may
prompt hiin. This is the bright scene of contentment
and happiness which they would mar and destroy, and
in return for a mere abstraction would take off the
fetters from the body of the slave to bind them upon
his immortal mind.
Sir, I had not intended to have occupied your tune
thus long. One or two more words and then I shall
have done. The plan which has been adopted by the
State of Maryland of independent state action for the
purpose of colonization has already began to develope
its happy and glorious results. She has not only rid
herself of a portion of that population, who, while they
remained within her borders would have continued an
incubus upon the community and a source of anxious
apprehension, but she has elevated their moral and in¬
tellectual character and made them free indeed. The
colony which she has planted is in a flourishing and
prosperous condition Bnd the colonists arc contented
and rejoiced at their emancipation. Let her go on in
this good work; rather than abate let her increase her
efforts, and when the colony which she has settled
shall have become firmly and enduringly established,
with self-sustaining resources sufficient for any con¬
ceivable progression in wealth and population, settled
with a hardy, industrious and self-relying people, with
a government of their own choice and laws of their
own enactment, and a commerce adequate to all their
wants, then she will have planted upon lhe distant
coast of Africa a more enduring monument of glory
than the world has ever seen, and the poor emancipat¬
ed African, as he gathers his little flock around his
happy and contented fireside and recounts to them the
tale of his former degradation in which they would
have been born had it not been for the benevolent ef-
foris of this Society and others founded upon similar
principles, will teach their infant lips to lisp a blessing
upon Maryland, and even he himself in the overjoy oi
bk heart, will thank his God for that temporary servi¬
tude which has worked for him such an exceeding and
precious reward of liberty.
MISSIONARY CHRONOLOGY.
The following list, from the London Christian's
Penny Magazine, includes only the British Societies:
America, it should be remembered, was first colo¬
nized by missionary efforts, commencing in 16*20, from
which several institutions) arose; among which are to
he reckoned "The Incorporate Society for Promoting
Christian Knowledge," formed in 169H, and a branch
of this, denominated "The Society for the Propaga¬
tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts." These arose out
ofthe First Bible Society, formed in 1670, at whose
Company for Propagating the Gospel in New "En gland
and the parts adjacent in America," in 1663, whose
principal founders were the Rev. Richard Baxter,
Henry Ashworth, Esq. and the Hon. Robert Boyle.
1709. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland.
\732. The Moravian Missions commenced.
17'36. Rev. John Wesley went a missionary to
Georgia.
17:37. Rev. G. Whitfield went to join Mr. Wesley.
1750. The Book Society for Promoting Religious
Knowledge among the Poor. This was a kind of Bi¬
ble Society; and as its subscribers receive back their
amount of subseription in the most valuable religious
books, chosen by themselves, at a reduced price, wilh
liberty to purchase any amount at the price, we re¬
commend it to tbe consideration of all our readers.
1780. The Naval and Military Bible Society.
1784 and 1817. In the former year, Mr. Wesley, in
Conference, determined on sending assistance to Ame¬
rica, and various labours were undertaken in the West
Indies, under the direction of Dr. Cooke; but in tho
latter year, the Methodist Missionary Society waa
formed.
1785. The Sunday School Society was formed.
1792. The Baptist Missionary Society.
1795. The London Missionary Society.
1796. The Scottish Missionary Society.
1706. The Village Itinerancy, or Evangelical Asso¬
ciation for spreading the gospel in England.
1796. The London Itinerant Society.
1797. The Baptist Home Missionary Society.
1709. The Religious Tract Society.
1800. The Church Missionary Society.
1803. The Sunday School Union.
1804 The British and Foreign Bible Society.
1805. The British and Foreign School Society.
1806. The London Hibernian Society.
1 "08. The Society for Promoting Christianity amon_?
the Jews. 6
1812. The Prayer-book and Homily Society.
1814. The Irish Evangelical Society.
1816. The Irish Society.
1«18. The Port of London Society for Promoting
Religion among the British and P'oreign Seamen.
1819. The Home Missionary Society.
1822. The Irish Society of London.
1823. The Ladies' Hibernian Female School So¬
ciety.
1825. The Christian Instruction Society.
1828. The British Society for Promoting the Reli¬
gious Principles of the Reformation.
CHARACTER OF THE PRESENT PRIMP
MINISTER OF ENGLAND.
The following sketch of Lord Melbourne, from no
unfriendly hand, is given in a new publication, called
the Monthly Chronicle, edited by Mr. E. L. Bui we •
—" Brought up from his youth in the intimacy and the
principles of Charles Fox, giving promise of no ordi¬
nary ability in the commencement of his career 1     H
Melbourne came into office late in life when com_a ed
with the majority of politicians equal to himself mta
lents and social position.    To this he owed a certain
freedom of thought and  largeness of understanding
rarely to be found among men whose early years have
been passed amidst the minutiae of official labor     To
this too he owed that leisure which had gifted a re
fleetive and inquiring mind with very various and even
profound acquirements.    A gracer_l and erudite scho
lar, with a natural tendency to mediate and reason on
the materials which his industry had collected of cool
and wary judgment, and endowed with a keen'insiahr
into the motives and characters of men  he dossp-    1
many of the qualities which, if his ambition had been
directed towards a less turbulent career, might have
distinguished him as a philosopher and historian    But
his disposition did not lead him to exaggerate the ad
vantages of his own acquirements; nor indeed ha_ hi_
administration been marked, by that fever towards men