The Colonization herald and general register

              ecu l
■_
\
AND GENERAL REGISTER.
CONDUCTED BY   THE   PENNSYLVANIA   AND  NEW  fORK  COLONIZATION  SOCIETIES.
WHATSOEVER VE WOULD THAT MEN SHOULD DO TO VOJ, DO VE EVEN SO TO THEM.
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Vol. I.—NEW SERIES.
P11II-ADEI.PII1A,   WEDNESDAY,  APRIL   IS,   1838
r¥(fc   1©.
speech of lord BROUGHAM in the house of lords   was the plan.    But the boon  held out in order to
quicken the diligence of the commanders was, not
only that they should share in the proceeds of each
ve.-sel captured and condemned as a price, but that a
certain sum of money per head, and therefore called
head-money, should be paid for each slave taken. That
was granted for the purpose of quickening the dili
ON NEGRO SLAVERY, AND THE SLAVE TRADE.
Lord Brougham rose to present a petition on the
subject of Negro Slavery from the town of Leeds. The
signatures to the petition amounted to between 16.000
and 17,000 and looking to the great respectability of
the names that were appended to it, he believed that gence'annual'of '^CTOU^in"_*8^rform__e* of
lt spoke the unanimous opinion on this subject of the U)js excei]ent omce_the capture and emancipation of
inhabitants of that part of the kingdom. The peti-' these unfortljnate s]aves. Now, it must be admitted,
tioners complained that the proprietors of slaves bad al first sifTht) that this additional inducement tot!©
not taken those steps with respect to the emancipation rapt„re of slavrs would seem like]y t0 profj,lce a bene-
ofthenegroes which, under compact they had entered g.j., eff„ct But ,et thpjr lordshi s mark how ,hi-
into with the country, they ought to have done After ad(|itinnai inducement had operated. It did not relax
haying profited to the amount of upwards of 18,000,- the diligence of those who commanded the cruisers
000 of money, all of which they had obtained under, a~ainst the desperate miscreants to whose hands this
the name of compensation for some loss which it was lraffic of mllrtier Hm| fe|ony WM intrustec]. it did not
expected their property would sustain in consequence re|ax their vi_-ilar.ee in capturing slave-ships; but it had
of the projected alteration, all of which had been voted this effect—that for the purpose of obtaining the largest
by the Parliament in the confiding spirit and firm be- ! pnssibIe sum of head-money the cruisers had a direct
lief that the sum so voted was nothing more nor less ; and evident interest in not capturing the slave vessel
than a compensation  for apprehended   loss—for not  (how st _n(| povverpui   snever  tne  proof  mjght
1,000,000, not 1/, not Is., would have been voted if; bo that pho W8_ fiUe(] out for am] en„a„ed in that ne_
such a loss had not been apprehended ; after all this, | farJ0l]S traffic) tj]1 _|ie |)ad intQ      t a|l(]      t he_
it turned out that the proprietors had received their | M car?0"_he ?upposcd he must so call it-of human
20,000,000/. of money, or were in the course of receiv- bejn_s on board_ti!1 bhe vvas rf,ady to insult the hid¬
ing 20,000,000u. of the money of the people of En- wayof nationB and to proceed with that trade of pin-
gland, in compensation of, if he mi^ht use the phrase, cv;murder, and robbery in which she was engaged,
a profit-not of a loss; they had profited by free labour, ^0 that it was the interest, the clear interest, of the
and their lands had increased in value by several years | cruiser that the 6iavr.Bnjp should have these unhappy
purchase.    Many of those Who wereparties to tins | boin?g on boar__lnat 8ne shol,|d have completed her
cargo of slaves—that she should sail with that cargo
petition were his own personal friends, and he could j
say that they stated nothing for their own sikes; all'
they did was for the pure sake of justice and humanity.
They prayed that the system of slavery which now
existed—that of allowing apprentices by indenture—
should be put an end to as soon as possible, that was
to say, on the 1st of August, 1839. He now begged
leave to give notice, in presenting this petition, and
13 other petitions, from different parts of the country,
with the same prayer, that he should, as soon ns the
more pressing question of Canada was got out of that
house in one way or other, then name an early day to
brin<r before their lordships a proposition for the pur¬
pose of enabling their lordship* to accede to the pray¬
ers of these numerous and respectable petitioners.
Agreeing, as he did, in the sentiments of these peti¬
tioners, he could not help noticing a material differ¬
ence between the claimed redress, and ano'her griev¬
ance, the subj-ct of which he felt it to be his bounden
duty to bring before their lordships. That difference
was, that whereas objections might be taken to some
of the powers and provisions of the Slavery Emanci¬
pation Act—that whereas some might complain that,
they did not go to the right length in effecting the ob¬
ject which they had in view—that they had stopped
short ofthe proper mode of dealing with negro slavery
—that whereas some might hold that their fair hopes
had been frustrated, and their just expectations disap¬
pointed, by the conduct or tne planters—ihat they
might complain that the undoubted right of the conn
try f>r a return for .£20,000,000 of money, taken from
the country, had been evaded by the proceedings of
the local Legislatures, and that, therefore, not enough
had been done for the emancipation of the slaves—
that wluit had been effected fell very far short of that
measure by which all men's hopes and views and just
expectations had been pointed ; nevertheless, it could
not be asserted that what had been done had not all
proceeded in the right direction. It was therefi>re, a
difference of degree, and of degree nlone, that formed
the subject, at present, of universal and just complaint.
The complaint in this instance was that too long a
period had been prescribed for the complete emancipa¬
tion of the negroes ; it was, that too much suffering still
weighed on the victims of our avarice and selfishness
in the West India colonies; that too little had been
done there, that more ought to have been done; that
they had not relaxed the system sufficiently. That
was the gross amount of charge. But no one attempt¬
ed to say that in v» hat had been done they had not
taken the right direction. It might be said, looking at
the succession of proceedings which had taken place,
that they had not stood still in their course—that they
had done nothing to make slavery more burdensome,
more bitter, more revolting, than it before was—that
they had acted in conformity with the wishes of their
humane, and thinking, and considerate countrymen.
But if it were averred, that notwithstanding the mea¬
sure of 1833, slavery had been extended—that men
had been reduced to captivity who before were free
men—that instead of its horrors being lightened the
wretchedness of slavery had increased—that those
limbs which we were anxious to free from galling
chains have been loaded with fetters more galling,—
would there not have been from every part of this em¬
pire, nay from every part of the civilized world, a
burst of indignation at the.conlinuance of such cruel¬
ties!
from the African coast—and that till then she should
not be captured : much less was her commander to be
prevented from committing the crime of taking those
creatures on board by a premature interference. No;
the cruiser was to wait until the crimnal act was com¬
pleted, because until it was completed the right to
head-money could not attach to the capture. The ves¬
sel then woes fitted up with all the horrible means of
carrying on its felonious traffic. It had abundance of
chains and fetters fir the intended victims of avarice,
it had cms which hardly ever fired twice without
bursting; for such articles did the nat;ves sell their
wives and children, and often their neighbours, when
they could succeed in entrapping them. Thus fitted,
the vessel goes out on her voyage. He did not charge
the officers of the cruisers with giving encouragement
to the sla ve-shi|<s, but he did say that no st^'p was taken
by the authorities on the coast, no step was taken by
the cruisers, to prevent the cargo, as the captives were
called, from being put on board. The statement
which he was about to submit to their lordships he
had on authority which could not for an instant be
doubted—that of Mr. Laird, the Companion of Mr. Old-
field, and unfortunately now only survivor of an at¬
tempted journey into the inteiior of Africa. Accord-
to his statement, it appeared that the cruiser did not
go to the port where the slaver was about to take in
her cargo. Tin; effect nf thnr would br. that thrmm
would not be brought down, and of course if there
were no slaves captured, there would be no head-
money to be received by the crew of the cruiser. The
practice of the cruiser was, that when she was in¬
formed of a slaver taking in a cargo in any particular
harbour, she put out to sea to such a distance ns that
she could barely keep the harbour in sight, while she
herself could not be seen from lhe harbour. She there
watches the slaver, and gives chase the moment she
comes in siirht; and here came an inevitable exasper¬
ation of the miseries to which the unhappy slave was
subjected. It was well known that the great object
in the construction and outfitting of a slave-ship is
swiftness of sailing; to this every consideration, he
would not say of humanity for the slave, for he was
not so absurd as to expect any thing humane from
those employed in this mystery of iniquity, as the slave
trade had been called, but every consideration he might
say of even the safety of the ship itself was sacrificed.
The slaver was not constructed on the principle which
with respect to all vessels carrying passengers had
been rendered necessary by a bill which had passed
the Legislature some years ago. She was made in
every way for rapid sailing, and was only broad enough
to give her a hold of the water with her sails set.
There was no consideration whatever for the misery
endured by the slaves who were pissed in between
decks by absolute pressure, as if they were dead goods.
That was one cause of the misery they endure; but
there was ano'her to which he could not refer without
a degree of horror which he felt it impossible to de¬
scribe, and which he was hopeless of impressing on
their lordships in its true colours, though he had made
up his mind to narrate it as it had been mentioned to
him—and this horrible practice was also to be traced
up to the system of head-money allowed on the recap
sure, and that such a mode of fastenip? would be Well-united monarchy of Spain in the old world ! iniquity be passed, and every principality, and every
adopted to facilitate the escape of the shvo in case of (Cheers and laughter.) He hoped there was now to human authority be destroyed, and God be all in all.
fire or of shipwreck; but nothingof this liiid was done, be an end of these things, that they would blench and i It seems then that St. Austin was inclined to place
There was no padlock. The fetters wire riveted by falter and quail no longer, and that one of the most political vassala.e and domestic sevitude under the
the smith before thev came on board, ind were con-; distinguishing glories of the present reign would be same category, and to assign both the same origin or
tinued on until they were brought to the market to be the putting down of this infamous and accursed traffic. ■ cause. The good bishop seems to have thought too,
sold. Another object of the fetters was, that when it (Hear.) He would not surround the throne of their that the only perfect cure for these, and their kindred
became necessary to throw parties ovrrto lighten the young Queen so much with the triumphs of armies, evils, is the restoration of man to the purity in which
ship, they when cast in, fetters and all, vould have the and The glories of war. He would not build it upon j the first of our race was created. To this end Chris-
les- chance of escape. To lessen that -hance weiehts | military or naval greatness. He would have it found- j tianity was given—to this object it tends, and will ul-
were sometimes added,—for the negro,with the Her- ed upon the broad and solid basis of rights established, I timately reach. But it works not like the whirlwind,
culean strength which he generally po-sessed, and of liberties extended, of humanity protected, and of, nor like the earthquake, uprooting or ingulphing, the
from that facility of swimming which rave him a sort justice promulgated to the whole world. (Cheers.) ■ institutions of civil society, imperfect or wrong though
of amphibious nature, could easily, if left to his own He would have it go down to the latest posterity that i they be, but with the transforming power of truth, and
unfettered exertions, support himself ii the waves tin- their young Queen, in the first vear of her reign, had of love, and ofthe Spirit of God.
til the pursuing schooner came up, f.nd if taken on adorned her country—had fortified her throne—had j
board would prove a most important witness against embellished her crown by putting an end to the worst j
those who had torn him from his native home; to pre j of crimes, by gaining the greatest triumphs that man
vent this the weights were added, which sunk him ! had ever won, in putting down the greatest of crimes
before aid could arrive: but that wis not the only ] that man had ever committed.    (Cheers.)
mode of lightening ihe vessel.    Sometimes three hu-i 	
man beings were packed closely in a cask, which was |
thrown over with weights attached to it, and one slaver j CAPTURE OF A SLAVER,
which was pursued had before she was captured j gy tne kind attention of a friend we have received
thrown over 12 such casks, each closely packed with bv maji tne "Cornwall Chronicle," ofthe 6th ult,
human beings. In another instance two slave-ships published at Montego Bay, on the Island of Jamaica,
which were chased had had up wan.'., of 500 slaves on ; West Indies, from which we learn the capture of the
board, every one of whom met a vatery grave. Let, schooner Arragon, which arrived in that port on the
not their lordships imagine that this was a fancy , Sunday evening previous, havintr on board THREE
sketch. It was unhappily, a detaii of facts which he j HUNDRED AND FIFTY SLAVES! The Arra-
had received from a gallant officer who was for some j „.on was captured by Capt Milne, of H. M. Schooner
lime a Commodore on the Western African stntion. j Snake, after a chase of six hours, off Cape Antonio, on
But he had not yet stated all. The sharks seemed to ! lr,e 23d of November last. The master of the slaver,
know this scene of bloodshed, and it was a fact which j wrio is said to be rather a good looking man", procured
was stated to him on  the same good nuthority, that i bjs cnLrgo from abont ,he Gallenas, near Sierra Leone,
they followed the slave-ship from the port, and  the   The captives are chiefly young men and young wo-
ture of slaves.    Their lordships were aware of a prac-
. ,, tice which existed in this country for many vears of
Would not those fetters have been broken and aHowin- certain reWards for the conviction of felons
destroyed in an hour? Yet, such was the grievance, I of „ partici)iar class> WBicj, reWards were not unaptly
not of degree, but of positive unmitigated evil, which | termed « blood-money." One effect of that bad prac-
he had to bring before their lordships. He had not to I tJCR was ,0 canse the commission in many caSPS of the
•how to their lordships that negro slavery, much.as off,,nces which it WBS jntended by severity of punish-
they had paid for the boon, was neverthe ess not abol- > ment to prevent. Parties were sometimes inveigled
ished ; he had not to show that the yoke of slavery I into crime for the sake of U)e reward on their convic.
was less light than it was in 1833-no; what he had j tion     He did not that fhe       ,em of head_
to call their attention to was, that the slave trade, in . m would have t|)C fiwt effect of the b|ood-m..ney,
all its infamy, was at the present mo-i.ent going on, , for he did not beIieve t,,at the cruisers created in any
and flourishing, and extending to a most lamentable , vvay the crime wbich thoy WPre intended to prevent;
degree. What he wished to call their lordships at-; but b]0od-money had another effect A man by whose
tention to was the fact that that cruel and disgraceful . conviction lhe reward wa8 to bo obtained, was allowed
traffic, which had been denounced by the voice of every j t0 0 on in the commission of crime on the ground
enlightened nation throughout Europe had become,; ,hat he was not t of „ wei_ht enough » and his
under the clumsy and preposterous course which they ; crimpg were conni£ed at until he became, as the phrase
had adopted, more and more flourishing, more and wpnt of sufficient weight. He feared that the system
more extensive, that daily more and more cruelties of head.money had an effect somewhat analogous on
were practised-that, in fact, to supply the market | ,h_ cruiserSi The slaver was an„wed to proceed in
those who were embarked in this accursed traffic were ,ier illfamous course umil she was of sufficient weight
tearing out the bowels of the African continent! lie __tnat m ut)tj, head-money could be obtained. He
meant not to speak of the policy with respect to this ; |10w came to anotlier part of this enormous system of
subject, which had been pursued by ministers, or by robb and murdeTi When a siave.ship was chased
their predecessors, nor would he say any thing as to  b rf our cruiserS) her officers and crew debated
the pains which had been taken to put on end to this . with themselves whether they should lighten their
system ; but he would lay before their lordships a state-; vesgel) and try an(j . back ^ th_ t from whjch
ment of facts, and he would say that he did not know , the startedt and there lace the bpgof t of their
of those facts himself till within the last 43 hours, carg0) or whether they should try and get across the
otherwise he should not have slept on his pillow one Atlantic with even a part of thejr car„06 Tneir ]ord.
night without calling the attention of Parliament and ghip8 were not aware ofthe tPrrible amount of human
of the country to this most enormous and scandulotis 6urTeririg jnvolved in the words " with even a part" of
abuse. Their lordships would recollect when, in 1807 ; llieir Parg0. In tryjng to p e tbe pnrsujng cruiser
and 1808, an effort was made to put an end to the | the f]ave captain  be„ins hy ]i;ihtening his ship by
throwing overboard the heaviest of the negroes, who
slave trade,—certain acts were then passed by the
American Congress, and it was but justice to say that
that body showed an anxious desire to put an end to
the trade at the earliest hour the constitution of the
United States would permit it. He should now point
out what was the inevitable consequence of the plan
then agreed upon.    The plan was, he believed, to con
are as valueless to him as any lumber on board. Men,
women, and children were thus thrown overboard
without remorse and in numbers proportioned to the
distance which the pursuing ship might be gaining on
him. The slaves were thrown over with the fetters
placed on them before they were brought on board
fine the right of capture on the coast ot slave vessels, (eUers which were considered necessary, first, for the
whether belonging to British or American subjects protection of the crew against the multitudes of the
(afterwards French, Spanish, and Portuguess were   Bj and a]s0 to prevent attempts at suicide, to
included.) The plan was to confine the right of search , which the glaves were ever rrad t0 regort) if an op.
and seizure, and bringing into port for condemnation, I portunitv presented itself on their voyage. It might
ships taken in this employment to the cruisers of the ; be supposed that these fetters were fastened with a
United States and His MajeBty ■ vessels of war. lhat  p^^ which the captain could unfasten at bis plea-
track of that ship could be traced across the Atlantic
by the blond of her murdered victims hurled into the
otenn to facilitate the escape of the vessel from its
pursuers. He knew he had said enough to impress on
their lordships some notion of the atrocities of this
horrid system, but were he disposed to go into detail,
he could say more. The authority to whom he had
alluded had beheld these with hor-or and disgust, and
with almost shame at having thr same human form
with the beings of whose acts he was speaking; he
had witnessed scenes of which I le public ear could
not bear tho disclosure—scenes --hich he would not
then attempt to paint in detail, but which he would
venture to Fay had never been stroassed by any cruel¬
ties committed in either hemisptare by all the blood¬
stained, gold-defiled annals of Si .in and Portugal in
tho new world, in ages gone by, id from which those
nations had earned an unenvia le name of infamy,
surpassing those earned by the n'ist sordid and cruel
of the human race. He (Lord B ougham) would add,
that it had been his painful lot to witness scenes with
which lhe most cruel results of Spanish avarice in the
new world would have sunk t almost levity in the
comparison—scenes which he, if ■  ihi defy the history
Of any diner country vu rqnm, miu ..; _. l„,i -f,t l_-.^n
exceeded by the great poet of Italy in his wildest fan¬
cies when peopling the infernal regions with creatures
of his own fertile imagination, in tints so dark as had
not been surpassed by his own great countryman, when
he said—
" Mortua qnin etiam jungebat corpora vivis."
It had happened more than once—it was a thing of
not unfrequent occurrence thpt where one of two fet
tered slaves died on board, the corpse was left bound to
the survivor who envied the lot that put an end to his
miseries. The mother is allowed to bring forth the
fruit of her womb on the bare deck of the vessel, sur¬
rounded by the decaying corpses of her fellow slaves.
If he were asked to what he ascribed those enormities,
he would say, to the system of head-money on the re¬
cap; tire of slaves; if he were called on for his proof
of their existence, he would say, it was to bn found
in the testimony of most respectable officers in Her
Majesty's service. His witnesses were the captain,
lieutenant, and commodore of the cruisers. He would
ask whether those officers were ever successful 1
Whether they were always vigilant! Whether lhe
slavers never escape? He found upon examination
that tbe amount of the importation of slaves into the
new world was as large, as steady, as it had ever been,
and did not show the slightest diminution or even ap¬
pearance of decrease. This he knew, that the sea
risk was now become matter of certain calculation.
The premium of insurance on an African 6lave-ship
at the Ilavannah, the last time he had an opportunity
of seeing the returns, was only 12 per cent., which
deducting 4 per cent for sea risk and the underwriters
profit, left the value of the sea-risk insurance at only
8 per cent. He bad also seen the quotations from Rio,
which were much less, being only 11 per cent in all,
which, deducting sea risk and underwriter's profit,
would leave only 7 per cent. He (Lord Brougham)
knew that at one time there were in one year, 1835,
eighty-five slave ships fitted out at the Ilavannah, of
which seventy-five returned safe to the Havaniiah.
The number varied from 175 to 700, this average giv¬
ing 28,000 imported into the Ilavannah in the year
1836. After the dreadful treatment to which ihese
slaves were subjected, and which he had detailed to
their lordships, and the risk which they ran of being
thrown overboard in chise, there were, horrible to re¬
late, 500 in one vessel and 780 in anotlier. He did
not speak vaguely when he said that in one single
month, the month of December, 1836, there arrived at
Rio, in two vessels, called the Felicidade and the El
men, below twenty years of age, and a number of very
young boys and girls. The between decks, where
these unfortunate creatures were stowed, something
like packed herrings, is represented as being only
three feet high, which must have been as suffocating
as the black hole of Calcutta. The human cargo on
deck were found squatting in numerous close rows, in
a state of entire nudity. A irloom of patient suffering
seemed to mark their countenances, which was bright¬
ened up a little when they began to realize their
changed condition, but still they did not even then
seem divested of something like despair. Many of
them, however, could scarcely use their limbs, from
the continual crouching or squatting posture of sitting I among their slaves as among their enemies,
between decks, manacled as they usually are.    Others | _T
For the Colonization Herald.
SKETCHES OF SLAVERY.
The Lacedemonians, it is said, were the first who
introduced slavery among the Greeks, by reducing to
that condition their prisoners of war. They were bar¬
barous enough to condemn the Helots to perpetual
slavery, and to forbid their masters either to emanci¬
pate them, or sell them out of the country. The other
people of Greece treated slaves with more lenity. Tho
Athenians in particular, according to Xenophen, pun¬
ished with severity him who beat the slave of another
person.
The early Romans treated their slaves with remark¬
able lenity. They lived wilh them—laboured with
them—ate with them—in fact treated them as com¬
panions. They encouraged the marriage of their slaves.
Slaves who possessed talents were sometimes liberally '
taught. Terence and Phrcdrus are examples. Every
slave might have hispeculium or little treasure ; which
he possessed under such conditions as his master im¬
posed. These slaves often acquired the means of pur¬
chasing their freedom, and of becoming citizens, and
thus contributed to the increase and the strength of
the republic.
Afterwards, when the Romans hod aggranized them¬
selves by conquests and rapine, their slaves ceased to
be their companions. They were then made subser¬
vient to their luxury and pride, and consequently the
condition of the slave was totally changed. They
were regarded as the vilest part of the nation, and
treated with great inhumanity. Cruel laws were ne¬
cessary to the safety of these cruel masters, who lived
were eating something with rice and broken biscuits—
one or two were in a dying state—fifty had already
died—and the boat along side was converted into a
charnel-house, having the corpses of eight persons in
her bottom. Lieut Miller, the prize master, and his
brave companions are said to have manifested great
humanity to the unfortunate victims of the rapacious
vampires who drive this horrid trade.
The editor ofthe Chronicle, from which wo gather
lk-__ intorpstin? pirticulars, visited the slaves imme¬
diately on her arrival in aionipgo Bay. He left the
vessel with no small degree of horror at the suffering
of human nature, caused by the avarice of corrupt and
depraved men, and the great defect ofthe laws of men
and of nations, that tolerates, or at least visits with but
trivial punishment, when detected, so glaring an of¬
fence against the laws of God ! Who, but these vile
wretches, are amenable for the death of those of their
victims, during the passaged In fact, it would have
been but moral justice to have held coroner's inquests
over the bodies of these murdered individuals.
The authorities of the British government immedi¬
ately provided comfortable quarters for these unfortu¬
nate captives, which were well calculated for the re¬
vival ofthe sick and infirm. A gleam of rejoicing
was soon manifested, not only in their countenances,
but in the cheerful sounds which arose from them while
learning to stretch their cramped and weary limbs on
the floor. The original number of slaves amounted to
four hundred and thirty-six, consequently one hundred
and thirty-four must have died on board, three hundred
and thirty-two landed, and two have since died.—
Eastern Baptist.
For lhe Colonization Herald.
ORIGIN OF SLAVERY.
"Slaves arc called in Latin term, (says the authors
or compilers of Justinian's Institutes, Lib. i. Tit 3, \
3,) from the practice of our generals to sell their cap¬
tives, and thus preserve (servare) and not slay them.
Slaves are also called (in Latin) mancipia, in that they
are token from the enemy by hand (manucapli")
Others say this word (servus, a slave) is derived from
(servire) to do service. Augustine (or ns he is often
called St. Austin,) in his treatise De civilale Dd, (lib.
19, chap. 15,) remaiks, " tint dominion was given to
man over the fish of the sea, and the fowls of the air,
and all creeping things that creep upon the earth, lt
was God's will that his rational creatures should have
dominion only over the irrational,—not that man should
have dominion over man, but that man should be over
the brute creation. Hence, the first righteous men
were constituted the shepherds of flocks, and not the
kings of men, that God might thus intimate what the
order of creatures required, and what the demerit of
sins deserved. The condition of servitude vvas justly
imposed upon the sinner. Accordingly we no where
in the scriptures read of a slave before righteous Noah,
who, by this word, punished the sin of his son. His fault,
Slavery continued a long time after the establish¬
ment of Christianity, as well among the Romans as
other nations. In the year 534 the Emperor Justinian
declared free not only all Christian slaves which be¬
longed to Jews, Pagans or Heretics, but also all slaves
who should be converted to the Catholic faith, if their
masters were either heretics, pagans, or Jews.
Childebut, a king of France forbade all persons to
pass the Vigils of Easter, Christmas, and the other
feeeta, in revelry, on pain of being reduced to the ser¬
vile condition, and of a hundred stripes wilh a rod.
In 1296 Philip le Bel, king of France, gave to his
brother Charles of France, a Jew of Pontoise, and ho
paid 3000 livres to Pierre de Chambly for a Jew he
had bought of him.
'he  council of  Mascon (Matisco or Matiscona
of Bourjroone on  the Saone) ordered lhat Chris
1 lie i.>~uv» ui iwhudi ^.fiuiian/ ur itianscon
city of Bourcro^ne on the Saone) ordered that Chris¬
tian slave, should not thereafter (A. D. 581) be possess¬
ed by Jews, and that those who were then possessed
by Jews should be redeemed at the price of twelve
sols.
Sicolo, two cargoes of slaves, the one 500, the other   not his nature, deserved that name.    The word (ser-
780. In the year 1837, 4,500 slaves were imported
in the principal settlement of their friend and ally the
Emperor of Brazil. The greatest of all slave-dealers
were the Brazilians, the Spanish, and the Portuguese;
vorum) slaves, in the Latin language is thought to be
thus derived ; that those who, by the law of war, might
be slain, when they were saved, became slaves (semi,)
and   were so called (<i servanda) from their having
and this country, and he might add France also, with I been saved. But this way of accounting for slavery
the full knowledge of the fact, still continued quib-' presupposed the demerit of sin. For when war is
bling with them about the construction of treaties, and 'justly waged by one party, it is unjustly waged by the
endeavouring lo obtain from those courts the right to j other. And every victory, though won by the wicked,
search the ships, suffering all this time these dreadful i humbles by Divine judgment the conquered, and is
enormities to be perpetrated, when they would not al- j either a corrective, or a punishment of their sins. That
low for one hour a common pirate to pollute the great man of God, Daniel, is a witness to this truth; for when
highway of the seas, even though the flaps of these na-1 in captivity, he confessed to God his own sins, and the
lions protected him. They were, forsooth, to be stopped ! sins of his people, and with pious grief bears witness,
by the might of Spain ; they who dared the power of' that these were the cause of that captivity. Sin then,
France, and who never paused for an instant before j is the first cause of shivery—that mnn should be sub-
they threw themselves into the breach against all Eu-; ject to man by the bondage of condition; which never
rope combined when they had only the continenlal no- ; occurs without the judgment of God, with whom is
bility and dethroned  monarchs of  Europe for  their \ no iniquity, and who knows how to diversify punish-
clients, they now   paused  when  thpy had  for their ! ments according to the desert of delinquents	
clients millions of African slaves, and when the rights | No one, being in the nature in which God at first made
of justice and humanity called for vindication. If a j man, is the slave either of man or of sin. But servi-
mere word did it, a word would not be wanting; if a j tude becomes a punishment merely by force of that
wave of the hand would put it down, the gestulation ; law which requires that the natural order should be
would not be wanting; but when in addition to these preserved, and forbids that it should be disturbed ; be-
something further vvas required, some activity was' cause if that law were never violated, there could be
waiting, their tongues cleaved to the roofs of their \ nothing which would require correction by penal or
mouths, their hands were paralyzed, when the greatest afflictive servitude. Hence the Apostle admonishes
enormities were being perpetrated that ever stained slaves to be subject to their masters, and serve them
the annals of mankind. They shrank, forsooth, and , heartily, with good will. So that if they cannot be
blenched and quailed before the ancient and powerful! free from their masters, they may in some sort, con-
monarchy of Brazil (a laugh,) before the established vert their servitude into freedom,—serving, not with
and consecrated might of Portugal, and consolidated,! eye service, but with fidelity and affection until the
Enfranchisement by baptism, in favour of slaves who
had Jewish masters, commenced in France under the
Capetian (that is the present) race of its kings, in ac¬
cordance wilh the laws of the emperor Justinian.
From the New York Observer.
THE WISE MEN OF THE SOUTH ON"
SLAVERY.
In closing the remarks on the book entitled " Yara-
dee, or a Plea for Africa," the last number of which
vvas published in the Observer of last week, the writer
did not recollect, till after that number went to the
press, that he had promised some reader of the earlier
numbers, that he would furnish a number of specimens
from southern lips and pens, of strong and decided
condemnation of slavery, as a system. This unintend¬
ed omission he would now supply. It i8 the mere ne¬
cessary, because, in the attempt to remove the Achsn
of slavery from the American camp, the "accursed
thing" from the land, it is well for all that are honestly
and judiciously engaged in this enterprise to know
that there are, among slaveholders themselves not a
few, who would most cordially rejoice in the extirpa¬
tion of this monster, if they could perceive, to Ihe satisl
faction of their judgment, how " a consummation so de¬
voutly to be wished" could be brought about The
hearts of these persons are not in the system of slave
ry, though their hands have been or are concerned
personally in the fact of slave-holding.
If indeed we are bound to take the statement of ed¬
itors of newspapers, the messages of governors, or the
speeches of statesmen, within the last year or two aa
an infallible criterion cf public sentiment, we might
feel disposed to come to the conclusion, that the south
were unanimous, both in their wish and in their deter¬
mination, to uphold the detestable system. But those
are very incorrect criteria of the sentiment of an entire
people. Whenever slavery falls, the church of Jesus
Christ must commence the blow that is to brinw th
monster to the ground; and when the church g
rally has washed her hands from this leprosy, the; ma ii
ofthe world will not be able long to sustain 'this hor
rible moral anomaly.
In former days, when there was no such agitation
on the subject, as has existed within two or three vears
past, frequent were the occasions upon which civilians
and statesmen have pronounced a verdict of con lem
nation upon slavery;  and that verdict has nn been
an  undecided one.     In,  «Yaradee," a  considerable
collection has been made of these anti-slaverv sen
t.ments uttered by slave-holding men.    _n ^ forme;
number we produced and published that of Col  Drav
ton.    The following may be added.    The teatimonv"
of Mr Jefferson, both m the earlier and the later vears
of his lite, is so well known, and has been so often re
peated, that it is deemed unnecessary to introduce it
here.    That of others, therefore, with which the pub¬
lic are not so familiar, shall now be presented
Patrick Henry.—" It would rejoice my verv __ri
it every one of my fellow beings was emor-
As we ought with gratitude to admire that d
that every one of my fellow beings was em
As we ought with gratitude to admire thaT decree of
heaven   which   has numbered  us  among   the   freP
we ought to lament and deplore the necessity of S
ing our fellow men in bondage."
Said Zachariah Johnson? in the snm~. a^v. .    i
Patrick Henry uttered the above-" 81.,,,, „XSi