Lebanon Advertiser

              !S?
The Ex-Confederate Chieftain
Expires at New Orleans.
THE END-CAME PEACEFULLY
A Sadden Chill Brought His Long
Illness to a Painless Close. '
He Died Surrounded hy Loving Relatives
and Friends—The Widow Prostrated
by the Shock,' hat Ket at Present
Thought to Be in a Critical Condition.
His Daughter's Overwhelming Grief.
Preparations for the most Magnificent
Funeral Ever Known ln the Sonth—A
Graphic Pen Plctnre of His Kast Moments and a Brief Sketch of His Eventful Career.
New Orleans, Dec. 6.—Jefferson Davis,
the ex-president of the Southern Conf eder-
acy, died at a quarter before 1 o'clock in the
morning. The announcement of the event
created a profound sensation in this city,
and was immediately telegraphed to all the
leading cities of the south.
The death of Hr. Davis has been expected
at any time within the last month. Four
weeks ago, while traveling on a river
steamer, he caught cold, and his condition
became so serious that his physicians refused
to aUow him to return to his home in Mississippi.
JEFFERSON DAVIS.
Mrs. Davis was sent for and immediately
joined her husband and remained with him
constantly until the end. Mr. and Mrs. Davie were as devoted to each other as when,
in their younger days, they eloped to bo
married.
They Thought He Was Convalescent.
For tho last three days Mr. Davis had
been getting steadily better, and was much
improved, the physicians thought. AU day
the favorable symptoms continued, and late
in the afternoon, about 4 o'clock, Mr. Davis
sent such a choering message tc Mrs. Stamps
and Mr. and Mrs. Fenner that they decided
for the flrst time sinee Mr. Davis had been
taken ill to attend the French opera.
At 6 o'clock in the afternoon, without any
assignable cause, Mr. Davis was seized with
a congestive chill which seemed to absolutely
crush the vitality out of his already enfeebled body. So weak was Mr. Davis that
the violence of the assault soon subsided for
lack of vitality upon which to prey.
From that moment to his death the history
of his case was characterized by a gradual
sinking. At 1 o'clock Mrs. Davis admin is.
tered some medicine, but the ox-president declined to receive the whola dose.
His Last Words.
She urged upon him the necessity pf taking the remainder, but putting it aside, with
the gentlest of gestures, he whispered, "Fray
excuse me."
These were his last words. Gradually he
grew weaker and weaker, but never for an
instant seemed to lose consciousness. Lying
peacefully upon his bed, and without a trace
of pain apparent in bis features, he remained
for^hours. Silently clasping and tenderly
caressing his wife's hand, with undaunted
spirit he awaited the end.
From the moment of tho dread assault of
the congestive chill those gathered about
tiie bedside, who had been watching and
noting with painful interest every change of
symptom for the last month, knew well that
the dread messenger was at the door.
About half past 10 o'clock Associate Jus-
Hoe Fenner went to call to Mr. Davis' bedside Mr. and Mrs. Farrar and Mrs. Stamps.
As soon as the message reached them, they
hurried to obey the summons.
The .Last Moments.
By half-past 11 o'clock there were assembled in the death chamber Mrs. Davis,
Doctors Chaille and Bickham, Associate
Justice and Mrs. Fenner, Miss Nannie Smith,
grand niece of the dying ex-president, and
Mr. and Mrs E. H. Farrar.
Finding that Mr. Davis was breathing
somewhat heavily as he lay upon his back,
the doctors assisted him to torn upon his
right side. With his cheek resting upon his
right hand like a sleeping infant, and with
his left hand drooping across his chin, he lay
for some fifteen minutes breathing heavily.
More and more feeble became his respirations till thoy passed into silence, and then
the watchers knew that the silver cord had
boon loosed and the golden bowl broken.
Tho Father of the Confederacy had passed
away.
A Terrible Blow far the Widow.
Despite the fact that the end had come
slowly and peacefully, and after she had
been face to face for hours with the dread
reality, the blow fell with crushing force
upon tiie afflicted widow. As long as there
had been work for either head or hands she
had born up bravely, and not nntil the
sweet uses for her tender ministrations were
lost did she seem to realize tho terrible force
of the blow that had fallen upon her.
Knowing of a predisposition to heart affection, the doctors were at once greatly
alarmed for her. They promptly administered a composing draught, and at a late
hour this morniug she was resting quietly.
It is believed that the foundation of the
ex;-prosident's last illness was malaria, complicated with acute bronchitis. Careful
nursing and skilled medical attendance had
mastered the latter, but it is supposed that
the congestive chill, which was the immediate cause of death, was attributable to a return of the. malaria.
As One Asleep.
After death the face of the deceased,
though looking slightly emaciated, showed
ap trace of suffering, mor_> nearly resembling that of a peaceful sleeper tban of the
dead.
Messages have been received from Atlanta, Biloxi, Memphis, Louisville and many
other points, all expressive of respect for tha
dead Confederate chieftain and of sympathy
fbr Mrs. Davis in her affliction.
The remains will probably lie in state at
the city hall here previous to their removal
to Mississippi for burial. The general sentiment among ex-Confederates is that the obsequies of Mr. Davis should be the most imposing ever witnessed in the south, and it is
believed the ex-soldiers at the funeral will
be numbered by thousands.
nie Bells Rang Out the News.
The illness of Mr. Davis had been watched
with deep anxiety and arrangements had
been made to announce his death by the
ringing of the fire bells.
Word was therefore telephoned to the
Central station at 12:50 in the morning, and
in a few minutes the mournful notes of tta
bells conveyed the intelligence of the death
to fh~ rifj-| MiriTj* people gathered at the
--botels, and at 3 o'olock hundreds were discussing the event.
Mayor Shakespeare has issued a proclamation announcing Mr. Davis' death, and inviting the presidents of the various exchanges and commercial bodies and a number of prominent citizens to meet at the City
hall in order that proper arrangements may
bo made for the funeral.   The mayor says:
"It is with the deepest regret that I announce to the people of the city of New Orleans tho departure from this life of Jefferson Davis He needs no eulogy from me.
His life is history, and his memory is enshrined in the heart of every man, woman
nnd child in the broad south. We all loved
him, and we all owe him honor and reverence." 	
HIS    CAREER.
Jefferson Davis was a native of Kentucky,
having beeu born in Christian county June
3, 1806, but passed his childhood in Mississippi, to which state his fatber had removed.
He graduated at West Point ia 1828, served
with distinction against the Indians for
seven years and then resigned his commis-
f ion, returniug to Mississippi, where he married the daughter of Gen. Taylor, who afterwards became president of the Uuited States.
Mr. Davis became a cotton planter and did
not interest himself in politics until 1843,
vi hen he took a prominent part in the election ot President Folk, being chosen a presi-
geptfeiejegtqr. lirasmil^JSm.l_m
VOL. 42.-NO. 21.
LEBAN DN, LEBANON COUNTY, PA.* WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1889.
WHOLE NG.-.2105.
was elected to congress", where he made himself conspicuous in debates on the tariff, the
Oregon question, military affairs, etc
At Monterey and Buena Vista.
When tbe Mexican war broke out he was
elected colonel of the First Mississippi regiment of volunteers, and, resigning his seat
in congress, he joined the army of Gen.
Taylor on the Rio Grande. I_£the storming
of Monterey and the battle of Buena Vista
he was conspicuous for his bravery. In the
latter battle his regiment was attacked by
an immensely superior force, but he maintained his ground for a long time unsupported, and, although severely wounded, CoL
Davis remained in the saddle until the close
of the action. When the regiment was returning home from tbe war President Polk
offered him the position Of brigadier general
of volunteers, bat CoL Davis declined the
honor on the ground that the appointment
by the president was a violation of state
rights.
Ia the Senate and Cabinet.
In 1847 he was appointed United States
senator to fill a vacancy, and was twice reelected. He was chairman of tho committee
on military affairs, and was distinguished
by the energy with which he defended
slavery and state rights. In 1851 he resigned
his seat in tho senate to run for governor of
Mississippi on ths Democratic ticket, but was
beaten by 990 votes by Henry S. Foote. Mr.
Davis remained to retirement for a year,
when he took the stump in behalf of Gen.
Pierce for president.
The latter, in 1853, appointed Mr. Davis
secretary of war, which position ho held
until Buchanan became president. His administration of the war department was
marked by ability and energy. He was next
chosen to the United States senate, continuing there until the secession movoment compelled him to withdraw.
President of the Confederate States.
Mr. Davis became the first provisional
president of the Confederate states Feb. 4,
1861, inaugurated Feb. 22, and in the following year was elected president for six years.
After the fall of Richmond and the surrender of Gen. Lee, he was captured whilo
endeavoring to make his escape at Irwins-
viUe, Ga., on May 10, 1865, and confined a
prisoner for two years at Fortress Monroe
awaiting a trial. He was released on bail in
the summer of 1867, all proceedings against
him being discontinued. It bas since often
been a question as to the reason for the government never trying him.
He visited Europe after his release, and on
his return to this country resided for awhile
at Memphis, Tenn., where he was for a time
president of a life insurance company. In
1878 Mrs. Sarah A. Dorsey bequeathed to
Mr. Davis a beautiful estate at Beauvoir,
Miss., in gratitude and appreciation of his
great services and sacrifices on behalf of the
south. He has resided there ever since, and
wrote his great work on "Rise and Fall of
the Confederate Government" there in 188L
President Harrison's  Communication to Congress.
To the Senate and House of Representatives:
There are few transactions in the administration of the government that are even
temporarily held in the confidence tt those
charged with the conduct of the public business. Every step taken is under the observation of an Intelligent and watchful people.
The state of the Union is known from day to
day, and suggestions as to the needed legislation find an earlier voice than that which
speaks ia these annual communications of
the president to congress.
Good will and cordiality have characterized our relations and correspondence with
other governments, and the year just closed
leaves tew international questions of importance remaining unadjusted. No obstacle is
believed to exist that can long postpone the
tonsideration and adjustment of the still
pending questions upon satisfactory and
honorable terms. The dealings of this government with other states have been and
should always be marked by frankness and
sincerity, oar purposes avowed and our
methods free from intrigue. This course
bas borne rich fruit in the past, and it is our
duty as a nation to preserve the heritage of
jood repute which a century of right dealing with foreign governments has secured
tons.
The Pan-American Congress.
In the course of his remarks on the Pan
American congress the president says:
Tbe recommendations of this international
conference of enlightened statesmen WiU
doubtless have the considerate attention of
congress __><d its co-operation in the removal
af unnecessary barriers to beneficial inter-
jourse between the nations of America. But
while the commercial results which tt ii
hoped will follow this conference are worthy
sf pursuit and of the great interest they have
.xcited, tt is believed that the crowning benefit will lie fonnd in the better securities
which may be devised for tho maintenance
of peace among all American nations aad
the settlement of all contentions by methods
that a Christian civilization can approve.
While viewing with interest our national re-
lources and products, the delegates will, I
un sure, find a higher satisfaction in the evidences of unselfish friendship which everywhere attend their intercourse with our people.
The Rank of Oar Envoys.
The president then speaks of the maritime
sonference, and adds:
In this connection it may be noted that all
the nations of the western hemisphere, with
Dne exception, send to Washington envoys
extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary,
being the bighest grade accredited to this
government. The United States, on the contrary, sends envoys of lower grade to some
at our sister republics. Our representative
tn Paraguay and Uruguay is a minister resident, while to Bolivia we send a minister
resident and consul general. In view of the
importance of our relations with the states
at the American system, oor diplomatic
.gents ia those countries should be of the
uniform rank of envoy extraordinary and
minister plenipotentiary. Certain missions
n-.re so elevated by the last congress with
happy effect, and I recommend the completion of the reform thus begun, with the inclusion also of Hawaii and Hayti, in view of
their relations to the American system of
ita tea.
I also recommend that timely provision be
made for extending to Hawaii an invitation
to be represented in the international conference now sitting at this capital.
Relations with China.
Our relations with China have the attentive consideration which their magnitude
rod interest demand. The failnre of the
treaty negotiated under the administration
of my predecessor for the further and more
complete restriction of Chinese labor immigration, and, with it, the legislation of the
last session of congress dependent thereon,
leave some questions open which congress
ihould now approach in that wise and just
spirit which should characterize the relations ot two great and friendly powera
While our supreme interests demand the exclusion of a laboring element which experienoe has shown to be incompatible with
onr social life, all steps to compass thia imperative need should be accompanied with a
recognition of the claim of those strangers
now lawfully among us to humane and just
treatment
S_l Mogjgfca of_ttg_y<>»nj5 Empwor et
Vo Arrange for a Memorial Meeting.
Baltimore, Dec. &—The executive committee of the Maryland Association of the
Confederate Army and Navy wfll hold a
consultation to mako arrangements for a
memorial meeting in honor of their commander-in-chief, Jefferson Davis.
The society will also be represented at the
funeral in New Orleans, and will send a
Maryland cross of black and yellow pansies,
the Maryland Confederate flower. The flag
of Maryland is at half mast at the Confederate Soldiers' home at Pikesville.
CoL D. P. Porter, secretary of state of
Mississippi, is in Baltimore representing the
Davis Land company, whose object is to relieve the financial condition of Mr. Davis'
estate. It is expected that Baltimore will
raise $10,000 for this purpose.
Told of His Death While Going to Him.
Fobt Worth, Tex., Dec. 8.—Mrs. M H
D. Hayes, of Colorado Springs, daughter of
Jefferson Davis, accompanied by her husband and little son, arrived here last night
on tho way to New Orleans, having been
summoned by a telegram announcing her
father's critical condition. The party wiB
be taken to New Orleans on a special train.
Mrs. Hayes is almost prostrated by the news
of her father's death.
China marks, wo may hops, an era of progress and prosperity for the great country
over wbich he is called to role.
Samoan Affairs.
The present state of affairs in respect to
the Samoan islands is encouraging. The
conference which was held in this city in the
summer of 1887 between the representatives
of the United States, Germany and Great
Britain having been adjourned because of
the persistent divergence of views which was
developed in its deliberations, the subsequent course of events in the islands gave
rise to questions of a serious character. On
the 4th of February last, the German minister at this capital, ia behalf of his government, proposed a resumption of the conference at Berlin. This proposition was accepted, as congress, in February last, was informed.
Pursuant to the understanding thus reached,
commissioners were appointed by me, by and
with the advice and consent of the senate,
who proceeded to Berlin, where the conference was renewed. The deliberations extended through several weeks and resulted
in the conclusion of a treaty, which will be
submitted to the senate Cor its approvaL I
trust that the efforts Which have been made
to effect an adjustment of this question will
h-t productive of the permanent establishment of law and order ia Samoa, upon the
basis of the maintenance of the rights and
interests of the natives as well as of the
treaty powers.
The questions which have arisen during
the past few yeara between Great Britain
and the United States are in abeyance or in
course of amicable adjustment.
The Fisheries Question.
On the part of the government of the Dominion of Canada an effort has been apparent during the season just ended to administer the laws and regulations applicable to
the fisheries with as little occasion for friction as was possible, and the temperate representations of this government in respect
of eases of undue hardship or of harsh interpretations havo been in most cases met with
measures of transitory relief. It is trusted
that the attainment of oar just rights under
existing treaties and ia virtue of the concurrent legislation of the two contiguous countries will not be long deferred, and that aU
existing causes of difference may be equitably adjusted.
I recommend that provision be made by
an international agreement for visibly marking the water boundary between the United
States and Canada in the narrow channels
that join the Great Lakes. The conventional
line therein traced by the northwestern
boundary survey, years ago, tt not in all
cases readily ascertainable for the settle
ment of jurisdictional questions.
A just and acceptable enlargement of the
list of offenses for which extradition may be
claimed and granted is most desirable between this country and Great Britain. The
territory of neither should become a secure
harbor for the evil doers of the other through
any avoidable shortcoming in this regard.
A new treaty on this subject between the
two powers has been recently negotiated and
will soon be laid before the senate.
Various International Questions.
The importance of the commerce of Cuba
and Porto Rico with the United States, their
nearest and principal market, justifies the
expectation that the existing relations may
be beneficially expanded. The impediments
resulti-,. from varying dues oa navigation
and from the vexatious treatment of vessels,
on merely technical grounds of complaint,
in West India ports, should be removed.
(Here follows brief reference to our relations with Spain, France, Portugal and Nicaragua; to the Brussels international slave
trade congress; to onr relations with Orer
many, and to the condition of Hayti.)
A mixed commission is now in session
ia this capital for the settlement ot
long standing claims against the re
pnblic of Venezuela, and it tt hoped
that a satisfactory conclusion will be speedily
reached. This government has not hesitated to
express its earnest desire that the boundary dispute now pending between Cheat Britain and Venezuela may bo adjusted amicably and in strict accordance with the historic title of the parties.
The advancement of the empire of Japan has
been evidenced hj. the recent promulgation of a
new constitution, containing valuable guaranties
of liberty and providing for a responsible ministry
to conduct the government.
It Is earnestly recommended that oar judicial
rights and processes in Corea be established on
a tirm basis, by providing the machinery necessary to cany out treaty stipulotions in that regard.
The friendliness of the Persian government continues to be shown by its generous treatment of
Americans engaged in missionary labors, and by
the cordial disposition of the shah to encourage
the enterprise of our citizens in tho development
of Persian resources.
A discussion is in progress touching the jurisdictional treaty rights of the United States in
Turkey. An earnest effort will be made to define
those rights to the satisfaction of both governments.
Naturalized Citizens.
Questions continue to arise in oor relations with
several countries in respect to the rights of naturalized citizens. Especially is this the case with
France, Italy, Russia and Turkey, and to a less
extent with Switzerland. From time to time
earnest efforts have been made to regulate this
subject by conventions with those countries. Aa
improper use of naturalization should not be permitted, bot it is most important that those who
have been duly naturalized should everywhere be
accorded recognition of the rights pertaining to
the citizenship of the country of their adoption.
The appropriateness olT special -o-zurentions for
that purpose is recognized in treaties which this
government haa concluded with a number of
European states, and tt is advisable that the difficulties which now arise in our relations with other
countries on the same subject should be similarly
adjusted.
The Brazilian Revolution.
The recent revolution in Brazil ln favor of the
establishment of a republican form of government is an event of great interest to the United
States. Our minister at Bio de Janeiro was at
once instructed to maintain friendly diplomatic
relations with the provisional government, and
the Brazilian representatives at this capital were
instructed by the provisional government to continue their functions. Our friendly intercourse
with Brazil has, therefore, suffered no interruption.
Oar minister has been further instructed to extend on the part of this government a formal and
cordial recognition of the new republic so soon as
the majority of the people of Brazil shall have
signified their assent to its establishment and
maintenance.
Within our own borders a general condition of
prosperity prevails. The harvests of the last
summer were exceptionally abundant, and the
trade conditions now prevailing seem to promise
a successful season te the merchant and the manufacturer, and general employment to our working people.
Oar Financial Condition.
The report of the secretary of the treasury for
the fiscal year ending June 80, 1889, bas been prepared, and will be presented to congress. It presents with clearness the fiscal operations of the
government, and I avail myself of it to obtain
some facts for use here.
The aggregate receipts from all sources for the
year were 8387,050,068.84, derived as follows:
From customs $323,832,741.68
From internal revenue  130,881,513.93
From miscellaneous sources    33,335,803.33
The ordinary expenditures for the same period
were $381,996,615.00, and the total expenditures,
including the sinking fund, were $339,579,939.35.
The excess of receipts over expenditures waa,
after providing for the sinking fund, $57,470,129.59.
For the current fiscal year the total revenues,
actual and estimated, are $386,000,000, aad the ordinary expenditures, actual and estimated, are
$393,000,000, "*"*-Iri"g with the sinking fund a
total expenditure of $341,331,116.99, leaving an
estimated surplus of $43,678,883.01.
Purchase of Bonds.
During the fiscal year there was applied to the
purchase of bonds, in addition to those for the
sinking fund, $9.1, _5G, 173.35, and during the first
quarter of the current year the sum of $37,838,-
937.77, all of which were credited to the sinking
fund. The revenues for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1891, are estimated by the treasury department at $385,000,000, and the expenditures
for the same period, Including the sinking fund,
at $'-41,430,477.70. This shows an estimated surplus for that year of $43,559,532.30, which is moro
likely to be increased than reduced wheu the
actual transactions are written up.
The existence of so large an actual and anticipated surplus should have the immediate attention of congress, with a view to reducing the receipts of the treasury to the needs of the government as closely as may be. Ths collection of
moneys not needed for public uses imposes an
unnecessary burden upon oor people, and the
presence of so large a surplus in me public vaults
is a disturbing element in the.conduct of private
business. It has called into use expedients for
putting it into circulation of very questionable
propriety. We should not collect revenue for
the purpose of anticipating our bonds beyond
the requirements of the sinking fund, but any
unappropiiated surplus in the treasury si tould be
so used, as there is no other lawful way of returning the money to circulation, and the profit
realized by the government offers a substantial
advantage.
Loaning Publie Funds to Banks.
The loaning of public funds to the banks without interest, upon the security of government
bonds, I regard as an unauthorized and dangerous
expedient. It results in a temporary and unnatural increase of the banking capital of favored
localities, and compels a cautious and gradual recall of the deposits to avoid Injury to the commercial interests. It is not to be expected that
tlie banks bavjpg these depojjts will sei) tbeif
bonds to tue treasury so long as the present highly beneficial arrangement is continued. They now
practically get interest both upon the bonds and
their proceeds. No further use sbould be made
ef this method of getting the surplus into circulation, and the deposits now outstanding should be
gradually withdrawn and applied to the purchase
of bonds. Tt is fortunate that such a use can be
made of the existing surplus, and for some timt
to come of any casual surplus that may exist
after congress has taken the necessary steps for a
reduction df the revenue. Such legislation should
be promptly, but very considerately, enaoted.
Tarifi' Revision Recommended.
I recommend a revision of our tariff law, both in
Its administrative features and in the schedules.
The need of the former is generally conceded,
and an agreement upon the evils and inconveniences to be remedied aud the best methods fot
their correction will probably not be difficult.
Uniformity of valuation at all our ports is essentia-, and effective measures should be taken tc
secure it. It is equally desirable that questions
affecting rates and classifications should bt
promptly decided.
The preparation of a new schedule of customs
duties is a matter of great delicacy because of its
di *ect effect upon the business of the country, ant
tt great difficulty by reason of the wide diver
gence of opinion as to the objects that may prop
erly be promoted by such legislation. Some disturbance of business may perhaps result from the
consideration of this subject by congress, but this
temporary ill effect will be reduced to tiie minimum by prompt action and by the assurance which
the country already enjoys that any necessary
changes will be so made as not to impah the just
and reasonable protection of our home industries.
The inequalities of the law should be adjusted,
but the protective principle should be maintained
and fairly applied to the products of our farms as
well as of our shops. These duties necessarily
have relation to other things besides the public
revenues. We can not limit their effects by fixing
our eyes on the public treasury alone. Tbey have
a direct relation to home production, to work, to
wages, and to the commercial independence of our
country, and the wise and patriotic legislator
should enlarge the field of his vision to include all
of these.
Removal of the Tobacco Tax,
The necessary reduction In our public revenues
can, I am sure, be made without making 'the
smaller burden more onerous than the larger by
reason of the disabilities and limitations which,
the process of reduction puts upon both capital
and labor. The free list can be very safely extended by placing thereon articles that do not
offer injurious competition to such domestic products as our home labor can supply. The removal
of the internal tax upon tobacco would relieve an
important agricultural product from a burden
which was imposed only because our revenue
from customs duties was insufficient for the pub-
he needs. If safe provision against fraud can be
devised, the removal of the tax upon spirits used
in the arts and in manufactures would also offer
an unobjectionable method of reducing the surplus.
(The president here refers to the amount of
money in circulation at some length-)
The law requiring the purchase, by the treasury, of two million dollars* worth of silver bullion each month, to be coined into silver dollars
of four hundred and twelve and one-half grains,
has been observed by the department; but neither
the present secretary nor any of liis predecessors
has deemed it safe to exercise the discretion given
by law to increase the monthly purchases to four
million dollars. When the law was enacted (Feb.
28, 1878) the price of silver in the market was
$1.20 4-10 per ounce, making the bullion value of
the dollar 93 cents. Since that time the price has
fallen as low as 91.2 centa per ounce, reducing the
bullion value of the dollar to 70.6 cents. Withia
the last few months the market price has somewhat advanced, and on tho 1st day of November
last the bullion value of the silver dollar was 73
cents.
The Silver Dollar,
The evil anticipations which hare accompanied
the coinage and use of the silver dollar have not
been realized. As a coin It has not had general
use, and the public treasury has been compelled
to store it. But this Is manifestly owing to the
fact that its paper representative is more convenient. The general acceptance and use of the
silver certificate show that silver has not been
otherwise discredited. Some favorable conditions
have contributed to ""'"M'n this practical
equality, ia their commercial use, between the
gold and silver dollars. Bot some of these are
trade conditions that statutory enactments do
not control, and of the continuance of which we
cannot be certain.
I think tt is clear that, if we should make the
coinage ef silver at the present ratio free, wo
must expect that the difference in tba bullion
values of the gold and silver dollars will be taken
account of in commercial transactions, and I
' **— **■ -.._...-• ,,.. _v..\., ^1J.,II_T Ml^-mnn 11' * -
able Increase of toa present rate (rf coinage.
Such a result would be discreditable to our financial management and disastrous to all business
interests. We should not tread the dangerous
edge of such a peril. And, indeed, nothing more
harmful could happeu to the silver interests.
Any safe legislation upon this subject must secure the equality of the two coins in their commercial uses.
I have always been an advocate of the use of
silver in our currency. We are large producers of
that metal, and should not discredit it. To tbe
plan which will be presented by the secretary of
the treasury for the issuance of notes or certificates upon the deposit of silver bullion at its market value, I have been able to give only a hasty
examination, owing to the press of other matters
and to the fact that it has been so recently formulated. The details of such a law require careful
consideration: bat the general plan suggested by
him seems to satisfy the purpose—to continue the
use of silver in connection with our currency, and
at the same time to obviate the danger of which I
have spoken. At a later day I may communicate
further with congress upon this subject
(President Harrison here makes brief .
erence to the Chinese Exclusion act and the
Behring Sea proclamation.)
Coast Defenses.
Judged by modern standards, we are practically without coast defenses. Many of the structures
we have would enhance rather than diminish the
perils of their garrisons if subjected to tte flre of
improved guns; and very few are so located as to
give full effect to the greater range of such guns
as we are now making for coast defense uses.
This general subject has had consideration in congress for some years, and the appropriation for
the construction of large rifled guns, made one
year ago. was, I am sure, the expression of a purpose to provide suitable works ia which these
guns might be mounted. An appropriation now
made for that purpose would not advance the
completion of the works beyond our ability to
supply them with fairly effective guns.
The security of our coast cities against foreign
attack should not rest altogether in tiie friendly
disposition of other nations. There should be a
second Une wholly in our own keeping. I very
urgently recommend an appropriation at this session for the construction of such works in our
most exposed harbors.
I approve the suggestion of the secretary of
war that provision be made for encamping companies of tte National Guard in our coast works
for a specified time each year, and for tteir training in the use of heavy guns. His suggestion that
an increase of the artillery force of the army is
desirable is also in this connection commended to
tte consideration of congress.
The improvement of our important rivers and
harbors should be promoted by tte necessary appropriations. Care should be taken that the government is not committed to tte prosecution of
works not of public and general advantage, and
that the relative usefulness of works of that class
is not overlooked. So far as this work can ever
be said to be completed, I do not doubt ttat the
end would be sooner and more economically
reached if fewer separate works were undertaken
at tte samo time, and tbose selected for their
greater general interest were more rapidly pushed
to completion. A work once considerably begun
should not be subjected to the risks and deterioration which interrupted or insufficient appropriations necessarily occasion.
Protection of Federal   Officers  and "Witnesses.
The assault made by David S. Terry upon the
person of Justice Field, of tte supreme court of
tte United States, at Lathrop, Cal., ia -August
last, and tte killing of the assailant by a deputy
United States marshal who had been deputed to
accompany Justice Field and to protect him from
anticipated violence at the hands of Terry, in connection witt tte legal proceedings which have
followed, suggest questions which, in my judgment, are worthy of the attention of congress.
1 recommend that more definite provision be
made by law, not only for tte protection of federal officers, but for a full trial of suoh cases in
the United States courts. Ia recommending such
legislation I do not at all impeach either the general adequacy of the provision made by tte state
laws for the protection of all citizens, or tta general good disposition of those charged with the
execution of such laws to give protection to the
officers of tte United States. Tba duty of protecting its officers, as such, and of punishing
those who assault them on account of tteir official acts, should not be devolved expressly or by
acquiescence upou the local authorities.
Events which have been brought to my attention, happening in other parts of the country,
have also suggested the propriety of extending
by legislation fuller protection to those who may
be called as witnesses in the courts of tte United
States. The law compels those who are supposed
to have knowledge of public offenses to attend
upon our courts and grand juries and to give erf.
dence. Tbere is a manifest resulting duty that
these witnesses shall be protected from Injury on
account of their testimony. The investigations
of criiiinal offenses are often rendered futile and
the punishment of crime impossible, by tbe in.
timidatiou of witnesses.
The necessity of providing some more speedy
method for disposing of tte cases which no*
come for final adjudication to the supreme court
becomes every year more apparent and urgent.
The plan of providing some intermediate courts,
having final appellate jurisdiction of certain
classes of questions and cases, has, 1 think, received a more general approval from the bench
and bar of tte country than any other. Without
attempting to discuss details, I recommend that
provision be made for tte establishment of such
courts.
The salaries of tte judges of the district courts
in many of tte districts are, in my judgment, Inadequate. -I recommend that aU suoh salaries
BGwtostewJ&.ooppwMj.uiab- i-wruwe*} _.thjf
amount, it is qui je true that the amount of labor
performed by tbese judges is very unequal; but
as they cannot properly engage in other pursuits
to supplement their incomes, the salary should be
such in all cases as to provide an Independent and
comfortable support.
Earnest attention should be given by congress
to a consideration of the question how far the restraint of those combinations of capital commonly
called "trusts** Is matter at federal jurisdiction.
When organized, as they often are, to crush out
all healthy competition and to monopolize the
production or sale of an article of commerce and
general necessity, they are dangerous conspiracies against the public good, and should be made
the subject of prohibitory and even penal legislation.
The subject of an International copyright has
been frequently commended to the attention of
congress by my predecessors. The enactment of
such a law would be eminently wise and just.
Our naturalization laws should be so revised as
to make the in*"*piry ln»o the moral character
and good disposition towards our government of
the persons applying for citizenship more thorough. This can only be done by taking fuller
control of the examination, by fixing the times
for hearing such applications, and by requiring
tte presence of some on^who shall represent the
government In tte inquiry. Those who are tha
avowed enemies of social order, or wbo come to our
shores to swell the injurious influence and to extend the evil practices of any association that defies our laws, should noi only be denied citizenship, but a domicile.
The enactment (rf a national bankrupt law of a
character to be a permanent part of oor general
legislation is desirable,   tt should be simple in its
methods and inexpensive In its administration.
The Postmaster General's Beport.
The report of tte postmaster general not only
exhibits the operations of tte department for the
last fiscal year, but contains many valuable suggestions for title Improvement aad extension of
the service, which are commended to your attention. No other branch of the government has so
close a contact with tte dally life of tte people.
Almost every one uses the service it offers, and
every hour gainsd la the transmission of tte
great commercial mails has an actual and possible value that oaly those engaged in trade can
understand.
The saving of one day in the transmission of the
mails between New York and San Francisco,
wbich has recently been accomplished, is an incident worthy of mention.
The plan suggested of a supervision of tte post-
offices in separate districts that shall involve instruction and suggestion and a rating of tte
efficiency of the postmasters would, I have ao
doubt, greatly improve the service.   ♦   *   *
Secretary Traoy's Report.
The report of the secretary of tte navy show* a
reorganization of the bureaus of the department
that will, I do not doubt, promote the efficiency at
each.
ta general, satisfactory progress has been
made la the construction of the new ships of
war authorized by congress. The first vessel of
the new navy, tte Dolphin, waa subjected to
very severe trial tests and to very much adverse
criticism. But it is gratifying to be able to state
that a cruise around theworld, from which she
has recently returned, has demonstrated that
she is a first class vessel of har rate.
The report of tte secretary shows that while
the effective force of tte navy is rapidly Increasing, by reason of the improved build and armament of the aaw ships, the number of our ships
flt for sea duty grows veiy slowly. Wa had, on
the 4th tit March last, thirty-seven serviceable
ships, and though fonr have since been added to
the list, tte total number has not been increased,
because in the mean time four have been lost
or condemned. Twenty-six additional vessels
have been authorized and appropriated for, but tt
is probable that when they are completed our list
wiil only be Increased to*forty-two, a gain of five.
The old wooden ships are disappearing almost aa
fast as the new vessels are added. These facts
carry their own argument. One of tte new ships
may, in fighting strength, be equal to two of tte
old, but it cannot Jdo the cruising duty of two. It
is important, therefore, ttat we should have a
more rapid increase in the number of serviceable
ships. I concur in the recommendation of the
secretary that the construction of eight armored
ships, three gunboats and five torpedo boats be
authorized.
An appalling calamity befell three of our naval
vessels on duty at tte Samoan <°i«*»-*l**. in tte
harbor of Apia, in March last, involving the loss
of four officers and forty-seven seamen, of two
vessels, the Trenton and tte Vandalia, and tte
disabling of a third, tte Nipsic. Three vessels of
the German navy, also ln tte harbor, shared with
our ships the force of the hurricane and suffered
even more heavily. While mourning the brave
officers and men whe died, facing wtth high resolve perils greater than those of battle, lt is
most gratifying to stats ■*_»* the credit of the
Am. rt-11-." t-_* rar__-_---__r,i_n_ii,i|.j- courage, and*
generosity waa magnificently sustained in tbe
storm beaten harbor at Apia.
(The president here speaks at length of the
progress and condition of the Indian on government reservations, and refers to tha
Sioux and Cherokee negotiations.)
The Opening of Oklahoma.
Under tte agreement made between ths United
States aad the Muscogee (or Creek) nation of
Indians oa tte 19th day of January, 1889, an absolute title was secured by the United States to
about three and a half millions of acres of land.
Section 12 of the general Indian appropriation
aet, approved March t, 1889, made provision for
the purchase by the United States from the Seminole tribe of a certain portion at tteir lands.
the delegates of tta Seminole nation, having
first duly evinced to me tteir power to act in that
behalf, delivered a proper release and conveyance to the United States of all the lands mentioned in tte aot, which was accepted by me and
certified to be ln compliance with the statute.
By the terms of both the acts referred to all the
lands so purchased were declared to be a part of
the public domain, and open to settlement under
tte homestead law. Bot of the lands embraced
in these purchases, being in the aggregate about
five and a half million acres, three and a half mil-
Hot acres had already, under tte terms of the
treaty of 1866, been acquired by tha United States
for the purpose of settling other Indian tribes
thereon, and had been appropriated to that purpose. The land remaining and available for settlement consisted of 1,887,796 acres, surrounded on
all sides by lands ia tte occupancy ef Indian
tribes. Congress had provided no civil government for the people who were to be invited by my
proclamation to settle upon these lands, exoept as
the new court, which bad been established at
Muscogee, or the United States courts ta aome of
the adjoining states, had power to enforce tlie
general laws of the United States.
In this condition of things I was quite reluctant
to open tte lands to settlement. But in view oi
the fact that several thousand persons, many of
them with their families, had gathered upon tte
borders of the Indian Territory, with a view to
securing homesteads on the ceded lands, and that
delay would involve them in much loss and suffering, I did, on the 23d day of March last, Issue a
proclamation declaring that the lands therein described would be open to settlement under the
provisions of tte law on tte 22d day of April following, at 12 o'clock noon. Two land districts had
been established and the offices were open for the
transaction of business wben the appointed time
arrived.
It is much to the credit of the settlers that ttey
very generally observed the limitation as to tte
time when they might enter the territory. Gan
will be taken that tbose who entered ia violation
of the law do not secure the advantage they unfairly sought. There was a good deal of apprehension that tte strife for locations would result
in much violence and bloodshed, but happily these
anticipations were not realized, tt is estimated
that there are now in the territory about 60,000
people, and several considerable towns have
sprung up, for which temporary municipal governments have been organized. Guthrie is said tc
have now a population of almost 8,000. Eleven
schools and idne churches have been established,
aad three daily aud five weekly newspapers are
published in this city, whose charter and ordinances bave only Ibe sanction of tte voluntarj
acquiescence of tte people from day to day.
Oklahoma Ctty his a population of about five
thousand, and is proportionately as well provided
as Guthrie with churches, schools and newspapers. Other towns and villages having populations of from one hundred to a thousand are scattered over the territoiy.
Ia order to secure the peace of this new community, in the absence of civil government, I (11-
rectedjGen. Merritt, commanding the Department
of the Missouri, to act in conjunction with the
marshals of tte United States to preserve the
peace, and upon tteir requisition to use the
troops to aid them in executing warrants and in
quieting any riots or breaches of the peace that
might occur. He was further directed to use _H I
influence to promote good order aad to avoid any
conflicts between or with the settlers. Believing I
ttat the Introduction and sale of liquors, where
no legal restraint•* or regulations existed, would
endanger the public peace, and in view of the
fact that such liquors must first be introduced
into tte Indian reservations before reaching the
white settlements, 1 further directed the general
commanoing to enforce tte laws relating to the
introduction of ardent spirits into tte Indian
country.
The preence of the troops has given a sense of
security to tha well disposed citizens, and has
tended to restrain the lawless. In one instance
tte officer in immediate command of tte troops
went further than I deemed justifiable in supporting the de facto municipal government of
Guthrie, and he was so informed and directed to
limit tte interference of tte military to tte support of tte marshals on tte lines indicated in the
original order. I very urgently recommend that
cougress at onco provide a territorial government for these people. Serious questions, which
may at any tine lead to violent outbreaks, are
awaiting the institution of courts for their peaceful adjustment. The American genius for self
government has been well illustrated in Oklahoma, but it is neitlier safe nor wise to leave tbese
people longer to tte expedients which have torn- j
porarily served them.
Provision should be made for the acquisition of
title to town lots In the towns now established in
Alaska, for locating town sites and for the estab-
lisbmert at municipal governments. Oaly tte
mining laws have been extended to that territory,
and no other form of title to lands can now be obtained. The general land laws were framed with
reference to the disposition of agricultural lands,
aad it is doubtful if their operation in Alaska
would be beneficial.   *  *  *
In the adniinistra,tion of tit. toad laws the policy
of facilitating, ia every proper way, tbo adju-*
ment of the honest claims of individual settlers
upon the public lands has been pursued. The
number of pending cases had, during the preceding administration, been greatly Increased under
the operation of orders for a time suspending
final action ia a large part of the cases originating in tte west and northwest, and by tte subsequent use of unusual methods of examination.
Only those who are familiar with the conditions
under which our agricultural lands have been set-
tied can appreciate the serious and often fatal
consequences to the settler of a policy that puts
his title under suspicion, or delays the issuance
of his patent. Whilo care is taken te prevent and
to expose fraud, it should not be imputed without
reason.
Ihe manifest purpose of the homestead and
preemption laws was to promote the settlement
of tte public domain by persons having a bona
flde intent to make a home upon the selected
lands. Where this intent has been well established and the requirements of the law have been
substantially complied with, the claimant is entitled to a prompt and friendly consideration of
his case. But where there is reason to believe
that the claimant is the mere agent of another,
who is seeking to evades law intended to promote
small holdings, and to secure by fraudulent
methods large tracts of timber and other lands,
both principal aad agent should not only be
thwarted ln their fraudulent purpose, but should
be made to feel the fnll penalties ef our criminal
statutes. The laws should be so administered as
not to confound these two classes, aad to visit
penalties only upon tte latter.
(Reference is hare made to New Mexieo
and Arizona land titlea.)
Pensions.
The law now provides a penMoafor every soldier
and sailor who was mustered Into the service of
the United States during tte civil war aad ia now
suffering from wounds or diseasa having aa origin
hi the servioe and ia the 11ns of duty. Two of the
three necessary facts, viz., muster and disability,
ara uaially susceptible of easy proof; but the
third, origin ln tte service, tt often difficult, slid
fat many deserving cases LmpoS-ible te establish.
That very many of those who endured the hardships of our most bloody and arduous campaigns
are now disabled from diseases that had a real but
not traceable origin in I lie W_ line I do aot doubt
Besides these there is another class composed
of men many of whom served sa enlistment of
three full years, and of re-enlisted veterans who
added a fourth year of service, who escaped the
casualties of battle and the assaults (rf disease,
who were always ready for any detail, who were
in every battle line of their command, and were
mustered out ln sound health, and have, since tbe
close of tile war, while fighting witt tte same
indomitable and Independent spirit the contests
of civil life, been overcome by disease or casualty.
I am not unaware that the pension roll already
involves a very large annual expenditure, neither
am I deterred ty that fact from recommending
that congress grant a pension to such honorably
discharged soldiers and sailors of ths civil war as
having rendered substantial service during the
war are now dependent upon their owa labor for
a maintenance, and by disease or casualty are incapacitated from earning it. Many of the men
who would be included in this form of relief are
now dependent upon publio aid, and it does not,
In my judgment, consist with the national honor
that they shall continue to subsist upon the local
relief given indiscriminately to paupers instead of
npon the special and generous provision of ths
nation they served so gallantly and unselfishly.
Oar people will, I am sure, very generally ap
prove such legislation. And I am equally sure
that the survivors of the Union army and nary
will feel a grateful sense of relief when this
worthy aad suffering class of their comrades is
fairly cared for.
There are some manifest Inequalities In the existing law that should be remedied. To aome of
these tbe seoretary of tte interior bas called attention.
tt is gratifying to be able to stats that by the
adoption of new and better methods tt tbe war
department the calls of the pension offlee for Information as to the military and hospital records
pf pension claimants are now promptly answered,
and the injurious and vexatious delays that bave
heretofore occurred are entirely avoided. This
will greatly facilitate the adjustment of all pending claims.
fThe president then spoaks of the four new
states.) ''?_£
Protection of Railroad Employes.
The attention of tte interstate commerce commission has been called to tte urgent need of
congressional legislation for tte better protection
of the lives and limbs of those engaged in operating the great interstate freight lines sf the country, and especially of tta yardmen and brake-
men. A petition, signed by nearly 10,06* railway
brakemen, was presented tothe con.mission, ask-
Ing tim steps might be taken to bring about the
use of automatic brakes aad oouplers on freight
ears.
At a meeting of state railroad commissioners
and tbeir accredited representatives, held at
Washington in March last, upon tte invitation ol
the interstate commerce commission, a resolution
was unanimously adopted urging tte commission
"to consider what can be done to prevent the losa
of life and limb in coupling and uncoupling freight
cars, and in handling tte brakes of such cars."
During the year ending June SO, 1886, over 2.00C
railroad employes were killed in service, and more
than 20,000 injured.
tt is competent, I think, for congress to require
uniformity in the construction of cars used in In
terstate commerce, and the nae of improved
safety appliances upon such trains. Time will bc
necessary to make the needed changes, but as
earnest and intelligent beginning should bo made
at once. It is a reproach to our civilization thai
any class of American workmen should, in tte
pursuit of a necessary and usef ul vocation, bc
subjected to a peril of life and limb aa great ai
that of a soldier in time of war.
(The president then speaks of the department of agriculture, the weather service,
and the District of Columbia.)
Tbe proposition to observe the four hundretb
anniversary af tte disaovery of America by the
opening of a world's fair or exposition in some
one of oar great cities will be presented for the
consideration of congress. The value and interest of such an exposition may well claim the pro
motion of the general government.
In the course of lengthy ref erenoe to the
civil service commission, he says:
The reform of the civil service will make no
safe or satisfactory advance until the present law
and its equal administration are well established
In the confidence of tte people. It will be my
pleasure, as It is my duty, to see that tte law is
executed with firmness aad Impartiality. K
some of its provisions have been fraudulently
evaded by appointing officers, our resentment
should not suggest the repeal of tte law, but reform in its administration. We should have one
view of tte matter, and hold lt witt a sincerity
that is not affected by tte consideration that the
party to which we belong is for tte time in power.
My predecessor, on the 4th day of January, 1889,
by an executive order to take effect March 15,
brought the railway mail service under the opera
tion of tte civil service law. Provision was made
that the order should take effect sooner In any
state where an eligible Ust was sooner obtained
On the llth day of March, Mr. Lyman, then the
only member of tte commission, reported to me
in writing that it would not be possible to have
the list of eligibles ready before May 1, and requested tbat tte taking effect of tte order be
postponed until that time, which was done, subject to the same provision contained in the original order as to states in which an eligible list was
sooner obtained,
As a result of tfae revision of tte rules, of the
new classification, and of the inclusion of the railway mail service, the work of tte commission has
been greatly increased, and the present clerical
force ls found to be inadequate. I recommend
that the additional clerks asked by the commis
slon be appropriated for.   *   *   *
I am satisfied that both in and out of the classified service great benefit would accrue from the
adoption of some system by which tte officer
would receive the distinction and benefit that, in
all private employments, comes from exceptional
faithfulness and efficiency ia tte performance of
duty.
I have suggested to the heads of the executive
departments that they consider whether a record
might not be kept ln each bureau of all those elements that are covered by tte terms "faithfulness" and "efficiency,*' and a rating made showing
the relative merits of tte clerks of each class, tbis
rating to be regarded as a test of merit ln making
promotions.
I have also suggested to the postmaster general
that he adopt some plan by which he can, npon
the basis of tte reports to the department and ot
frequent inspections, indicate tte relative merit
of postmasters of each class. They will be ap
propriately indicated in the official register and in
tte report of the department That a great stimulus would thus be given to tte whole service I do
not doubt, and such a record would be tbe best
defense against inconsiderate removals from office.
(Tbe president here suggests a national experimental grant in aid of education.)
The "Color Question."
The colored people did not intrude themselves
upon us; they were brought here in chains and
held in the communities where tbey are now
chiefly found, by a cruel slave code. Happily for
both races they are now free. They have, from
a standpoint (rf ignorance and poverty, which
was our shame, not theirs, made remarkable advances in education and in tha acquisition of
property. They have, as a people, shown themselves to bo friendly and faithful towards the
white race, under temptations of tremendous
strength. They have tteir representatives in the
national cemeteries where a grateful government
has gathered the ashes of those who died in its
defense.
They have furnished to our regular army regiments that have won high praise from their commanding officers for courage and soldierly qualities, and for fidelity to tte enlistment oath. In
civil life they are now tte toilers of their communities, making their fall contribution to the
widening streams of prosperity jf hich these communities are receiving. Their sudden withdrawal
would stop production, and bring disorder into
(he household as well as the shop. Generally,
they do not desire to quit their homes, and then-
employers resent the interference of the emigration agents who seek to stimulate such a desire.
But, notwithstanding all this, in riany parts ot
our country where the colored population is large
the people of that race are, by various devices,
deprived of any effective exercise of their polities r>s_i sod vt m-t cf HreU* civil rights. Thp
wrong does not expend itself upon those whose
votes are suppressed. Every constituency in tho
Union Is wronged.
It has been tte hope ot every patriot that a
sense of justice and of respect for the law would
work a gradual cure of these flagrant evils.
Surely no one supposes that the present can be
accepted as a permanent oondition. If it is said
that these communities must work out this problem for themselves, we have a right to ask whether
they are at work upon it. Do ttey suggest any
solution. When and under what conditions is
the black man to have a free ballot? Wben is he
in fact to have those full civil rights which have
so long been his ln law? When is that equality
of influence which onr form of government was
intended to secure to the electors to be restored*
This generation ahonld courageously face these
grave questions, and not leave them as a heritage
of woe to tte next. The consultation should
proceed with candor, calmness and great patience; upon the lines of justice and humanity,
not of prejudice and cruelty. No question in
our country can be at rest except upon the firm
base of justice and of the law.
I earnestly Invoke the attention of congress to
the consideration of such measures within its
well defined constitutional powers as will secure
to all our people a free exercise of the right of
suffrage and every other civil right under the constitution and laws of tho United States. No evil,
however deplorable, can justify the assumption,
either on the part of the executive or of congress,
Of powers not granted; but both wili be highly
blamable if all the powers granted are not wisely
but firmly used to correct these evils. The power
to take tte whole direction and control of the
election of members of tte house of representatives Is clearly given to the general government.
A partial and qimlifi. d supervision nf these elections is now provided for by law, and in my opinion
this law may be so strengthened and extended as
to secure, on tha whole, better results that can be
attained by a law taking all tte processes of such
election Into federal control. Tha colored maa
should be protected in alt of his relations to the
federal government, whether as litigant, juror,
or witness in our courts, as an elector for members of congress, or as a peaceful traveler upon
our interstate railways.
The  Merchant Marine.
Va the courso of hia remarks on the merchant marine, tho following occurs:
I recommend tbat such appropriations be made
for ocean mail service, in American steamships,
between our ports and those of Central and
South America, China, Japan and the important
islands ln both of tbe great oceans, as will be liberally remunerative for the service rendered,
and as will encourage the establishment and in
some fair degree equalise the chances of American steamship lines in the competitions which
they must meet. That the American states lying south of us will cordially co-operate In establishing and maintaining such lines of steamships to their principal porta 1 do not doubt.
We should also make provision for a naval reserve to consist of such merchant ships, of American construction and of a specified tonnage and
speed, as the owners will consent to place at tta
use of the government, in case of need, aa armed
cruisers. England has adopted this policy, and
as a result can now, upon necessity, at once place
upon her naval list some of the fastest steamships
in the world. A proper supervision of the construction of such vessels would make their conversion into effective ships of war veiy easy.
I am an advocate of economy in our national
expenditures, but it is a misuse of terms to make
this word describe a policy that withholds an expenditure for the purpose of extending our foreign commerce. The enlargement and improvement of our merchant marine, the development
of a sufficient body of trained American seamen,
the promotion of rapid and regular mail communication between the ports of other countries and
our own, and the adaptation of large and swift
American merchant steamships to naval uses, in
time of war, are public purposes of the highest
concern.
The enlarged participation of our people in the
carrying trade, the new and increased markets
that willbe opened for the products of our farms
and factories, aad the fuller and better employment of oor mechanics, which will result from a
Liberal promotion of our foreign commerce, insure
the widest possible diffusion of benefit to all the
states and to all our people. Everything is most
propitious for the present inauguration of a liberal and progressive policy upon this subject, and
we should enter upon it with promptness and decision.
The legislation which I have suggested, tt ia
sincorely believed, nil! promote the peace and
honor of our country and the prosperity and security of the people. I invoke the diligent and serious attention of congress to the consideration
Of these and such other measures as may be presented, having the same great end in view.
Benj. Ha-UU-.on.
Executive Mansion, Washington, Dec. 3, 1$_9.
A Jury Drawn.
Messrs. F. R. Fertig ;and J. H. Trautman, jury commissioners, and Sheriff
Miller Thursday morning drew the following jury for a special civil term, commencing January 6th.
1. AUwein, Elijah, farmer. North Lebanon.
2. Bachman, Henry, farmer, Londonderry.
3. Beckley, George £., Iarmer, Jackson.
4. Blantz, Milton, tinsmith, Third Ward.
5. Baeshore, Plank B., East Hanover.
6. Boltz, Morris, firmer, Swatara.
7. Dewalt, Joel, tinsmith, Fourth Ward.
», Dohner, Frank J..organ works, 6th Ward
.. Donley, Wm., engineer, CornwaU.
10. Eby, Joha, farmer. Jack-on.
11. Hills.Geo. W., blacksmith, Jonestown.
1*2 Fauber, Wm. C., coaehmaker, 1st Ward.
13. Field, George, laborer, North Lebanon.
14. Foreman, Daniel, founder, 3rd Ward.
15. Forney, Adam R., merchant, N. Annville
IK. Fox, John, manufacturer. 5th Ward.
17. Gabei, John II., mason, X. Annville.
18. Gates, Allred, blacksmith, 4tb Ward.
19. Gebhard, Martin, merchant, Bethel.
20. Gioh, Jacob B„ justice, Union.
21. Groh, Was. Is., farmer, N. Lebanon.'
•li. Bellman, Aaron F., carpenter, N. Leba'n.
23. Heisey, Henry, farmer, S. Lebanc n.
21. Uemplaton, Abraham, farmer, London'y
26. Holt-man, Daniel A, iarmer, Jackson.
20. Kline, John sr., carpenter, Cornwall.
27. Kurtz, John Jf., carpenter, H. Cornwall.
St Laudermilch, John __L merchant 4th Wd.
29. Light, Boas W., clerk, 6th Ward.
30. Ludwlg, Ellas, farmer, Millcreek.
31. Marely, Henry li., farmer, N. Lebanon.
32. McCord, Wm., painter, 2nd Word.
33. MUler, Henry (5., grocer, 2nd Ward.
3_, Moore, Cyras, painter, 6th Ward.
35. Bauch, Adam, laborer. Union.
_6. I_aud_j_bu3l_, John K., clerk, 1st Ward.
37. Beinoehi John, merchant, 4th Ward.
38. Koyer, Samuel A., stonedealer, MUlcreek
39. Sholly. Levi, butcher, 5th Ward.
4e. Snotterly, Jacob, gentleman. Bethel.
41. Tobias, John W., Cierk. 1st Ward.
41. Uhrich, Wm. K.. teacher, Jackson.
43. Walmer, John, farmer, N. Lebanoa.
44. Weaver, Joha A., pomp maker, S. Leb'n.
45. Witmer, Abraham, laborer, Cornwall
K. Witmer, Henry, J. S., butcher, Cornwall.
47. Woomer, Henry 6., laborer, Jackson.
48. Young, John, drover. Union.
ISSUED EVERt*WEDNESDATBY
31 ■. Wintltf _os,„^Q .-*-**
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:
ONE YEAR,        -        -        SI.50
WVABIABLY IN ADVANCE.
6___TThe above rate includes payment
of postage by us. Subscriptions can
commence any time during the year
Bailroad Wreck.
An accident occurred Friday morning
at 6 o'clock on the Cornwall & Lebanon
railroad, near the South Ninth Street
miii 11 gt-m_3i n**»jJ__a_5_A: Bj___i6_ta in ~__To
killing of the engineer and fireman, who
made a miraculous escape. No. 4 engine
of tbe fast freight, doe ia tbis city at 6
o'clock, Friday morning when in the
vicinity of the long lane cut loose from
the train and ran ahead with the intention of rnnning into March's stone
quarry, bat not having entered soon
enough the train of cars, running at great
speed, struck the tank of tbe engine. An
eight-wheel house car, which was in the
_. n 'ruck U_c tank of the engine. The
eat ntti untrucked and tbe body had such
a momentum that it slid over the top of
the tank nntil it came to the cabin of the
engine, which it smashed into splinters,
and only stopping when it had landed
high on the boiler, where it was impeded
by the sand box, which was also demolished. Charles Flannigan, engineer, and
Joseph Wager, fireman, were slightly injured about the head. Thejwreck presented a peculiar spectacle and attracted
great crowds of sightseers.
Want to Borrow100,000.
Coanty Commissioners Geo. U, Spang,
A. J. Meredith and David Zellers yesterday applied to the Court for an order to
make a loan of $100,000, the money to be
used to pay the indebtedness of the uew
county jail now being erected on South
Eighth street Tbe jail itself will cost
about $85,000 and with the building of a
stable and grading andplaciug tbe premises in condition this sum will be increased to .100,000. Judge McPherson bas
granted the order and efforts will now be
made to sell bonds bearing 5 per cent, interest.
Firmly ia Line.
The Democratic minority in the House
of Representatives has taken its stand
firmly on the line whieh was held by the
m -jority Id tbe last House.
Tbere is to be no wavering and no retreat on their tariff reform issue.
Ia the caucus Mr. Scott Wike, of Illinois, introduced the following|resolution,
which was adopted unanimously:
Resolved, That we, the Democratic members
ol the House of Representatives ot tbe Fifly-
flrst Congress, at the beginning of its flrst session, hereby send greeting to the people of the
conntry the assurance ot our continued confidence and devotion to the principles of tariff
reform as embraced lu President Cleveland's
mt ssage to the last Congress upon that subject, and la tae platform ot principles adopted
by thu last Democratic National Convention
at St. Louis; and that we bail with delight the
emphatic approval ot those principles by the
people as expressed at the polls In the recent
elections, and we pledge them to renew and
continue in Congress the contest for a reduction ol war taxes, so ably begun and prosecuted ln former Congresses by onr Kepresenta-
timus and Senators.
The Cremation Business Dull.
Cremation, as a means of disposing of
the dead, bas almost proved a failure in
Lancaster, wbere the flrst furnace was
erected about six years ago. At first the
idea was quite popular and a nnmber of
bodies were incinerated, coming from
different parts of the conntry, as far
west as St. Lonis, and north to Buffalo.
Their business was one that was killed
by advertising, the members say, as publicity had the effect of starting furnaces
in almost every large city of the conn-
tory, compelling the home company to depend wholly on local patronage, which
latterly amounted to nothing at all. During the last fiscal year only two bodies
were incinerated, and thus far this year
the furnace has not been heated.
West Lebanon Township.
Tbe votets of Nortb Lebanon township having voted affirmatively on tbe
question of dividing said township into
two separate townships, Judge McPherson has issued a decree in the matter and
ordered a special election to be held in
the township on Saturday, December 23,
for the election of the proper township
officers. Lerch's store has been selected
as the polling place.
Will Bemove to this City.
Mr. Harry G. Bise, who has been a
resident of California for the past 25
years, and for some time a mail route
agent between Omaha and Ogden, has
resigned and will remove to this city with
his family. He has secured a lialf interest ia tbe Mt. Gretna Ice Company, to
which he will give attention.
■ —»    m       .1
Letter List.
Lebanon, Pa., Dec. 10,1389.
Ladles' List—Mr. James Foster.  Mrs. J. C.
Gent, Miss Mary Lenlch, Miss Ilatlie K. Span
UBler, Miss Mary A. Swope, Miss ISlraii-a E.
White.
Gents' List.—Merlon Holllnger. H. J. Honck,
Wm. Beck, L. W. Daubert, F. A. Uapsly, K.
L. Bansicaer, Henry iinrshey, Albert Leininger. Joseph H. Miller, B. F. Morretts, David
Kosenberger, F. W. Savastrian, Elias Sholly,
J. G. Smith. George Beck, David Wineliold.
WM. M.BUESLIN, P. M.
___>   a    ■ i
A man wbo has practiced medioine for
40 years, ought to knew salt from sugar ;
read what he says :
Toledo, O., Jau. 10,1887.
Messrs, F. J. Cheney & Co.—Gentlemen :—I bave been in the general practice
of medicine for most 40 years, aud would
say that in all roy practice and experience
bave never seen a preparation that I could
prescribe with as much confidence of success as I can Hall's Catarrb Cure, manufactured by yoo. Have prescribed it %
great many times and its effect is wonderful, and wonld say in conclusion tbat I
bave yet to find a oase of Catarrh that it
would not oure, if they would take it ae*
cording to directions.
Tours Truly,
L. L. GORSUCH, M. D.
Office, 315 Summit St
We will give $100 for aay case of
Catarrh that can cot be cured with Hall's
Catarrh Cure.   Taken internally.
F. J. CHENEY & CO., Proprietors,
Toledo,©.
l3P~Sold by Druggists, 75 cento]
Hoy. W, .9.— lmo.
Bought and Sold.
Mrs. S. 8. Thomas has purchased from
Mc Joseph Pinkerton tbe lot on the
northwest corner of Fifth and Guilford
streets, for $400.
Jacob Light bas sold bis farm of 22
acres formerly the property of Henry
Fisher, deceased, situate two miles west
of Mt. Zion, to George Field, for $2,200.
John L. Moyer and Elmira 8. Moyer,
executors of Margaret TT it._... hav*
sold to Catharine !....__.ru:.i_ii a piece of
ground in Richland.   Consideration $77.
Mr. E. D. Krali has purchased from
Messrs. Abraham Hershberger, John A.
Fox, William G. Bergner, and Daniel
Grae-f, trustee of St. Paul's Evangelical
churoh, the lot adjoining tho churoh on
North 8th St., for $1,250.
Geiieral Mahone is Cross.
A lively little, wrinkled old man, with
long thin gray beard, which ha nervously stroked and twisted; keen, dark
eyes which peered from under his shaggy
eye-brows and his thick, gray hair hanging down to the collar of hk coat, was
the centre of observation in the corridors
of the Fifth Avenue hotel, Now York,
Tuesday night It was Mahone, of
Virginia, recently defeated for governor.
His vest and coat were in a state of loose
connection, and his white broad-brimmed
slouch hat was one that has passed
through several readjustment campaigns.
"What the devil has a man, who was
licked as bad as I was, got to say '_"' he
said in reply to my greeting. "Jnst at
present I don't care to discuss all the
causes which led up to my defeat. The
Democrats purged the poll lists of 39,000
Republican names a week before election,
and they counted out 10,000 Republican
votes at tb* polls. I was beaten by <
fraud, but I don't care to say any more
about that phase ef it Just now."
"Are you going to be a candidate for
governor again ?"
"That's too long a time ahead to talk
about I'm not out of politics, however.
Pa not one of the kind that gets discouraged easily. It was my way when t
was a soldier and got beat to dull up my
belt another notch and go at 'em again.
I think we sball be able to interest the
Democrats over there • little at the next
election of congressmen. We shall toy
tt.*' General Mahone declined to discuss
the colored vote or the administration in
connection* with the Virginia campaign.
New Base Ball League-
At a meeting of base ball representatives at the Leland hotel, Harrisburg,
last week, the Inter-State Base Ball
League was organized to take tbe place
of the Middle States League of last season. A constitution was prepared and a
salary limit of $100 was agreed upon.
Visiting clubs will receive a guarantee of
$65, which to $15 more than last year, or
40 per cent, ofthe gate receipts. A traveling corps of umpires will be appointed
at a salary of $125 per month, but will ba
compelled to pay their own expenses
from that amount
Lebanon, Harrisburg, Allentown,
Easton, Scranton, Wilkesbarre and Wil-
mington, Del., will compose the League
and itis intended to place strong clubs
in tbe field, each of whioh wiQ bave to
deposit a guarantee fund of $500 that tbe
season will ba played out. Tbe following officers were elected: President,
secretary and treasurer, Wm. H. Volta,
Philadelphia; vice president, Wm. M.
Douglass, Allentown; directors, James
T. Kelly, Wilmington; James Farting*
ton, Harrisburg; J. G. Humes, Lebanon;
J. C. Mishler, Altoona. Schedule committee—-Altoona, Lebanon and Alien-
to wn. The meeting adjourned to meet
ia Allentown at tbe call of the president.
Only Two Mills Next Year.
The Berks county people are greatly
elated oyer the fact that the county commissioners have reduced the eounty tax
from 3 mills to 2i mills. The ci«nw*..i-
sioners of Lancaster county have »iveu
our people tbe lower rate Im some
years notwithstanding extraordinary expanses, amounting to $40,000 this year
and the payment of $50,000 of the county
debt. They have also decided that it
sball be only 2 mills next year.
It the Check System Illegal.
Charles E. Diefenderfer, manager of a
tea company doing business on Penn
street, Reading, last week was arrested
for giving checks to customers entitling
them to a present upon the presentation
of a stated number of them. At the
hearing the defense was set up that the
act inflicting the penalty upon this sort
of dealing was unconstitutional. The
case was held under advisement
New lee Mouse.
The new ice house of the Conewago
lee Company to 200 feet long and 60 feet
wide and is rapidly approaching completion. The walls are up and the sheating
inside is being pnt bs position. The
scliute for conveying the ice from Conewago Lake to tbe house by steam is
partly finished, while the ground floor of
tbe ice house is being made ready to be
commenced. It ;will hold 15,000 tons of
ice.
Pension Certificates.
A statement has been prepared at the
pension office, showing tbe number of
pension certificates issued during the
month of November in each of the last
four years to have been as follows: November, 1886, 7,385; November, 1887,
8,052; November, 1888, 10,587; November , 188a, 14,189.
Officers Elected.
The following persons have been elected by tbe Union Fire company to represent them in tbe City Fire Department:
Trustees, William J. Sayers, Edwin M.
Weaber and Wiliiam Phreaner. Delegates, Adam Allwein, Frank B. Motzer
and Joseph Weaber. Alternates, Jobn
G. Aulenbach and Romanus Arnold.
Additional Machinery.
Tbe Lebanon Match company has
ordered a lot of new machinery, whicb,
when placed in position, will double the
present capacity of the works, and will
be able to ship two carloads every three
weeks.
Rev. Wm. H. Chapman, Pastor of M.
E. Church, Georgetown, D. C, wrote us :
Having had an opportunity to test the excellent qualities ef Dr. Bull's Cough
Syrup, I hesitate not to say, it is the best
remedy I bave ever used in my family,"
For croup and whooping cough it is a
sure cure.
A. Bich Find. n--—<3_£
Tbe Sam of MOO ln Gold Found In aa
Old Clicster County 9111k Can.
L. S. Fox, of Lion ville, Chester coimTyJ
to a tinner by trade, and on Tuesdit, he
went to a farm house in the upyt-r part
of the county to do some repairing to a
tin roof. Upon his completing the work
he was told by the old farmer tbat there
were several old milk cans in the pitrrak
of.the old homestead tbat needt-.1 tie
application of some solder. Fox ac.'nd-
ingly repaired to the attic and bi^an
knocking the old cans around. Soon lie
struck one with something in it, and
upon opening it out rolled $360 in bean M-
ful $10 and $20 gold pieces and two silver
half dollars. lie at once cominunicat, d
the facts concerning his find to tbe owner
of the cans, who was as much surprised
as Mr. Fox, but be finally recalled to
mind tbe fact of his having placed the
shining coins thero over tec. years ago,
on the occasion of bis having been called
from bome for a short time, and since
tben he had never thought of tbem.
This would seem to argue against the
stories going tbe rounds as to farming
not being a lucrative occupation.
__L W intmuti'm e-wmv.et  it al.
She to permanently deprived of her
charms of faoe and form, and made unattractive by tbe wasting eflects of ailments
and irregularities peculiar to her sex. To
check this drain upon, uot only her strength
and healtb, but upon her amiable qualities
as well, to her first duty. This is safely
aud speedily accomplished by a course of
self treatment with Dr. Pierce's Favorite
Prescription, a nervine aud tonic of wonderful efficacy, and prepared especially for
the alleviation of those suflering from
"dragging down'1 pains, sensations of
nausea, and weakness incident to women—
a boon to ber sex.   Druggists.
Postal Eccomr.iendationt.
Postmaster General Wanamaker. in
his annual report on the United States
postal service with 00,000 postmasters
and 150,000 employes, is strongly opposed
to making so many changes in the heads
of departments. He advocates the application of business principles to tbe practical operations of the postal service and
favors tbe appointment of a general
manager for 10 sears at a salary of $10,-'
000 a year. Ha then wants the United
States divided into 20 postal districts,
says cheaper postage will__ eventually
come, that parcel postage ia not practical
now owing to the want of room in tie
various post offices, and finally advocates
postal telegraph to a certain extent, and
says that postal savings banks might pay
2 per cent.
Purchased County Bight.
Ex-Deputy Sheriff Landis Gerberich
purchased the county ri-^ht of tbe 'Daisy
Farm Gate,' wbich, for several days
was on exhibition in front of the Court
House. The gate is quite an improve *
ment on many of the gates now in use.
It is patented and readily sells among the
farmers, who seeing it at once realize its
merits.
Kitty Bhoads.
This charming and talented young
actress, supported by a strong company,
is filling a week's engagement in Fisher's Hall. Mias Kittie scored a grand
success last season in this city, and will
do so again.
Bemembered.
Mr. Robert H. Coleman, before leaving for Florida, gave each of the Lebanon fire companies a present of $50, as a
token of his appreciation of their services.
—Have you seen the 5-A Five Mile
Horse Blanket ? 11 not, why not ? If you
have a horse you need it.—Nov. 27-2m.
Any tt our readers wanting positions
right off on salary and expenses paid, with
an old and reliable firm should refer at
once to the advertisement in another column headed "A ohance to mako money,' _
K