Lancaster Examiner and Herald

              Cftticftstc
jeftjitttta:
VOL. XXIV.
LANCASTER, PA., WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20. 1850.
NEW SERIES, VOL. XII-NO. 12.
rUDLISHED   BV  , ,„,,.. liDWAUU C,   UAiJ J.INOTO.N,
The EX.V.MINER&1-)I£M0CKAT1C HEKALU i.s publi-lioa wceklv nt T^vo doi-i^m::? a year. ADVKini.<^:MKNTsnotexeoedinsone sqnare w.ll bo inserted three limes lor one dollar, and twcnty-fi^e cents will be ehargod fur eiich additional insorUQn A lihcr.ll di<L-..init allowc.l to thoi=e aavertt.-,ing bj the ye:ir. 	
A CARO.
THE stibsi'riberfl beg Icnve thus to acquaint tbeir tri.-iuN "ud llie public that they have made fuch iinniiK'iii'.ut-'' ^'xth a house in PhiUdeiphia, oa will ennbi.' tb. m to execute orders for thc
ruiicn.ASt: anp sale of
Bank and Railroad Stocks, State and
¦United States Loans, &c.,
lit the Br.;;rd -.if HiMiitrti. with promptness and fidelity. and on as niv.inible terms Sn every respect, os it can be dom- i:i I'bii.'d.dpbia. Tho faithful and couBdenth-iI exeeutiuii uf nil bu!;iuess entrusted to them may be re- iie.l oo.
:.10.\'1'".V .'^afely invested for Individuala or cftatea in Boiid-i an.l .Mortgaqes, State orUnited State.* ?ecuritieri. kc. kc IV-r.-onal attention will be Riven to the proj'-- and iierlect traosferfl, &,c. of Stoclis. l-o.-m.'^. kc such geuend ."inperviHion n« will obtnin for lb tru-siiiig business to tbem, the t>afe?t and most d. Eecuritied.
Al.-'o. tho coUcctiouF of Xotefi. Cbfck.5. Bill;*. Stc. on Philadelphia. Neff Vorlt. Battiinore. and the lown^. S;c. in this vicinity. Per?ous de.^rous of huyinp or «clUng any stock of our Lancnvt.r Bank^i, Cooe.'^toga Slenni .MlllB. Gaa. orTumpikeSiock. by leaving their orders in ourhandswill receive prompt attentiou.
Jonx K. SMiioi>rit. ^ Ukomui: It. Retd.
J. F- SHUODEU k CO. X w. Corner Hast King and Duke etreetS;
Feb lo iillj   Lancaster City. Pa.
Money "^Vauted.
F. (\f)(\ WAXTEDonthelstof April nest,
fJj\J\J\J 10 be ."ei-ured by miirtgageon re.il estate worth *1-J Od'J.   inquire at ibis oflice. February 6 . 4l'l(i
. lind
e en-
¦sirable
Xotice.
THE Tax Collectors for the County of Lancfia- ter. for tho year 1M9. are hereliy infonncd that, it their duplicates arc uol li-jiiidated and aettled off, on or bafore the F1FTEKNT>I UF MARCH Nl^XT. p^oces^ will i?sue againsi tbem. fur llie tirr.!arai;es. without any further notice, -and ;dl defaulting collectors, whu shidl be in arrear on thc next day of appeal wili not be re¬ appointed. I'Laiicister, Feb 13 td-ll
ScUiu? ofl* Winter Clothing.
GREAT BAKGAIXS at the LANCASTER H.\LL OF F.\:5HI0NS.—rersons whoarein-^raui of CLOTHING, (and nU those who are not in Immedi¬ ato want) would be well jiaid for their visit by calling at the above place aud examining lbe exten.iive Rtock. which will fnlly prove ibat lbe proprietor can ofTer in- ducemenis to the public such fli were never before of¬ fered In the citv ot Latic-a.-ter.
JOiiSl'il GURMFLY. Proprietor. Lauco&ter Hall ol Fa^^liion, North Queen .-treet. 3 doord soutb of Orange Lancaster. Feb. 13. ISJO. if-U.
WOTICE.
T^HE subscriber iii-oubi inlbrm all those tvlio -*¦ have any favurs in hi.- liue of bu.*inef*'. lo bring them in at once, as hc intend^ leaviug Lancasier in April. Ho eonlinucj to keep on baud a lar^e assorl¬ ment of LOOKI.NG GL.\SSr:S. I'lriT'llK KRAMKS. tc, which he would bu liapiiy to dispose of at COST.
Hc would ul.-^o inform tb..se ubo have ordered work. and who have neglected to e.iU for the nam', that hi' will be obliged to ui?pn>e of such at public vendue, it not called for by lbe bitter part of .Murch.
U;^ All pcr.Miii? indebted lo him will p|i>nse make payment ai early as possible, aud ttiOEC having claims against him are rcqii''>ted to pro.^i'iil them.
Foa S*i K. a file ot the Pubiie Led;;.-r from Oclober 1910. to this dale
Feb 13—tf-m GEORGE F.  MKKSllR.
DR. F. MILLER, PRACTICAL HOMlEOPATIUC PHYSICIAN
-¦- from G.-rmany, re;;ular Graduate of tbo L'niversi- tles of Greifsvfulde and Halle, aud pupil of the cel.-bra- ted Dr. Hartman of Leipzi.-;;. ofT.-r.-; his professional services ad a Homici-paihic t'hVf=iciau, Snrgeon and Ac¬ coucheur, to thc L-itJzi'Qs of Lnncaster aud vicinilv.— Office in tho second storv of Kramph's Uuilding. ear¬ ner cf North tiueen and Orange streets, and immedi¬ ately opptir-ite the Posi Office.
February 13 1f 1 j
Tavern Licenses.
In the <liiarlcr Sessions of the Peace of Laneaiter Co.: > 1844.—April lit 'J'heCourtorderaud direet.that all Remonstrances .n<:;ain>t Tavern License.s nball be filed onor beiore the Tuesday of lbe.SeHsion.s to -which lhe Peliliou is presented: and no remoustrances tiled after that time shall be rec.}ive.l. except upon .such terms as ju*ti''e tOHll partii'i* shall seem to require.
1S50—January 'IS. TheCourt order that .ill T.avern Lic^nsei presented for hearing at tbe lwo fir.-t term.s of the year- Bball be tak.'u up and decided upon at the meeiing of the Court on the firat Saturday morning of oarh ol said terms, subject to .'iuch orders of conlinu- ance mt the busine.'s may require.
Attest: 1). M. .MARTIN. Clk. (ir.SesMous.
Lan. Fib 13 Ct-11
Relgai-t's Old Wine store.
T^HE subacriber reapectfully in- ¦^ forms the publie that he has on hand, and will always keep a large and SUPERIOR-STOCK OF ALL KINDS OF LIQUOR, including the old and ex-' tensive atock of the late Adam RcifJABT.Eaq. which hc will Fell at aa reasonable rates aa any other eetabllsh- ment In Philadelphia or elsewhere; the public may re¬ ly on beiug as well accommodated oa at any time here¬ tofore.
Also—For sale OLIVE OIL cf superior quality, and Demijohns of all size.-^.     HKNRV t. SLAV.MAKER,
Lnn. Feb G 4t-10)  Agent.
FURNITURE WARE ROOMS. Conrad Anne, Jr.,
RESPECTFULLY iaforma hia frien Js and the public generally, that lie continu.-P the bu-MUCBS of CABINET .M.VKlNG.in East King Street. 4 doors Kiist of John N Lane's store, where he uill always be prepared to supply tho or- ij.'rs ofhis friond.«i and the public.
He will couFtantly havc on hand, or be ready to man¬ ufacture to order.
.Mithogany BureauK at jilO DO
Do       Centre Tables at JilO to l.'i 00
Do      Sideboards at $.10. ^15 to 20 00
Pier. Card and Dining Tables, Sofa-louogtJB. Ladies, Work Stands and Dressing Bureana, Wardrobes, Sofa- Tables, Pedestals, Secretaries. Book Ca,ses. Desks and Hat Standi. Also a new stylo of Attorney Desks and liook Case.", Kitchen Dressers, and Bedsteads made as low as ¦J.S 00. Dough Troughn. kc COFFINS. will be made with despatch. Funerals will be attended to at the shortest notice.
Haviug determined to dcvoto himself clo-'cly to busines..*, and to employ none but tried workmen, he will be able to eell his work cheap for Cash. He will be uble alao to warrant all his work, ap he is resolved to use none but the beat materials,
MATRASSES.
straw Matra.=sefl, made from $3 50 to fl 00
Straw and Cotton       '¦  4 50 to B 00
M03.S .Matraspcs, '¦  8 OOto 1500
liair        do '¦         10 to 20 00
.Matrnsces make of Com husk.t and supcnor to any thing in use. from fo to <•&. Al^o, Spring Matrasses made to order.
CHAIRS.
Mahogany Chairs, from 53.00 to 6 00
c:niie "      I.£0to2 LO
Ruih Bottom   "        *•     1.50 to 2 50
.-Vnd  a large  asEortment of Wind-sor Chasrs, which will be sold from ;^350 to iS afet. BLINDS, of all sizes and colors from -ji'd to $5. Dauiarik and other Curtains made and hung, lo order, .-Vl.-'o, Bug Poison, for the destruction of Bug,-*, Roach¬ es', .Ants, tic. warranted to destroy  the same,  or no chnrge.
.'\n I'scellent Furniture Cor to lot bythe day. hour or load.
All thi: above article." are warranted nnd sent tn any part of the  rountrj-. with care and despatch provided lliere j;i a load purchased.                             C. ANNE. _F.^i^7 3m-l0.
Furniture^ Cbairs, &c.
GJ.RE--\.T inducements ftre now of- ' lered to cash buyers at tho corner of Kast King and Duke .streets, where may be found one ol tbe hest manufactured and most fashionable STOCK OK FURNI¬ TURE, consisting of tiiknch uKnsTKAns, SOFAS, uriiEAVS- L-HAiRs. ko., ever offered to the people of Lanca.-ter city and county, to whom hc ri-turus his thanks fur past favors. Imping th.it hc may still receivea ^hare of public prlrunage,
.-Ml ocouomical buyers are re(]uested tocall and e.\- ainine his beautiful tstock. beiore mnkinp thuir pur- cbase.s elsewhere. c. AViD.MVKR.
JiiH. -I'-i 3m-S
MR, CLAY'S  SPEECH.
CONCLUDED.
iVc^T liat &¦ Cap Storc.
East King St., a  few doors West of Farmer^s Bnnl-.
LEVI SMITII reapectfully informs liis friends and the public, that hc bas just received and is now opening at hi..) new Slore, a splendid assortment nf new and fashionable
Hats & Caps, for fall and winter wear, whjeh have been s.lected with great caro. and will be sold ftt the lowest cash price.s. For beauiy and superiority of finish they cannot be purpassed. His etock con.«isls, in part, of ^ilk, Beaver. Nutria. Brush -Moleskin. Russia. Cassi¬ mere. i:c.. of various size* and shapes, I1,\TS made to order at short notice as desired.
CAPS, CAPS, CAPS!
Hi-i stock of Caps are of various styles and prices.— He has received a new style of H.VT-C.-M":? with a Tari¬ ety of other pattern.s. such as Velvet. Cloth, Glazed, kc. Calland examine his stock, in East King street, betweeu the Court Ilouse and the Farmers* Bank.
N. B.—Hats bought at this establishment will be ironed free of charge. LEVI S.MITH.
November 7 lyr-50
Bed Posts and Table liCgs,
OF  every variety, ulwayg on hand and for s.';,-ilo at the Turning nud Saw .Mill" of Sa1isbur>-, Nov" 40]       A. F. k S. C  SLAVMAKER
JLanca-Ntcr Saviags Institution.
NOTICE.
AT a meeting of the Board of Trusteea of the Lancaster Savings Institution, held on the ISth of October ItiM. it was among oiber ihin-'s
n.taltitd. That Ten Thouian.l rt-"- c""^ i.n,,„..v
Slock 01 the I.jinciuster savings Instiiutit.u. in addition to that already Paid iu, be and the same is hereby re¬ quired to !>.¦ paid by the Stockholders, (being T.'U Uul- lars on each Share of Slock.) iu four equaf quarterly instalment', as folloir..:. viz: One-fourth thereof on the 1st day of April. IS.'jO. Do, do.    .li>.    I^iday ot Julv,     "
Do. do.     dn.    l-l day of October."
Do, dn.    do,     ]-;t day of Jan'y. 1S51.
s,nd that lhe ttrao.^ f.T declaring tbe semi-annual divi¬ dends be changed from the l.sl ThurBdny.i in -May .^nd November, to the l>t Thursdays in July and Janu.-iryof i-ach year; at the -'-ame time il w.-is also further
Residred. That from and afl.T the 1st .lav of N'ovem¬ ber. 1S49. the Rate.-* of Interest to he paid ou mou.-y^ deposited, be lus f.-IIows. viz:
On Sums deposited for 3 months. -Iperci-nt.
*¦       ¦¦ ¦¦ ¦¦    Candi*       ¦•       4i
and tbat the iuterc-t be paid ."emi-aunuallv on the 1:: month deposits
The Capital Stock of the Laneaster Savinps Institu¬ tion is fixed by the Act of Ineorporntion at ^.oO.UUii. of which sum-SSU-OUO has been already paid in an.l the ad¬ ditional instalments now ordered to be paid, will in¬ crease that amount to iaO.OtO by the 1st dav of Janua¬ ry, lS,'il. '
This In.stiintion presenl.i inducements to depositors of money >vJi-cb are not be f.imid in any other in:ititu- tion in the 6'tate, and enables persons having no im¬ mediate uses for their monies, to draw an amouot of interest thoiefor. eQu.il lothe ordinarj-r-ates paid in th.^ county, and upon the most undoubted security.
By Order uf the Board of Trustees,
CHAS. BOUGHTER. Treasnrer.
Feb. 13 ' 2ni-ll
Intended Removal.
•WILLIAM E. HEINITSH, "pESPECTFULLV informs hia friends and the -*-*' public, that'hi-'intends removing his Fancy aud Va¬ riety Store, about the '^Olli day of .March next, to the house formerly occupied as a residence by the Hon. James Buehauan.in Eii?;t King Street, ouedoor Eo-nt of the Lanea^ter County Bank, and directly opposite .Mr. C. ShiTti'a Hotel, when- iu addition'lu his present Stock, ue will keepa ireneral a-fortment of LADIES' A.M> OE.N'TLEMENd FLU.MSHING UOOUS, I'er- fnmery. Stationery. Brushes of all kinds. Hosicrj-. Gloves. Laces, Do;;mg,siand Inserting; Striped and Bar¬ red .MuMins; Silk. Linen. Cambric and Gingham Hdkfs.; Bonnet uud Cap, color.^d .Mantua and Satin Ribbons: Sewing Silks; Spool and Skein Cotton; I'at- ant aud Shoo Thre.ids; Pins: Needles; Tapes; Buttons; Galoons; Baskets of every description; Brooms; Whisks; (;ombB; Cord; Suspenders; Fancy Soap.i. J-c. fcc. together with every other article usually kepi'in Variety Establishments. Al=o. a Select assortment of now .Mu*ic. Musical Instruments aud .Merchandize,
Thankful for past favors, h.' n.'spectfully solicits a continnauee. aud assures the public tbat nothing shall be wanting on hid jiart to render liatisfacticn. JFeb^ie 4Ul^l
A Supplement
To an Ordinance entilled --Jlti Ordinanre proridini^ for the Kleclion and .Ippointment of cirtain Officers af the Corporation," pxs.'-ed thelSth daj-of February. A. D,. 1S49.
TX/'HEKEAS the necessary improvement of
' ' the Water Works will cause nnmerou.s additional duties to devolve upon thc Superinlendent. rendiring it impOEiible for Mm to attend to the collection of the w&ter taxes during its progreas:
Skct. 1. Be itlherefore ordained and enacted bythe citizens of Lancaster, in Select and Common Councils assembled. That the Select and Common Councils shall elect a Collector of the Water Taxes, independent ol thu Superintendent of the Water Works and Collector ofthe Water Rents ; and that such Cnllcrior of Water Taxes be eleclid on the second Tuesday of Febmary. A. D., iy;-0. and annually thereafter, when such Collce- tor'B sen'ices may be required.
Sect. 2 Be it further ordained. That thc Supcrin- tcnd'jnt oi the Water Work.s. and the Collector of the Wr.ter Rents shall be entitled to receive ior all his ficr- vices an annual salary of $4liU, payable quarUTly, du¬ ring such time that a Collector of Water Taxes may be chosen and conUuu.'j ia service
Sect, 3, Be'it further ordained. That so much of tho Faid ordinance as is hereby altered or supplied, is hereby repealed
Ordained and enacted into a l;tw at the city of Lan¬ easter. on thu Stb day of February. A  I)., lS;-0.
HENRY CARI-ENTER. Pres. S. C. WM, .MATHIOT, ITes. CC
Attest. JiMKS L. Ilcv.-'OLnfl. Clerk C. t:.: Jamf.s Blaci;. Clerk i). C. tLanca-';ter. Keb. 13—3t-l 1
Wanted In a Hardware Store
AN ACTIVE BOY, of good character, 15 or
•*^ 10 ye.^ro old. who speaks both tlio English and Ger¬ man biugnnires. to leam tho Hardware Btifinefs. En¬ quire at KLi.N'E'S Hardware Store, North Queen street. >*tw.^n_.Mii:Uael's_aod Kauffman's HotclB^ [Feb 13 U
Onion Setts!   Onion Setts I!
npHE Eubacrtber will open this day, a few
¦*-   Bushels Whiw and Yellow Onion Setts, a. very nu¬ perlor article.   Those in want aro invited tb coU , „,, GEORGE A. AHLLER,
1-eb 15 113  'West King sttoet.
i\ot tUe "WIIiMOT PROVISO, but
A BEE HIVE Proviso to make way for e- SPRING!
STILL MORE HONEV LEFT IN" TIIE BEE HIVE, in cnnsetiuence of the ilelerminatioD of
WENTZ & BilOTIlEH.
to olfer their Winter Stock at Reduced Prices, a Grand Hush has been thc result—but as there is a " few more lift of thc same sort" another iuvit.atiou is extended to one and .ill to secure the inducements offered, to niakv room for Spring Stock.
Over 103 Ladies have takeu advant.ipe to Eccure a
.AIAGNIFICEN'T LONG SIIAAVL. Cut Ladie.K not yet supplied call now, as a greater re¬ duction has takeu place, as they are determined to .sup¬ ply all who eaU, CHAS. E. WENTZ fcBRO.. Bkk Hive. North Queeu st.
, Lanea
JUST RECEIVED—! case superior Domestic GINGHAMS—which they offer for !:•] cents, not¬ withstanding the recent ri^e in the prie" of Domestic t:otton. BEK HIVE STOKE.
Feb tJ tf-10) North Queen Sireet.
FR£S1I   GROCERIES!
H. C. FONDERSMITH,
iLateftfthe Bee Hive Slore, Suecessorto Wm. L. Peiper.}
' rUE subscriber most respecttuliy informa hia X friends and tho public, and particularly the cus¬ tomers ofbis predecessor, that hc has taken that well- known stand, on the Corner of Ewt King and Duke strect.s. opposite the Farmers' Bank, where he intends in keep a large ane well selected stock of
FRESH GKOCERJES. LIQUORS, QUEENSW^VRE, and all other articles which arc geuerally kept in Gro-
¦ry EstabU.shment, Wholesale and Retail.
Country Merchants. Ilot.d Keepiirs, and all others, who purchase their Groceries. i:c., in largo quantities, will he supplied at a small advance ou Thilndera prices.
flSj-ALL KINDS OF COUNTRY PRODUCE'Sft WiU be taken iu exchange Ior G 0 O D S , for which the Ilighest prices will be paid.
The undersigned hopes by ."trict attention to business that he will receive a Uberal share of the public patron¬ age, II. C. FONDERS.MITH.
Lan. Jan 30 ly-O]       Opposite tbe Fanners' Bank.
Forgetliotl
THE VEUV GRE.'VT BARGAINS NOW OFFERED AT
ERBG9IS' STORE,
In the National House Building, North Queen Street, Lancaster.
WE have now on hnnd ft choice and full as¬ sortuieut of all descriptions of WINTER GOODS, whicii We offer now. as usual, at remarhi:bly luw prices. Persons wi.-;hinp bargains in the Dry Goods line, will be sure to be suited by caUingat £RBENS' Ci»:xp Sxor.i; I Kreneb Merinoes, of all shades, $1 to "j-l.-lb. Double Width Cashmeres, choice colors. 50,02 and 75 cts Figured De Laines. atl^^. 183 "i*^ -¦'* cts. Plain and I'rinted CaFbmere.-<, 2a. .11 ^ and 37] ets. Super Blk. .Alpacas, at IB^. -25 nnd 37.t eta.
" At ERBENS' •   SPLENDID LONG Sn.\WLS: at prices varying from $.3 to $10.    Figured  and  Black Dress  Silks, very cheap.     AL«o. Blankets,  Flannels, Tickings, &c.; Table and Piano Covers. Liuen Damask. Sheetings and Shirtings, unusually low.
At ERBENS' Cheap Store. JfST iiKCEivED an elegant lot of Furs, consisting of -MUFFS ANU BO.AS'! of tho very best manufacture ; and which wc will sell at usual profits.   Also.
CHILDREN'S MUFFS OF ALL SIZES:! at 37j,. iio, 75. $1 and upward.".   Togetlier with  an as- orlnient of'CIoths, Cassuneres, Ve.'^tlngs. Stocks. Cra- ¦ats, OJoves. Ho-siery, ka., kc
Wo close as we began with the wholc^omo advice and significant motto, lliat If you wish hargains. " FoacET Not" the Etore of        CHAS .M. ERBEN Si DRO,. National House Building. Lancaster, Pa. Dec 10 3
JBroclia I^ouj^ SUa^vls.
TUST RECEIVED a splendid ussortment of
V BROCHA LONG SHAWMS; also an elegant lot of the celebrated BAY STATE LONG PLAID SHAWLS of the mo,st desirable patterns, both Plain and Gay Styles, together with some beautiful Mourning Long Shawls, varying iu price from S.3.iji) to $,30.00. at the New Vork Store. GRIEL k GILBERT,
Nov 7 49
House Eurnishing^ Goods!
T. & H. BATJMCJARDNBR
T^vITE tbo etpucml nttcntion of persons -«- about to commence house keepiuir to their well se¬ lected assortment of Goods. Tbey have now in store a large stoek of FURNISHING GOODS CA.RPETINGS FUR-NITURE AND FLOOR OIL CLOTIiS PRIME FEATHERS, QUEENSWARE, LOOKIN J OL\8SEa Alfo, LARD, MNE OIL ANU FLCll> L.UiPS
LancaPter. Feb  0  '   ^f_^f,
1000 LBS.  BED FE.\TUEKS lOO BUSHELS CLOVER SEED 60 DO.      TIMOTHY SEED,
Just received and for fialc by Febfl—tf-lOJ C. HAGER k SON.
Carpets, Oil Cloths, Paper Hangings, Sec.
THREE-PLY SUPERFINE and COMMON! JNGRAIN and VENiTIAN CATPETS, some nevr and beautiful patternn.
Floor Oil Cloths, from 4,-l to 8-5 wide. Bamfiley Lin¬ en Sheetings, from S-4 to U-1, Pianoand Table Covers, Tickings, Checks, and a g^acral assortment of Furnish¬ ing Good.*, just received and for sate, at the very loweet prices, by C. HAGER k SON.
F-b. (1 tr-io
WASUOGXUJV AiOUSi:,
Comer of Market Gt. and Market Square
HARRISBURG, PENN'A.
THIS old establiahed Hotel has undergone a thorough repainting, papering, ke. during the last ¦ ficuon, and ia now the most desirablo Etopplng place at the Capitol. Members of the Le^Blatnrc and otherfl ¦riiitlng the C»pltol, ore invited to call. LargeStabling attadied to tha Houso, WM. T. SANDERS, Ag't. sat' Cbaigot nodertitv. Pm 13 Sm-.
SHAWLS!   SHAWLS!   SUAWLS!
THE  SHAWL BEPOT.
Al OW is tbc time for all who (ire in the search ¦^^ of Shawls, to coll at Fahnostock'B Cheap Slore, and view the splendid as.sortment just opcnnd.
Long Blanket Shawls, J2.SQ, $3.50, $5.00, $8,00. $10,- 00 and $12.00.    Plain and Gay colors.
Square do, do. Irom $1 to $5.
Long Brocba Shawls, White, Scarlet; GrCeu and Blue Ontres,
Sq'iarc do.
AVith every variety of CaBhmeres, Tekorre, Thibet with Wool and Silk Fringes,
Blaek and .Mode Waterloo Swawls.
Every variety of Long and Square.
Second Mourning Shawls.
All Ladies who are iu want of a handsomo Shawl at a low price, would do well tn eaB early, as they now have the advantage of selecting from the lurgcst assort¬ mont ever opened in Lancaster.
,R. E. FAHNESTOCK, S, W, cornor of North Queen and Orange Streets
Lancaster, Not 14 tf-05
Columbia Bank & Bridge Comply.
INTEREST OPT DEPOSITS.
AT a meeting of the Directors of the Colum¬ bia Bank ond Bridge Company, held on Tuesday, the ith of December, 1849, It was
Resolved, That from and after tho 5tL of December. 184!t, interest will be paid on deposits made with this Institution as follows, vii :-
On buma deposited for 3 monthfl, at the rate of 4 per I     cent, per annum. On hums depoelted for C and 0 months, at tbc rate of 4i
I'IT ci-nt. per annum. On t-ums deposited for 12 months, at thc rate of 5 per cent, per aunum,
ibeiut^rett on tho 12 montha deposits to be paid fc mi-a naually.   Dy order of tho DIrostorB.
SAMUEL SHOCH, Cashier.
3m-2
Uec 12
New Garden Seeds—Growtli of '49.
nPRUE   English  Enrly York, Large York,
J- Noble's Larly Divarf, Early Dutch, Sugar Loaf, Ox- heart, IinP^ri^'"5"i"l'^'i<l. Uremen Bro^, Hannover Brown and SftTory Cabbages. Red, White, and Seyn- lourfl Gmnt Celery. Cucumbers-Early Cedo Nolli, Early Frame PruBsian Imperial Pe^, liethorwith n fuU asBortment of OARnnit Scedi.   For aTtn nt
CHAHLES a. HEINITSH'S Medicinal, 'Dmg mi Cltfillltal Stor*, East Kins St Lwi.,J«n-lO 3m-7
Tbe Senate then reaumed the consideration of the special order, being the reaolutiiVs eubmiited by the Seuuior from Kentucky, (Mr._CLAY.)
Wr. OLAY. Mr. President, if there be in this vast assemblage of beauty, gruce, elegance, and inteUigence, any who have come here under au exjieclHliou thut the humble individmd whn now addiessesyou uieuiislo attempt auy display, any uso of ambitious language, any exlruordiiiary ornament or peroration of speech, they will be utterly disnppnititcd. The seasou of the year, and rny own season of life, both admouish me to bstuiu from the use of auy sueh ornaments; but above all, Mr. IVesideiit, lhe awful subject upou whieh it is my duty to address the Seuate and the country forbids my saying aiiy thing but what pertains strictly to that subject; aud my solo desire is to make myself, iu seriousnt'SB, doberue6S,'oud plaiuness, understood by you uud by these who think proper to listen to me.
When, yesterday, the adjournment of the Sen¬ ate took place, at tbnt singe of the discussion ol the reaolutioua which I had submitted which re¬ lated to Texas and her bouudary, I thought I had cuucluded the .whole subject; but I was remiud- ed b r H friend that perhaps 1 was not sufficeutly explicit on a biugle poiut, nud that is, the relation of Texus aud the Government of the Uuiied Statea, and that portion of tho debt of Texas, for which I think n responsibility exists on the pari of tlte Government of the U. States. Sir, it was said that perhaps it might be understood, in re¬ gard to the proposed grant of tiiree millions, or .vhatover may ue tho sum when ascertained, to Texas in consideratiuu of the suiTender of lier tille to T<cw Mexico this side ofthe Rio Grande, that we granted noiliiug—that we merely dis¬ charged atl obligation which existed upon tht Goverument ofthe United Stales in couaequeiice ofthe apprnpriulion oftlie imports receivable in tlie ports of Te.xas whilst site was au indepen¬ dent power. But that is not my underitaudiug, •Mr. I'resident. As between Texas and tho United .Stales, tht; obligaiion on lhe purt of Texus to pay her portion of ihe debt referred to, is complete uud unqualilieii, and there is. as betweeu ihese two parties, no obligation ou the part nf the United Stales to ]iay (JUe dollar ofthe debt ul Texa.s. Ou lhu contrary, by an express stipulu- tiou in the resuIutiuuH of udmission, it is dcclnred and provided iliut in no event tlo the Uniied Slate.'^ become liable or charged with uny por¬ tion of the debt or liabiliiies of Texas. It is not, iherefore, for any responsibility which exists td the State of Texus on the part of the Governmeui of the United Su.ies, that 1 think provision ought to be mude for thut debt. No sucb thing. As between tijoso two parties, the responsibility ini the part of Texas is complete to pay the ilobt, ^iTid there in no icspunsibility on the part of iht- Utiilcd St;ilt;s to jjay oue cent. Hut lliero isn tliird parly, who wus no party to the anjiexulion wlmtever—thai is to say, the creditor of Texas, who advanced lhe money ou lho fuith nf solemn pli'dfrca mude bv Te.tjus to him to reimburse the loan ljy the nppropriiititMi of the duties received on foreign imparts; and he, and he nlone, ia the party to wliiuii we are bound, according to lhu view which I havo jjreoented of the subject. Nor can the other creditin'S of Texas complain that provision is made Jtilv for a particular portion ol the d(;bt, leaving the residue of the debt unpro¬ vided fur by the Government of the the Uuiied States, because, in ao far as we mny extinguish auy [)orlion oflbe debt of Texas under whieh slie is uow bound, ill 60 far will it conlribnte to di- niini.sh theresiUueofthcdebis ofTexas, undlenvi.' the funds derived frem the public hmd.-; held by Te.vas, and what other sources she may have, applicable to the payment ot tliuse debts with mote efiect than if die entire debt, including the pledged portion as well as the unpledged portion, was obligatory upon her, and she stood bound by it. Nor cau the creditors complain for auoiher reason. Texas has all tlie resources which she had wheu an independent Power, v.iili the ex¬ ception of the duties receivable in her ports upon foreign imports, and sho is exempted from certain ehurges, expenditures aud responsibili¬ iies whicii slie would have had to encounter if t«hc bnd remained n separate aud independent I'owtr; for example, sbo would have had lo pro¬ vide for a certain amount of uaval force and tor a certain amount perhaps of militury ioree, in or¬ der lo protect herself ugainst Mexico, or against any  foreign  enemy whatever.    But by her au-
nexatiiui to the United States she became libcr-
Hi«<t   uom n.i  .,.-.    ..„..-..,—,. .o.., uc.
entire  roveuues muy be applicable to tne pay- eijt of her debts, those only excepted which nre ice.ssary to the support of maintenance of the Government of Texas.
With this explanation npon that part of the subject, I pass to lhe consideration of the next resolution in the series whieh Ihave liud the hou¬ or to submit, und whicb reJdles, if X am not mis¬ taken, to this District.
Rcsolrcd, That itia inexpedient to nbolish slavery in the District of Columbia, whilst that institution continues to exist in thc State of Maryland, withoat thc consent of that Btate, withont the consent ofthe people ofthe District, and withont just corapensatiou to the owners of slaves withiu the District.
Mr. President, an objection atthe moment was mado to this resolution, by some honorable Sen¬ ator on the other side ofthe body, that it did not contain an aaf>ertioii oftho nnconstitutionality of the exercise ofthe power of abolition. I said iheu, as I huve uniformly maintained iu this body, as 1 contended for in 1838, oud ever bave dono, that the pnwer to abolish slavery within tho District of Columbia haa beeu vested in Oongress bj; lan¬ guage too clear nud explicit to admit, in my judg¬ ment, of any rational donbt whatever. What, sir, is the language of the constitution? "To exercise exclusive legialation, in all cases wlint- Hoever, over suchdistrict (not exceeding ten mites square; na may, by cession of pnrtictdar States and the acceptance of Oongress, become the seut ofthe Government of the United Statea." JSow, sir, Oongress, by this giant of power, is iuvesteil with all legislation wdiatsoever, over the Dis¬ trict. Can we conceive of language more broad and comprehensive ihan that wbicn invests a leg¬ islative body with exclusive power, in all case*! whatsoever, of legislation over a given district of torritory or country 1 Let me ask, sir, is there any power to abul.sh slavery in thia District?— Let mo suppose, iu addition to what I suggested tile othor day. that slavery had been abolished in Maryland and Virginia—let me add to it the sup- posiliou tbnt it was abolished in all thc States in the Union, is ihero.nny jiowerthen to abolish sla¬ very within tho District of Columbia, or is sla¬ veiy planted here to all eternity, wiihout the pos¬ sibility of tho exercise of any legislative jiower for its abDlilion 7 It canuot be inveated in Mary¬ land, becuuse the power wiih which Congress is invested is exclusive. Maiylaud, therelore,^ is excluded, and so ull lhe otherSlates ofihe Union are excluded.    It is here, or it is nowhere.
This was the view which I took in 1&18, uud t think tbere is noihing in the resolution which 1 oflered on that occasion incompatible with the view whicb I now present, aud wbich this resnlu- tion contains. Whilstladinittedthepowertoexist in Oongress, aud exclusively iu Congress, to leg¬ islate iu all cases wlmisucver, aud consequently in  the  case  of tho  abolition  of slavery wiih¬ in  thia  District, if it deemed  it proper lo du so, I ailmitted on that occasion, as I contend now^. that il is u power which Congress cannot,in con¬ science nud good faith, exercise whilst the insti¬ tntion of slavery continues within   tho State of Maryland.    The case, sir, is a good deal altered now from whut it was twelve years ngo, wheu the resolution to whicli I allude was adopted by the Senate.    Upou that occimion Virginia and Ma¬ ryland both W'ere concerned in the exercise of the power; but, bj the retrocession of that por¬ tion of tbe 'District which lies south oftho Polo- mac, Virginia becamo no more interested in the question of tho abolition of slavery within   tbe residue of the District thau any other slave hold¬ ing Stale in the Union is interested in ita  nboli- lion-    The question now is cunfiued to Marj-luud. L said on that occasion, ihatalthough the grant of power is complete, and comprehends the right, to abolish fllttvery wiihin the District, yet it wns a thing which nover conld bavo entered iuto thc '. conception of Maryland or Virginia that slavery woultl be abolished hero whilst slavery continued to exist in either of those two ceding Stales.    I sny, moreover, what tho grant of power itself in¬ dicates, that, although exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over tho District waa invested Congress within ten miles aquare, it was to ake it the acat of Government of the  United States.    Thnt was the great, prominent, anbstun- tial object of the grunt, and that, ih exercising all tho powers with which wo are invested, com¬ pleto and full as they mny be, yet thc great pur¬ pose—that ot  tho cession having been mado iu order to crento a suitable aeat of Government— ought to be tbe leading aud controling idea with Congress in the exercise of this power.     And it is not necessary in order to render it a proper aud suitable aeat of govcrnmentfor tho UmteilStates, that slavery should bo abolished within the limits of ihe.ten miles square.    And inaamuch as attho tiraeof tbe coBsiou—when, in a spirit of generos¬ ity, immediately after the formation of this con¬ stitution—when nil was peace, and harmony, and concord—when brotherly nfiection and fraternal feeliug prevailed thronghont this whole Dnion— when Maryland aud Virginiainamumentofgen¬ erous impulse, and with feelings of high regard towards tho members of this  Union, choose to make this grant, neither party conld have snapect- ed tliat, at aome future period, npon the agitation of this unfortunate aubject, their gencrotis grant witbout equivalent waa to bo turned ngainst tbem, aud that the sword was to be uplifted, as it were, in their bosoms, to strike at their own hearta; thus this implied faith, this honorable obligation, this necoBsity and propriety ofkeeping itt conatant view the great object of cession.   Thesa were considerations wbicb in 1838 governed me as Uiey uow inflaonoe jnQ, ia eabtnittiDg tho resolutions
which I hnve submitted to your consideration.— Now, as then, I do not think Cougresa ought ever, us nu honorable body, acting bonna fide iu good faith, and according to the nature aud purposes and objects of the cession atthe time it was made —and, looking at the condition of lhe coding States at tbat time. Congress cannot, without the forfeiture of all lliose obligations of honor which men of honor and nations of honor respect aa much as if found literally in so many words in tho bond itself—Congreas cannot interfero with tho institution of slavery in this District without the violatiou ofall these obligations, not in my own opinion less binding thau if iuserled in tho con¬ stitutional instrument itself.
Wellj sir, what does the resolution propose ?— Tho reaolution neither ailirina nor disaffirms tho constitutionality ofthe exercise of tho power of abolition in this Diatrict. It is silent upon the subject. -It says it is inexpedient to do it but upon certain conditions. But what are these cou- ditions? Why, iirst, that the State of Mary¬ land shall release the United States from the ob¬ ligation of thc implied fuiil) which I contend is connected by the uct of cession by Matyland to tbo United Slates. Well, sir, if Maryland, the only Stute now that ceded any imrliou oflbe ter¬ ritory which remains to ue, gives to us her full cousent; in other words, it she releases Oongress from nil obligationa growing out of the cession with regard to slavery, I consider it as removing oue ofthe obstacles to tlio exercise oftho power, ifit were deemed expedient to exercise thepow^ or. But it is removing only oue of lhem. There are two other coudiliotis which aro iuserled in this resolulion. Thefirst is lhe cousent of tho peoplo ofthe District.
Mr. President, the condition of the people of this District is uuomaloua. Itis a conditiou in violation of the great principles which lie ut tbe bottom of our own fieeinsiiintionB, and ull free iustiiutious, because it is the case of a people whn ure acted npou by legislative aulhority, and taxed by legialative anifiurity, without having any voice or represenlntiou in lbe taxing or-le- gislativo body. The Goverument of the Uuiied Slates, in respect th the people of this District, ia tyranny, an nbsohiie Government—uotcxerciaed hilborlo, 1 admit, und I hopo it never will be ex¬ ercised, tyranically or arbitrarily ; bnt it is iu the nature cf all arbiiraiy power. 1 would say thatit is that power which ia exercised by au authority over a jieoplo who liuve no voice, no representa¬ tion in the assembly whose edicts or laws go furlli lo uct npon tbo nmepresenled jieople to whom i bave referred.
Well, sir, that being their cojidition, and tins question of llieabolitjn of slavery uffucting lhem in ull the I'elations we can imagine—of ])rosper- ity, society, comfort, peace and happiness—I have requi/ed as auoiher ctnidition, upou which' alone ihispowershunld be exercised, the cousent of the people of the Diatrict. But, sir, I have not stopped there. This resolulion requires still a- uother and a third condition, and thatis, that it ahall not be abolished withiii the District of Oo- lumbia, although Maryland uunsents, aiihough Ihe people ef thu District cougenl, wilhont lbe third condition of ni.nking compensation to the owuers of the slaves within tho District. Sir, it is iuimateriul tome upon what basis this obliga¬ tion lo compensate fur the slaves wbo may be liberated by the authority of Oongi-ess is piuced. There is a clause iu ihti Oouslitntion of the Uni- nited States in one of the amendments to the coiislitution, whicli declares thatno privule prop¬ erty shall be taken for public use without just coinjjen.-^ation being made to tho owner of the properly.
Well, I thiuk, in a juat and liberal interpreln- lion of thut clause, we are restrained from taking the properly of thc people of the District, iu slaves, on cousidcnitions of any public jjolicj*. nr for auy conceivable or imaginable use of the public, without a full nud fuir conipensalion to the people of this District. Dut, without thc obligation of nny constitutional restriction, such as ia continued iu thc amendment lo which I re¬ fer—without that, upon tho priucil>lca of eternal justice itself, wo ought not lu deprive those who have property in slaves, in tliis District, of their properly without compenaatiug them for their full value. Why sir, no one of tlio European powers, Grjat Britain, rraiice, or any other of the powers which undertook lo abolish slaveiy in ibcir respective colonies, havo ever ventured lo do it wiihout making compensation. They wero nnder no obligatuiii arising out of auy written or other coiislitution iodoit,butun!lertliat obligation to which all men ought to bow wilh iiomage—that obligation of eternal justice, which declares that no man ought to be^de^rived jjj^^h^s for its value, tknow ithas beeu argued that lbe clanso of the coiislitution which requires com pousatiuii for property taken by tho public for its use, would iiotapi>ly to tho case of the abnli- tion of slavery in the District, becuuse the prop¬ erty is not lakeu-for Iho use of the public. Lit¬ erally perhaps, it would not be taken f(U- the use of lhe pnblic, but it would bu takeu iu consid¬ eration of a policy and purpose adopted by lhe public, aa one which it was deemed expedient to cany into full effect aud operation; und, by a liberal iuterprcti'ation of lho clause, it ought to bo so far regarded as taken ibr tho uso of tbe public, attho instance of tbo public, as to de mand compensation to the extent of the value oi tho property. If that is not a restriction as to the power of Congress over the subject ol Slave¬ ry in tho District, then the pov.-er of Coiigrcss stands unrestricted, and thai would not bo a hel¬ ler condition for the Slave-holder in the District than to assume the restriction conluiued in the a- mendmcnt. I sny it would be unrestricted by constitutional operation or injnnclion. Thegreat restrictions restiltliig from the obligations of jus¬ tice would remain, and they ore sufiicient to ex¬ act from Oongress the duty of ascerlaining, prior lo the abolition of slavery, the valuo ofthe prop¬ erty in slaves in lho Diatrict, atid of making full fuir andjust compensation for thut property.
Well, iMr. President, I saidyesterday there was not a resolution, excepttho first, (which contain¬ ed no concession by either party,) that did not either contain some mutual concession by the two jmrties, or did not contain concession altogether from the North to tho South.
Now wilh respect to the resolulion under con¬ sideraliou. Thc North hns conlended that the power exists uuder thc constitutiou to abolish Slavery. TheSonllt, I Jim aware, has oppoaed it, aud most, at least a great portion of the South, have conlended forihe o[iiiosile conslructinu.— ^Vhut does the resolution do 7 It asks of botb parties to forbear urgiug ibcir respective opinions the one to the exclusion of tlie other, butit con¬ cedes to the Sonth all thai the South, it appears to me, npon this subject, ought in reason to de¬ mand, in so fur ns it I'eqnires such conditions as amount to an absolute securiiy for property in slaves in the District, such conditions as will probably mako thc existeijco uf slavery within the Disirict coeval and co-exlcnsivo wilh its ex¬ istence in auy of the States outof and beyond Uie disirict. But, sir, the second clause of this resolution provides *' tbat it ia expedient to pro-r liibit within lbe Disirict lli-j trade in slaves brought into it from States or places beyond lhe limits of the District, either to be sold therein as mcrcbandiBe or to be trauaported to other markets." Well, Mr. President, if the conces¬ sion be made that Congress hns lhe power of leg¬ islation, and exclusive Icgislntion, in all cases whatsoever, how cau itbe doubted thatCongrcss lias authority to prohibit wlmt is called the slave trade in the District of Columbia? Sir, my in¬ terpretation of tbe constitution is this; tbat, with regard to ull parts of it which operate upon the States, Congreaa can exercise no power which is not a necessary implication from a granted pow¬ er. Tlmt is the rulo [or the action of Congreas in relation to its legislation upou the States, but ill relation to its legislation upon thia District the reverse. I take it in bo tbe true rule that Oon gress has all power over lhe District which is not prohibitctl by some part of lho consiitnlion of tho United Stales; in other words, that Con
gress bas powor'within lho District  etiuivulcnt to, and co-extensivc wiili, tho power which nny Slate itself possesaes withiii its own limits. Well, sir, does ony body doubt lho power u.id tho right of auy Blaveholding Slate in ihis Uuion to forbid tho intrpdnction na raerchaudizc, ol" alavea within their limits 7    Why, sir, ulmost every slavehold- ingState in the Union has ciorciBed its powerto prohibit the introduction of slavery aa merchan¬ dize.    It was in tho constitution of my own State; aud, notwithstanding nil tho excitement and agi¬ tation npon tho subject of slavery wbich occnr¬ red dniing the jinst year in tbe SUite of Kentucky, the same principle  ia iucorporaled in the new constitution.    It ia in lho constitution, I know, of Missisaippi.    That State proliibils the  introduc¬ iion of slaves within its limits ua merchandise. I believo it to bo in tbe cuuatitutinii or in the laws of Maryland—in the laws  of Virginia—in the laws of most of tha Slnveholdiiig Stales.   It is tmo that the policy of the diflerent States, np¬ on this subject hna somewhat vacillated—they sometimes adopted it and aometimes excluded it —but there haa been no diversity of opinion, no departure from tho great principle, ihat every ono of thera has tho powar uud authority to pro¬ hibit the introdnctiou of slaves within tiieir re¬ spective limita if tbey chooso to exercise it.— Well, sir, I really do not think that this resolu¬ tion, which proposea to abolish thut trado, ought to be considered on a concession by either class of the Slates lo tho other class.    I ihink it should be regarded aa a common object, acceptable to botb, and conformable to the wishes and feelinga of both;  and yet. sir, in these times of fearful and alarming excitement—in theao times  when every ni^ht that I go to sleep nnd am awoke in the moming, it is with the appreheuaion of some now and fearfiil aud dreadful tidings upon this agitating Bubject—I have seen in the act of a neighboring State, amongst the varion's contin¬ genciea which aro enumerated, npoh.tho happen¬ ing of any oue of which delegates are to be sent to tho famous Convention w^hich is to assemble at Nasoville in Jane next, that omongst other BobstaDtire groonds for the sppoiQtmeQt of del¬ egates to tbat jConYontion,'—of aelegatea from the
State to which I refer—one ia, that if Congress abolish the sluve trade in the District of Colum¬ bia, that shall bo cauae for a Convention; inolher words, it is cause for considering whether tbia Union ought to be dissolved or not. Is it possi¬ ble to portray a greater extent of extravagance to which men may bo carried by the indulgence of theirpasaions?
Sir, the power exista; the duty, iu my opinion, exiata ; and there has beeu no lime—aa I may say iu language coincident with thut used by the honorablo Senator fiom Albama—thero has been no time in my public life when I wns not willing to concur iu the abolition of the alnve trade in this District. \ was willing to have doue it wlien Virginia's portion of the jDistrict was rctroce- ded, that lying soulh of the Potomac. There is still loss ground for objection to doing it now, wheu the District ia limited to the portion thia aide of the Potomac, aud when tho motive or rea¬ son for concentrating slaves here in a depot, for the purpose of transportation to diatant foreigu markets, is lessened with tho diminution of the Distiict, by tho retrocession of that portion to Virginia.
Why should slave traders who buy theirslavea in Maryland or Virgiuia, come here with their aiavea in order to transport lhem to New Orleans or other Southern min-kets ? Why not transport them from the States in wbich they are purcha¬ sed I Why are lhe feellugs of citizena hero out¬ raged by the scenes exhibited, and the corteges whicii pasa along our avenues of manacled hu¬ man beings, nol collected in onr own district, not collected atall iu ourneighboihood, but brought from distant parts of neighboring States T Why hould they^beoutraged? Aud who is there, that has a heart, that does not contemplate a scene of tbat kind wilh horror and indignation? Why should thny bo outraged by a scene au luexcusa- blc nnd detestable as this?
Sir, it is no coucession, I repeat, from oue class of Stales nor from tho other. Itis an object in which bolh of them, it aeems to me, ahauld liear- tily unite, and in which the one aide as much aa the other should rejoico in adopting, iuufmucb as it lessens one of lhe cuusesof inqtiietiideand dis- satisfiaction which isconnecled with this District. Abolish tho slave trade in this District; re-assert lhe doctrine of lho reaululiun of 1838, ihat by an implied assent on the part of Congresa slave¬ ry ought uot to be abolished iu thu I)iatrict/d' Co¬ lumbia, whilst it remains^ in the State of Mary- Innd ; re-assert the principle of that resolution, and adopt ilie oiher healing meusutcs, cu- similar healing measures—for I uiii uot uttached to any thiug tnat is tbe production of my own baud, if any tiling better should be offered by any body else—adopt the other healing measures which are projiosed, and which are required by the dis ti-acied coudition ofthe country, undl venture to say tbat, aa we have had peace and quiet for the lust ibirly years, since the termination ofthe Mis¬ souri controversy, wo shall have, iu nil huniau probability, peace for a longer period lo como upou this unhappy subject of slaveiy. The next reaolution is:—
" Tlmt more effectual provision ought to be made by law. according to the requirement of thecon.stitu- tion, for the restitution and delivery of persons bound to service or labor in any State, who moif escape into any other State or Territory in thc Union."
Now, Ml", president, upon that subject, I go with hiui wbo goea furthest in the inierpretraiion of that clause in the coiislitution. In my hum ble opinion, sir, il is a requirement by the Cou- atitutiou of the Uuiied Stales which is nol limit¬ ed in its operations lo lhe Congress of the Uui¬ ted Stales, but extends to evety.Slulo iu the Uuiou und to lho ofiicera of every State in tbe Union; imd i gn one step fitrlber, it extends to every mun in the Union.and devolves upon them all au obligiition tn assist in the recovery ofa fu¬ gitive from labor who lakes refuge in or escapes into oue of the freo Stales. And, sir, I think I f in inuintaiii all this by a fair interpretation of the coustitutioii.    It provides:—
"Thatno person held to service or labor in one State under the laws thercof.-escaping iuto another, sbnll, in conaetiuence of any law or regulation there¬ in, be discharged frora such service or labor, bnt .shall he delivered up on claim nf the party to whom such service or labor maybe due."'
It will be observed. Mr. President, that this clauBo iu the constitulion is notamnngsi'ihe enu- mei'uled powers granted to Congress, for, ifthat bad been tho cuse, it might have been urged thut Congress alone ctntld iegialato to cany itin¬ to effect; but it is one of the geueral powers or oue o'l the g«nernl rights secured by this c(justi- tutioiinl iubtr'umtint, aud it addresses itself to ull who are bound by thiL\ronstj.UiUon^r)('U]eJJin|iecI Government are bound to take an oath lo sup¬ port the constitution of the United State.i. AU State officers are required by tho constitution to take nxi oath to support lho constitution of lbc United Stniea ; and ull men who love their coun¬ try nud are obedient to its laws, are bound to na- ¦ ,t in tho execution ofthose luwa, whether they uro ftmdanienUil or derivative. I do not say that u private individual is bound lo make the tour of his Stato in order to assist an owner of a slave to recover his property, but 1 do say if ho is pres¬ ent when the owner ofa slave is about to assert his rights and endeavor to obtnin pnascssimi of his iH-operty, every man iircseni, wheiber lie be an oilicer of the General Governmeut or tbe State Governmeut, oraprivale individual, is bound to arisibi, if men are bound nt idl to assist in tho ex¬ ecution of the lawa of tbeir country. Now what is this provision I It is that such fugitives shall bo delivered up on claim ofthe parly to whom such service or labor nmy be due. As bus been already rcmnrked, in the course of the debate upon tho bill uj)on this subject which ia now pending, lbe language uaed iu regard tc fugitives (rom labor is precisely the aame. Tbe fugitive from j_ustice is to be delivered up, aud to be re¬ moved to the Stute having jurisdiciion ; the fugi' live from labor is tn be delivered np (ui claim of the party to whom such service is duo. "Well, bas it ever been contended on the part of ony Slate lliiit she is not bound to surrender a fugi¬ tive from jusiice npou demand uf the Slate from which lie lletl ? I believe not. There have been some exeeplions to the perlbrniauccuf this duty, but they bavenot denied the general right; and if they have refused in any instance lo givo up the person demanded, it has been upon some technical or legal ground, not at all (piesiioniiig the general right to have the fiigilivc eurreiider- ed, of the obligation to deliver him up as intend¬ ed by the coiislitution.
I ihiuk, theu, Mr. President, that with regard to the true interprelalion ofihia provision oflbe constitution there cau bo no doubt. It iin}>oses an ubiigution upon all the Stales, free or ^Iave- holdiiig; it imposes an obligation upon all ofii¬ cers of Goverument, Stale or Federal; und, I will ndd. upon all the people of the United Slates, under pariicular circnmslances, lo assist in the aurrender aud recovery of a fugitive slave from "iia mnster.
There has becn some confusion, aud, 1 think, some misconcepliou on Ibis subject, in   conse¬ quence  of R recent decisiott  of lbc Supreme Court of lho U. States.    1 thiuk that decision haa been eutirely miaapprebeuded.    Thero is avast difference between imposing impedimenta and affording facilities ibr the recovery of fugitive slaves.   The Supreme Oourtof tho United Stales haa ouly decided thatall lawsof impediment are uuconalitutioual.    I know there ure some gener¬ al exjtressions in the opinion to which 1 have re¬ ferred—thc cuse of Maryland against Pennsylva¬ nia—ihaiseem lo import otherwiae ; hut I ihink, when yon come attentively to read tlie  whole opiuion, and the opinion pronounced by all the judges, especially ifyou take the trouble of do¬ ing %vhat I Imvo done, to converse with them us to what their real meaning" was, yon will find that the wholeextentof the authority which tliey intended to establish was, that miy laws of im¬ pediment enacted by the Slates wero laws that were forbidden by the provision of the constitu¬ tion to which I refer; that the General Govern¬ ment had no right, by an act of the Congress of tlie  United  Stniea, lo impoao obligationa npon Stato ofiicera tint impoaed by the authority of lheir own coustituticm and lawa.    It is imposai¬ ble tho decision could havc been otherwise.   It would havo  been perfectly extrojudical.    The Court had no rightto decide the question whethtr the laws of facility wero or were not unconstitu¬ tional.    The only question beforo the court was the law of impediment passed by the Legislature of Pennsylvania; andif they bad gone beyond tho case beforo them, and undertaken to decide upon a case not before them, or a principle which was not fairly comprenheded withiu the case before lhem, it wonld  be what the lawyers  tenn un obiter iliciiim, und ia not binding either on that court itself or any other tribunul.    1 say it waa not posaible Unit, with tho cnao before the court, of a law for giving  fucihly lo tho  holder of the slave to recover his property agaiu, it wns utterly impossible that any tribunal should pro¬ nounce a decision that such aid and assistance rendered by tho authority of the State, under tbis provision of the constimtion of tho United Slates, is unconatitniioual aud void.   The court has not saidao, orif they have said so, they bave transcended their authority, and gone beyond the caso which waa before them.    Laws passed by Stales, in oi-der to aaaist the General Governmont, 30 far from being laws repugnant to the constiiu- tion, would every where be regarded  aa laws carrying out, enforcing and fulfilling the constitu¬ tional duties wbicb uracreated by thatinstrumcut. Why, sir, as well might it be contended that if Congress were to declare war—and no one will doubt that the power to declare war is vested exclusively in Congreaa; no Stato haa the right to do il—no one will coutend seriously I apprehend, that after the declaration of war it would be nn- constitutioual on the part of any ofthe Statea to assist in the vigproufl and efiective prosecution of that wur;nud yet it would be juat asuuconstitution- al to lend lheir aid to tho successful and glorious termination of tbe war in which we might be em¬ barked,as it wonld be to assist in the performauce of Q high duty wbich addresses itaelf to all the States and all thepeople ofall tbe States. Mr. President, I do tbink that the whole class
of legislation, bcginniug in the Northern States | by the Slave Stales nr* bv the tree  Slates.    And and extending  to   some  of tbo Western States,    I admit, als(}, that the free Slates have much leas
by which obstructiona uud impedimenta have beon throwu in the wayof the recovery of fugi¬ tive slavea, ia uncuustitutional, and has originated ina spirit which I truat will correct itaelf wheu thoso States come calmly to consider tho nature and extent of their federal obligations. OfaU the States iu this Union; unlesa it be Virginia, the Slate bf which I am a resident suffers most by the escape of their sloves to adjoining Statoa. I have very little dfiiibl, indeed, that tho extent of Joss to tljc Stute of Kentucky, in conaequence of tbe eacape uf her slaves, is greater, at least in proportiou to the total number of slaves which are lield within that coinmonwenlth, even thun ill Virginia. I kuow full well, and so does the honorable Senator from Ohio know, that it is at tho utmust hazard, aud insecurity to life itself, that a Keninckian can cross tho river and go into tho interior to take back his fugitive sluve to the place from whence he Hed. Recently uu ox- ample occun'od even in the city of Cincinnatti, in respect to oue ofonr most respectable citizens- Not having visited Ohio ut all, but Ooviugtou.on theopposilo side of tbo river, alittle slave ofbis escaped over to Cincinnatti. He puraued it; he found it iu the house iu whicli it waa concealed, he took it ont, aud was rescued by tho violence aud force ofa negro inob from his possession, lbe police ofthe city standing by, uud eiiher unwill- lug or unable to afford tbe assislanco which wus requisite to enable him to recover bis pioperty. Upou this subject I do think that wo bave just and serious cause of complaint againat the free States. I thiuk they fail in fulfilling a great ob¬ ligation, and the failure is precisely npou ouo of those subjects which in its nature is tbe most ir- ritntiug and inflaming to those who live in the liave Slates.
Now sir I tiiink it is a mark of no good neigh¬ borhood, of no kindneas, of no courtesy, that u man living in a alavo Stale cannot, with any sort of safety, travel the free States witb his servants, althongh be has uo purpose whateverof stopping there longer than a t^hort time. Aud cm this whole subject, sir, how has the legislation ofthe free States uitered ftu-the worse within the last twenty or thirty years ? Why, sir, must of llio.--.e Stales, uutil within a period of the last Iweiiiy or ihirty years had laws for the benefit of sojour¬ ners, as Ihey were called, passing througli oi abiding forthe moment in lho free Slates with their servanta. Sir, I recollect a case that oc¬ curred during tlie war. My friend, Mr. Cfieves, of South Carolina, instead of going Iiotne in Ihe vacation, went to Philudelphia, taking his family sei-vaiits wilh him. Some ofthe aboliliuui.sts of that city took out u habeas corpus, seized the slaves, und the question was brought before the Supreme Court of the Slate of Pennsylvania, where it was argued for days. It wns necessary during the pfo^ress of the urgmiient, to refer to a great vai-iety of slntutes passed from limo to time by the LegL-ilutnio of Peinisylvauiu on be- hall oftlie sojourner, guaraiitying and securing to him the possession of his property during his tempoiaty passage or abode wiihin the limits of ihat coinmoiiweuhh. Fiually thc c<mrt gitve tbeir opinion seriatim—each judge bis seperate opiuion, until it camo to .fudge Breckenridgu in deliver hia, who was the yuungestjudge, 1 ihiuk on the bench. Duriug iheprogiess of the deliv- ry of ibeif opiuintis they bad frecpienlly occa¬ sion lo refer to the ucls pas.sed for the benefit of siijouiners and each of lhe judges who preceded Mr. Breckeuridgo always pronounced Iho word tidgeiieis " When il came lo Judge Breckeu- ridge to deliver his opinion, he said, "I agree In all that my learned brethren havc pronoiiuced upon'.hi,-t occasion, except ill the prouuncialiou f tho word 'sojourner,' Tbey pronoiiuced il 'Budgener," but I call it 'sujouruer." (Laughter) WeU now sir. all tbere laws iu beoalf of tliese an- jouriiers tlirough tlie free States aro awept away, except Ibelieve iu the Slate of Khode laland. Mr. DAVTUN. Aud iu New .lersey. Mr. CLAV. Aye, and iu New Jersey, Iam happy to hear it; but in most of the large States, iu most, ifnot iu all of lbe New Euglaiul Slates, these laws huvo been nbiilishcd, showing lliepru- gresaivc teudoncy of bad neighborhood and un¬ kind action ou the p:iri of llio free States towards the slaveholding Stales,
Mr. President, I do not mean to contest the ground; lain uot going to argue the question, wheE!:i-r, if a mau carries his slave vuhuitaiy into the free Slates, uud ho is not a fugitive, wbethei" that slave, by the voluuiury acllon ofhis masier. dues or doea not become instantly entitled lo bi.s freedom / 1 am not guin^' to ni-guo th<it questiun. NoFth'i'Tjiit 1 mean to :-ay I'liat it is unkind, itis uuueigbborly, it is uot in tlie spijit of fmlerual conuexiou which exists between the member.^ ol thia Confederacy to execnte a strict legal princi¬ ple in tho way suggested, oven supposing it lobe right BO to do. But wliero there ia no purpose ol permanent abode, no intention of settling fiua!ly nud exclusively, and plnuiiiig bis slaves witbiu the commonwealili, it jb but right, and j)roof ol goctd neighborbood und kind and friendly feeling tu allow the owner of the slave lo pass with lIi^ property uiiiiiijlested through your State.
Allow me to say upon ibis subject, though it is perhajis goiug furiher into detail thau is nece.-;- saiy, that of all the exeicise of power of lliose who attempt to seduce from their owuers their slaves, there is no instnuce in whicb it is exer¬ cised so injuriously lo lho objects of their chari¬ ty aud benevolence na in the caso of lhe seduc¬ tion of family alaves from the service of ihcir owner. Tbe slaves iu a family are treated with all the kiiidiiCBs that the children of the family teceive. Every thing whicb they want fur lheir comfort is given ifiem with lhe most liberal in¬ dulgence; and, sir, I have known moro iiiaiaii- ccs than one where, by this practice of lhe se- diicliou of the family servanta from their owners, they have been rendered wretched aiidnnhap])y in the free Stales ; aud iu my own family, a slave who had beeu seduced away addressed her mis¬ tress uud begged and implored ofher tbe luciu.- of getting buck from tho state of freedom lo wiiich he bad been seduced to the slate of slavery, in which she was so much more happy ; and in ihe caso to which I have referred lho means were uflbrded her and sbe returued to her mi,slresK.
Then, Mr. Pre.oiilenl. I think that llie exisltng laws upon the subject forllic recovery of fiigilive slaves, and the testoialiouaud delivering of tln-ui up lo their owuers, being found inadequate and ineffective, it is incuinbeiit on Congress—aud 1 hope hereafter, iu a belter state of feeling, when moro more harmony aud good will prevails amongthe members of tbia confederacy, il will be regarded by tbe free States ihemselves as a partof their ditty also to assist in allaying this irrilaliug aud disliirb'iig subject to the i)puce of our Uniou; but al all events, whether they do il or not, it is our duty to do it. It ia our tlutv to make the laws more effective, and I sliaK go with lbe Senator from the Soulb wbo goes Ini- iliest in making penal laws and imjiosiiig tin- heaviest sunctioiis for the recovery of fiigiiivt; slave,4, and the restoraliott ofthem to their owii-
eiB.
Mr. President, upon thia part of the siiljjocl, however, allow me to make an obs'^rvation or two. I do not think the States, as Stales, ought to be responsible for all the misconduct of par- licu1nriii<lividiiala wilhiu those Stales. I ihiiik lliat the Stale.4 only nre to be held respoiisibh- when they act iu lheir sovereign capacity. II" there area few persona—indiscreet; mad, if you choose: funatics, if vou choose so to call lhem— who are for disRolviug ibis Union, as weknow there nro some at the Norib, and for dissolving il in consequeuco of the connection which exists between the free aud slaveholding Stales, 1 do not thiuk that any Stale iu wliich snch madmen ns tbey are lobe found(uight lo be heldrcsjionsl- blo for the doctrines they propagate, unless the State itself adopts llinse doctrines.
Sir, there havo beeu," perhaps, mutual caiisfs of complaint; and I know, at least 1 have heard, that Massachusetis, for somo of her uufriciidly laws on the subject of tbo recovery of fugitiv. sia
, urges as the motive for the passage of those laws ibo treatment of whicb a cerlain inin isle;- of hers experienced in Charleston sonic yeara ago. Mr. Hoar, I iliiuk, ia the name ofthe individual who was sent to Soulh Carolina to lake care of the free negroes of Massachnsetts that might pass to Charleston iu tbe vessels of MaEsachuseils. I thiuk it was a mission thatit waa hnrdly wortby of Massachusetts to havo cre¬ ated. I think sbo might bave omitted to send Mr. Hoar upon nny such mi8sIoD,but sho tbought it right to aend lnm, und ho weut there for the purpose of uaserlin^, ga he said, tho rights of ihoso free people ol color before tbo courts of justice, aud of tesling lhe validity of certain laws in Soulh Cnrolinn with rogard to the prohibition of free ncgroea from coming into her porta. I believe tbut was tbe object, that was the jiur- poso ofthe mission. Hc went there to create no disturbance, as I understand, except so far as ua- sertiug tbose rights and privileges in tho seusc iu wbicb Masancbuaotia held tbem migbt create disturbance. Ho was virtually driven out of Charleston, as, i believe, he or somo other einis- sarj' of tho same kind waa driven out of Now OrleauR. I do not mean to say whether it was right or wrong to expel him. What I mean to say is, that MassacbuBctis or some of ber citizens, has eaid that, after finding the treatment towards thoso whom sho chooses to conaider citizens, on the purt of Sonth Onrolina, she determined on that course of legislation by wliich ahe haa wilh- drawu all aid aud ussistnnce for the recovery of fiigiiivea, aud interposes obstaclea ; and theu she pleads tho treatment of Mr. Hoar aa an apology. If Soulh Carolina treated ber ill, it ia no reason why sbo thould ill treat Kentucky and Virginia, aud other sloveholditig States that had done her uo wrong.    But she thought ao.
I mention both cases—thecase ofthe expul¬ sion of Mr. Hoar from Charleston, and tho jms- sago of the laws of Massachusetts—not by way of approbation of either, butto show that tbere havo been, unhappily, mnlUBlconaes of agitation. fumished by oue class of States as w<*H as by the <. otbers; thoagb, I admit, not in tho same degree j
cause fi)r anxiety aud solicitude on this subject of slavery thuu lhe .iiave States, and that far more excuses, if uot justification, ought to be extended to the slave tli:iu tho free Slates, on account of the difierence of the condition of the respective parties.
Mr. Presldeut, passing from tbat resohititui, I will add only a siiiglejobservatlun, tbat when the bill comes up to be linally ucteil on, I will vote most cordially und heurlily for it.
Mr. DAVlcj, of Massachusetts. Will the tiou- oruble Senator permit me lo interrupt him Jor a moment? I wuul to say one word ui behalf of the Slate oi -Mussacbuselts, with hib periniBsiou. Mr. CLAY. Certainly, ceriainly. Mr. DAVIS. I have never, aUhougb most likely be may havo heard the aiwlogy stated by the honorable Senator for ]iassing the law to which he bas ru ferred; but, on the contrary, I have always understood that the law which Massachusetts had for restoring fugiiive slaves, was because tbe courts below, as they under¬ stood it, had pronounced ihtir law unconstitu¬ tional. That is thc ground which they took; whether they were wise in the legislation they adopted I shall not undertake to say. But I wish to say one word in regard lo thc mission, as it is termed by the honorable Senator from Kentucky, to South Carolina.
If 1 call tbe facts to my recollection correctly they are these. We are the owners of much sbip[)ing; we employ many sailors, and among lUum We employ tree colored men, men wboui we iu Massachusetts acknowledge to be citi¬ zens of the United Slates, and citizens of the commonwealth, and entitled to the rights of citizens. Ttiese citizens were taken from our vessels when they arrived in Soulh Carolina, and were httid in cubtody till tbe vessel sailed again. This our citizena compliiined of, wheth¬ er justly or unjustly, iliat it was an eucroacli- ment, in the first place, upon the rights of citi¬ zens, und in tbe next place, that it was a great inconvenience to men engaged in commerce.— If 1 remember rightly, and 1 think I do, the State of iVlussacliUaetts authorised its Governor to projiose, at the expense uf Ihc Stale, to tuine suitable aud proper person, w)io wus a citizen of South Carolina, to test the right tu hold her citizens in custody in tliis way, in llie courts of the Slate, or in the courts of lUe Uniied Stales. If I remember rightly, that was declined by one or more citizens ot Soiiili Caruliua. Then the mission, to wliich tlie liunurable Senator relers, was iiistilutcd, aud tlie tciiiuiiation of it I believe he bas correctly btuled.
I w'is'a it 10 appear thai -Massachusetts had no aggressive purpose whatever, buLbimjjly \v'ished that the judiciary should decide the question existing between Hilmu. SUe wuiiled nothing more, asked iiuiliing more.
Mr. CLAY. Mr. PiesiJcnt, I hear with much pleasure this explanatiuii. I liuvu been infornied, however, by an emiiiuut citizen of Massachusetts, whose name it is iiiujecessury to nieiuioit—he is nut a member of this bouy— that lbe motives for Hie repeal of these lav/s, or tur lliu passage of these laws, or ac least one of tlie motives, was the ireatmeitt of Mr. Hour in Charleston. However, I um glud to hear tUat it prucecdud from aiiullicr cause, and that is whut 1 eouceive lo be u niisconceptioii of what the true opiuiou of the judges of ilie Supreme Court wus. Wiicu the true exposition uf that oiuuiup cuuics to be known in IVlassacbuselts, i trust that the Legislature of tliai State will re¬ store tbc laws factlitutiiig lUe recovery uf fiwi- tive sJuviis, and which she repealed iu consu- <7nence uf that ini;cuitcepttou.
Mr. President, 1 liave a good deal yet to say, and 1 shall therefore jiassfroni the coiitideratioii uf this seventh resolution witb the observation, wbicli i believe I have partly-made belpre, tliut the must stringeui provision upon this subject which can be devised, will meet with my hearty concurrence antl co-oi'craitoii in the passai'i.- of the bill which is under the consitleration ol llie Senate.    The lust resulutioiideclares —
" That Congress has uo power to prohib't or obstruct the trade iu slaves between lhu slave- fioldiijg Slates ; but that tlic tidmissioii or ex¬ clusion of slaves brought from one into another of lhem, depends e.-ccliisively upou -.heir uwu particular laws."
This "ic a concession, not, I admit, of any real COnstiluitonal provi-siuii,, but a concuSaion fruui die IS'jirihlO Uig.S\\u'liunfi..et'T.\ cue j.^urth, tb bu a constituiioual provision. If the resolution sliould be adopted, lake awuy ihe decision uf the Supreme Cunrt ut' the United States on this subject, and there is u great deal, I know, tliai might be said on buth sules as to the right of Congress lo regulate tiie tr:ule between the Slates; but 1 thmk the decision of the Su[)reme Court has been fouudeil upon correct principles, aud I trust it will forever jiui an end to the question whether Congreas hss or has not the puwer to regulate the iiitereotirse and Irude in slaves between llie dillereiit States.
Sucli, Mr. Presiileiil, is the series of   rcsulu- tious wliich, in an earnest uud   anxious tiesire to present the olive brunch to   bulli   ]iarties of this distracted, ami at the present luotiient   un¬ happy oouutry, I have   tiioiiglit   it my duty lu uller.    Of  nil   men upon eurtli 1   uin least at¬ tached to any productions of my uuu   mind.— No mail upou earth is more ready ihan I am lo surrender any   thing which 1   have   pr-'j'osed, and to accept in lieu of it any iluiig that la bet¬ ter ; but 1 put it to the candor uf iiunorablc Sen¬ ators on cither side and upon all sides of  tlie ilouse, whether theit duty will be perfurmed by sitii[ily litniimg ibeiuselves to objeciions to any one or to all of llie series of  resolutions that i have   olfered.     if my plan of peace, and   ac- cotninodation, and   barmony, is not right, [)re- senl   us   your   plan.    Let   us   st?e   the counter liroject.    Let us see how ull the (]Uestioiid  that have arisen oul of this uijliaii[)y subject, of sla¬ very can be better setlled, mure fairly and jii>t- ly bellied to alt quarters of the   b"nioii, that on the plan ])ropo3fd   in   the   resoluiious   I   have olfered.       Present   me  such   a   sclieine,   and I   wilt   hail   it   wi.h jileasure, antl  will accept without the sliglicst feeling of   n-j^rci   that   my own   was   abaiuloncd.    Sir, whilst   I   \\ as en¬ gaged in anxious  consideration U[ioii this sub¬ ject, the idea of the Missonri comprumiso, as it has been termed, came   uiid'ir my review, wns considered by me, aud   finally   rejected, as iu my judgment less worthy  of   the   common ac¬ ceptance of botb parts uf this  Union   than the Jiroject whicii 1 have ollered  for cuosideratiou. Before I enter into a partieoinr examiiiatiuu, however, uf that   IMis^oiiri cuinprumise, 1 beg to be ullovved to correct a great error whicli is prevailuigjtiot merely in this Senate but tliruugh- oiit lhe whole couniry, in respect to my agency in the Missouri eomproinise, ur ratber in respect to tbe   line of   36 deg. 30 inin., whicb was es¬ tablished in 1S20 by an act of Congress.    I do not know whether anyiliing has   excited more surprise in my miiiil, as to   the   rapidity   wiili which imporiani historical truustictioiis are ob¬ literated and pass Irom the mind, ilian when 1 understood every where iluit 1   hud   been   the author of tbe line of 30. 30., which wus estab¬ lished upon the occn.sioii of   the   aiiiiiI>:-ion   nf ^Iissouri into the   Union,    it   would  mke   lo) mucb lime to go over the wiioie of that impor¬ tant era in the public aifairs of the cooutrv.     I shall not do it, altbough I liavi> got ample ma¬ terials'before me, derived from a careful exam¬ ination of the journals of botli ficiuscs.     1 will not occupy your time by going In de:ail tlirough lhe wbolo transaction, but 1   will content my¬ self with slating that so   far   from   my having presented ns a proposition lliis  liou of  3G. 30., upon the occasion of the consideration whether J\li330uri should be admitted into the Union or not, it did not originate in the Houso of   whicb I was a member.    It originated  in this body, as those who   will cast iheir ri^collcclion back, imd i am sure thc honcrahle Senator from .Mis¬ souri (iMr- Bcnton) more   correctly   than   any body else, must bring to   his   rt-collection   the fact tiiat at the Congress when the  proposition \vn3 first made to admit Missouri—or rather to allow her to hoUf a   convention and   frame   a Cimstitution and decide whether she should  or should not be admitted into the Union—the bill failed   by   a   disagreement   bcitween   the   two Houses, lhe Houso insisting on and the Senate digsenling from the provisions contaiued in the ordinance of 17S7.    The House insisting on the iuterdiclion of slavery, antl the Senale rejecting the pro)>osiiion of   the inii.Tiiiciion of   slavery, the bill (ell tbrough ; it diti not pass ut that ess- s-ion of Congress.     At the next session it was renewed, and at the time of its renewal I\Iaino Was knocking at our door to be  admitted into lho Union.    In the House there wns a majority lor the restriction as to slavery in  Missouri; in the Senate there was a majority opposed to all ronirictioii.    In llie Seuate tbercfure, in order to carry   through  the .Missouri bill, or the pro¬ vision for her admission—or ratlier autliorizin<' ber 10 determine the questionof ber ailmisston— that bill was coupled with a bill for the ailmis- sion of Maine.    'J'hey were connecled togeiher, and the Senate said to tbc House, " You want a bill for tho admission of  Maine   passed, hut you shall not bave it, unless  you  take   along with it a bill for the admission of Missouri al¬ so.''    There was a majority, a very large one, in die Senate for coupling both together.
Well, sir, the bill went throush all tbo usual stages of disagreement, of committees of con¬ ference, and thero were two committees of conference on the occasion before the matter was finally setlled. And it was finally settled to disconnect the two bills—to admit Maine separately, without any connexion with Mis¬ souri, and to insert in the Missouri bill a clauae, propoaed in the Senate of the United Slates by
slavery north of the line 36. 30., and leaving it open south of that line, either lo admit it or not to admit it. Well, sir, tbe bill finally pasbcd. The commilleeaof conference of tbe two Houses recommended the detachment of the two cases, and the passage of the Missouri bill with the clause 36. 30. Jn it; and so it paased, so it went to Missouri, so it for a moment quieted the country, by means of the introduction of ihi clause 36. 30. You will find, I repeat, sir, it you will take the trouble to look at the journals, tbat on aa many as three or four dilferent oc¬ casiona Mr. Thomas in every instanco present¬ ed tbe propoaition of 36. 3U. It waa finally agreed to; and I lake occasion to say that amongst tliose wbo voted for tbe line 36- 30. were the majority of the Southern members—my friend from Alabama, (Mr. King,) in the Sen¬ ate, Mr, Pinkiiey, from Maryland, aud indeed the majority uf ihc Southern Senators voted in favor of the line 36. 30.; and lhe majority of the Southern members in tbe other House, at the head of whom was Mr. Lowmles bimacif, voted also for that line. I have no doubt I did also; but, as I waa Speaker of the Houae at lhe lime, and thc journal does not show how the Speaker votea exce[Jt in the case of a tie, I was not able to ascertain, by a resort to ilm records, how 1 (£.d vote, hut I have very little doubt Ihat I voted, in commou with my other Southern friends, fur tlie adoption, in a spirit of com[iromise, it is true, of the line 36. 30.
WeU sir, so the matter ended in 18:20. Dur- ing that year Missouri held her Convention, adopted her constitution, scut ber delegates lo Congress seeking to be admitied into the Uni- | but she had inserted a clause "in ber Cun- siitntion containing a prohibition uf free people of color from that State. She came bere wiUi her constitution coniaining that i)rohibiiion, and immedialely the Nuriliern members look excep¬ tion to it. Tbe flame whicii had been repress¬ ed during the previous session now burst furtU with doublo violence throughout the wbole Uni¬ ou. Legislative bodies all got in moiion to keep out Missouri, in cunseqiienue uf her interdictiun of free people of color from witliin her limits. i did not arrive at Congress that session till January, and when I,got_herc 1 found bolh bod¬ ies completely paralyzeti in consequence of Lhe struggle to exclude Missouri Irom lhe Union in consfcyiience of iliai prohibition.
Well, sir, I made the first effort in lbc House to settle It. 1 asked for acommittee uf ihirieen, and a conimittce of lliirieeu was granted to me, representing all ttie oid States of the Union. The committee met. 1 presented to them a resolulion, which was adopted by the committee and reported to the Huuse—not unlike the one to which I will presently call the attention uf tlie Senate—anil we should have carried it in llic House but forthe votes uf Mr. Randotplj, uf \'irginia, Mr. Edwards, of North Carolina, aud Mr. Burton, of South Carolina—two of the three I believe, no longer living. These three Souihern voles were all cast against the com¬ promise which was prepared by tlie Committee, or rather by myself, as chairman of the com¬ inittee of thirteen, and defeated it.
Weil, sir, in that condition the thing remained for several days. The greatest anxiety pervad¬ ed tlie couniry—the pnblic miud was unsettled —men were unhappy—tbere was a large ma¬ jority of the Huuse then, as I hope and tni-it iliere is how a Inrge majority iu Congress, in favor ofan equitable accommodation or seitle¬ ment of llie qiiesiiou ; and the resoltiliun would have been adopted, 1 believe, but when it came to the v.ite by yea3 and nays, iinforiuiiately tiit-n —mure uiifortunalely then, I hope, than now, if there should be occasion for it now—there wen: few Ciirtinses and Leonidases willing to risk themselves for the safety and security of tlieir country. I endeavored to avail myself of that good feeling, aa far as I could ; and afier a few says had elapsed, I brought forward anoiher [iruposition ; anew one, perfectly unpractised in this country, either before or since, as far as I know. I proposed a joint commiiteo of llie two Houses, thui of the Hoose to consist i.f iwenty three members, (the number of the Senate committee I do not recollect,) and that this conimiiiee should be appointed by bnliot ; for at that liine .Mr. I'aylor, uf New York, wa,- iu tbe chair, and Mr, Taylor was lhe very ntan who had liist prtipuscd the restriction upuii I^Ii?- soiiri. He proposed that she shuuld only bv ailmUied, rn. till- jiiiiwjtJ,/.t.f .^^'.n md t-cm.iuui* tee be appointed by ballot. Well, sir, my ma¬ tion was carried by a large majority; and mem- bera came to tno from all quarters uf tbe I luuse, and Said, 'whom .Mr. Cl.w, do you waij'- lu have wilh you ou the committee.'' I made oiu my list of twcntv-ibree niemliers, ami 1 ven; urr to say that that happened on that o.rcaslon wluidi will iiardly ever bappi-n again, eighteen of tin- twenty-llirce were etecteil uu the fuil b.ili('t— antt the remaining live on luy list liavmg the largest luimber nf vote«!, but nut the maJTity. I moved to ilispeiise with any furilter baII-iL:ii^ and tliat these live should be u'-'ded lu the eigiit teen, that completing the cumiiiHtee tif tweniy- three. One or iwo gentiemen, Mr. LiveriiUiri-. of New Hampshire, and one or two otiiers, de¬ clined to serve un the committee; and, very iiMicIi lo my regret, and somcwliat to my an- iioyance, the lamented .Mr. Randolph anil ^luuilier person were placed in their siiualioo — I furget whether dune by ballot or by the Speal;- er; it is enough to say they were put un liic coin- mittee.
Well, sir, tlic Senate immediately a^^'reed to thc proposition, appointed ita committiie, and we met in this hall on tbe Sabbath day, witliin two or three days of the clo:ie of the session, whr-n the wbole nation was waiting with bremliless an.\iety for some final and lieaiini; measure upon the distracting subject which oc¬ cupied our attention. We met here on that day, and aecnrdiiigly the moment we met, .^I^. liandulph ninile a suggestion wbicli 1 knew would bl' attended with the greatest enibarra^s- iiient and iliilicidiy. He cunteiideil that uver the twu comniitlees of the two houses the cliair- tuati of thc House cominittee tmd a rluhi to presiile, and hc was about to iii,-?ist a: ?uiiie length that the two committees sliuiild be blend- eil together, and that I siioiUd preside over butli. I instantly interposed, and stated that I did nut ihink that was lhe correct mode, hut that the chairman of the commiliec of each House should preside over his own committee, unit that when the committee of one House inatiir- L'll anil adopted a prupi'siiion it shoiikl be sub¬ mitted to the oilier committee, and if agreed ti> by them, if sht^nld be reported to thc iwu Houses, aud its adoption recommended. Thai course was ajjrecd upon, and ^Ir. Hulme.*, I br; lieve, of Maine, presided over the committte (if the Senate, and 1 prt-bided over the ci-niiiiit- tec of llie Mouse. 1 did then, what I have prtUested I would not do at this session, took tcu mueh the lead iu the discussion- I brought for¬ ward the proposition which I ^vili refer to pres¬ ently ; and I ciid more, I took the troublu to as- CLTtaiii tbe vicvi-s uf eacli member of the com mittee—1 piiiled the cummlltee, if I may use the expres:-ion. 1 said, now, gentlemen, we do not want a proposition carried here by a fioiple nnijoriiy, anJ repurled to llie Huuse, llier.- to be rejected. 1 am for someihing practical, someiliing conclusive, soiiicibing dt-cj-ivc upon this agitating question, and it sbould he carried by a good majority- Huw will you vote Mr, .\.l how will you vote Mr. B.? bow wdl yuu vote 3Ir. C./ antl I [tolled tliem iu tliaC way.— Weil, sir, to my great happiness, a sniricient mimijer responded alfirniaiivcly that the/ would vote for the proposition to enable me to know tbat, if they coniinued to vote   that way in the
was turned, and twisted, and uaed in ev-'ry pos¬ sible variety of furm. All wai in vain. An iut!exiht(i majority stood out lo the l,i=i agaiust the admission of Missouri; and yd '-ho ii.:iulu- tiun—
Mr. UNDERWOOD.    I havo it here. Mr. CLAY.    IE yon   will read it, I shall h-^ obliged to you. ;
Mr. UsuEKwooD read the resolulion ui  lul- lows:
Resolution providing for the admission of tutj Siate of iMissuun into the Uiiiuii uu a certain condiiion.
Resolved by thc Sena:,: and JIuisti .if K-prt:- ¦^ciUatiues of tho Unittti .Vii-itci oJ America ft Coii^re^is a.sseinbleU, I'liut Moauun ;IkiU bu admilied iutu this Union on an eiputl luuiuig Willi the original Stales m all rcspceu '.'.lja,u--vc., upon llie fundainenla! cundiitun inal Uie 1uli:-.:i clause of the 26[b bectiun ul ilie Lima .n L.jte ui lhe constitulion, submitted un lhe [laci "l a^i.d State to Congress, ihall never be ei-.i-imea lo uuihorize tbe passage of any lav., ;i,id tii.i.'. i.> law shall be passed in cuidurnmy wr. m-i^, by which any citizen uf eitlier of il.c ^.;r.i •> lu Uj.» Union shall be excluded frum ilie i_i.j.-/nii .,l -..i any uf the privileges and iiuimuuU' ^ '-j \. hn.h such citizen id ciilitlcd under the t;--ii3^r-n;.-ii uf the United Slates: PructiUU. Tli.i; \x:--. i-'-J,- ibiature uf the flaid State, by a =ui. n.n pti..,,:j act, shall declare the assent ut itie .-.i.d >:.:;¦: lu lhe said fundamental cuikIuiuii, und sUuil 11:11:--- mit lo the President of lhe United M.iu-., .u 'jt before the fuunh JMunday in JSuVeuibcr iiei:t, I an autheiilic copy of the said act; xi^jun il;e re- Iceipt Whereof, the President, uy p.i,i;uiii..;-..'jji, ll aniiunnce lhe tact; whereupuii, aii'-l >'-.lii- uut any further proceeding un the pan ui C...- greaS, thc adinisaioii of tlie said CDtati: ii:;'.< i'.tii Union shall be considered aa cuui[ilei-j.
[Appruvcd .March L', IbJl- Mr. CLAY. There is the reauhu-un. -:r, and yuu see 11 'i-i precisely what 1 have •=vo.\t.r.. After all this exciiement tiirougliuui the t:ut,;i- try, reaching tu .such an alarming puintihaL •.:•.¦% I.Iliun itseli was su[)pused tu be in ih-j lUi'^ina- inineni peri! aud danger, the parties wj e -:i:- i^lied by ibo declarutiun ul ;jn iucijx-.:<.^'..\i.o principle uf constilutiunal law. thai \. i.^.: ;i.',- ¦ ci^instituiiuu uf a Stale i3 VIU .iiive in Us [¦;¦.¦..- s'on;: of ibe cunstituiion of iln.- L'inied Siu'>,:, li,- cunaiitutluii of the L'nded Siji--.- is j-iun;- i.\ and the cuiisiitutiun uf the St;'.:e. m Ui.ii \i-..: ..;- ular, is a nullity and Vi.id, 'I i;;;i -.wi^ ;; ,.— They wanted sumelhing as a jua^.lii.'i.U".;. :;i.i this aj)peared, at Ica-t, a juiunvj'-i'-n "i ih-s course they took. 'There is a siie;-: i.v,;: u: language there of a high suimdiriij; L-um ;:j''jj — ihai It shall be a fundamental :u;t. ;i -L...|--iii.: ;i_-, .11 auibeniic act; but, after ail,\M:eij }¦,'. r,i!:-j to strip it uf 113 verbiage, it n u^jtiu:!^ I'l;: -.:.¦-¦. announcement of ihu pnneipie iliai i.n-- ' ¦¦: -';- tniiuii uf the Uniied ^aiaii-s i.s paiamuni:- '. v.-r the local coiistiiution of any one ul lU'- i.;'.'.-"i of the Union.
IVIr. I'resident, I may draw from 'li-i: t;;;-:: action in our history winch we are ir-v.- <. >.:'.".:.
this mural: that nuw, as ttien, il ¦..-¦ v.,:i only sulfer our reason tu have iis -.¦¦¦r^-. .'.t.i vny, and to stiil and hush the pasMun :¦-. '¦ t-\- citemeiit lliat has been created by tht; I'.i ..-.¦ m, iliu dilliculty wdl be more than iiail n.i ''. -J. .11 the settlement, upon just and ainieai.'.'- [¦r:ii- ;iples, of any quesiions which unhaj:piiy 'J,v,:j Lis al tbis motnent.
But, sir, 1 wis-h 10contrast the plan"! a>-. <¦.:¦.• mudaiiuii whicb is pruposfil by mtj w::'i 'A'.'W which is olfered by the Missuuii c^ i/:iii"i^:-'> Ime being extended tu the Pacille iivr;i,', :i[;d sk uf gemleitien from the South, :'.i..i u.i::!';- men frum Ihe A't-rtli, too, which i-* mi ¦-: ['I'lt-r, wliicli is most j¦l^¦I. aud to whicii tli-re i: Uvj: iea--t causo of objeeiiou.
Now, sir, what was done by ilr; M.r-— un liue* Slavery was positively itit'.-nl, r.M ::-ii'.:i uf that line. The question of ili-„* a \\:i --¦¦¦n o. exclusion uf slavery auutli uf tiial i.i.^- w.n I'.i.z settled. There was uu [iruvi-.Mi] n.-c -Invi-r/ sliould be ititruduced or e-jiabli-lied -mKu i_l tiia": line. In pointuf fact, itL-xi-^u-il in ail ".he utti- lory south of tbe hne uf -'(6 ili.>L;rei-- '.¦¦') nuMiiei, embracing .\rkausas and LL>n;-F.ui.i. I: w;i= nol necessary tlien, it is true. i'> ti:-t.-r. ;i i -m-'- ,idmiliiiig slavery at that Inn-.*, 'i; '. ^.: ¦ i' theic is a power to mierdict. ii|--r ¦ - .1 ['."V-t to   admit;    and  I  put   it   tu   m-u!i'-;ii.'n . i   '!.-.¦
South, an-  ili.-u-  i.jc^i.^r"-!  «" i—   —.•- •    -
akr.cry tu the north ol it, and ¦d-''''.>'l '¦'¦ "'-•• '¦ ' guaranty fur lhe pus essiun ot >i;.¦.'¦!;. ¦¦¦ ¦" ¦ t ihat line / The hunurable Sonau-r lu ii'. ,¦!,-.- 1- sippi mid us the other day iliai_h'-' w.- i '': ; r ¦¦ i^aietl to be saiirlied with that ecnii i-uh - ;-:.¦¦. He luid us, if 1 understooil hi:n 1 i^ii.'.; ;..,*' iiuihiiig shuii uf a po=itive iiilrudiieiivji,— Mr. FOOTE. Recoi^nition. .Mr. CLAV. That nuUiin- .'-h-itn! a [...¦ live recogitiiioM of slavery sontf: -¦!' ;ii:- 1: i- •: j'j degrees 30 intiiutes, wuiild '.x'.i^'.f lun;,-- VVell, IS there any body wlio biluv--- '.ij;i' ;¦. j 'juuld get twenty votes in tlii= ljit,iy_ or it ; r.'- jiuniunal number in the otlu-r IIiMi-e. id u ¦¦:¦ - Uiraiiun in favur uf tlie iec";:nn;uii ..i s..ivi-i/ -utith uf the line .'i6 deg. 30 min. ,' 1. i> m;.; ¦-. sible. All thai yuu can g^M. ull i!i;u y.':, ^n'l e.xpect to get, all tliai was pr-'["teed .1: tne i;i-: session, was action un th,' ourtli ul' tbe lioe, ;iiid iiuii-actiun as re^jards sidvery -.'ii'li ni 1h.1l ii..". h IS interdicted 011 one sidi.-, v\-;Mu>ii'. :n:/ t-VU"- ri.'.-pundiiig jirovision for il-i ;ii!jin.-:.ou '^r. UU ¦ >tlier side of the line of ?.<}. 30.
iVow. sir, when I came it) enn-^Mc; t!.J : r. ¦ jeci, and t'> compare the prov-^.nf of !ii-' :::¦* •)i 36. 30.—the Missouri noinp.i-ni;-'.' \:i.: —'.. "."1: the plat! wliich 1 jiropuse fur tn- :ij'-.iii!ri' l.i- tiuii uf this question, wlmt ^"^W I tu niv-v : .'-- Why, if I oiler the line nf 36. '.;ri., :u-.';.i, -¦•,¦ ;; lavery north of it, and letivu.ir Ur..- 'i:! --.mi jpeii south of that line, I olli-r ilii; v.i, ¦¦ 1 . ¦ .''.. usury lothe South, 1 olfer llr-t v.'i .-'w ¦-.m, .}¦'- ceive tliem, if thcy suppnsi' liial >i:iv! i v v:.'.- L,^ nilru.Uiced soutli ul Ihat line, I: 1- i.- '¦- r 1 : litem, I said to ni_Y=eif—it !s f-:i<r i-.-;;.i whole South, that there «ii:Mi'd b-. .,. ..-.i ¦: ;-. un bull) sules, than thai ib.Te -In ;ti 1 !.'¦¦ ::¦¦ , ;i iitcrdietriiii slavery on ot:!* s;(Ic, v-i;i; '..: :• :. :i r.ir lhe atlmissiun of -lavery nn ih,- '.-.'.i.:': -. ,. . i the line. Is it not so / What \.\\i:xi li. ¦^.xw.i.X '>;.• thc suiHh. if the Missouri lnn- i" v\': \. ¦¦ i ;¦.! the I'afifiL', with nn interdieiion uf ^!:lV'.-^/ [lortli of it / Why, sir, onu' of \\..' vrry :...; ;- ments which lias been most oficn and u;-' : ' ;.- riuusly nrgetl by the Sunili bas been l!i..-, '.'¦: ¦: we ilo nut want you to k-^i-rlaie upon V.u.- - .;,- lirct at all; you ough: not tu luueli i" ; V' >•¦ ;.,.'.¦.: no power over it. I ilo in"*! ccnnur, a i? ¦.,¦.¦,i known from what I have said n['.m lb.- - t-M- sion, in this view i^f the snbjeel. but \\i.:: i- thc Stintbern argument. \\'e t!o lU.: v.;-,: v u to legislate at aU on tliff sid.j.'ct ff 5l:iVffy : ;- r, if yuu adopt tho Missouri hoc antl ex:i ¦¦¦ . ' '¦ j llie Pacific, ami intenliet slavery ij.m:'' ¦ :m: Ime, you do legislate upon the su!.!.'." ¦ i' - tv.;- ry, iuui you legis ate witliuu; a f..!:r-;.: 1.;.:; equivalent of legi.-latMjn I'V. tbe s.d'ji-.¦: ¦ ' -li¬ very suinh of tl.e line. Vi-r. if ilii-t.- :.'- ¦.¦;:i-!:i- lion, iiiiertlicling slavery ir-Tih of :!;i' V.'... . 'ht. principle id erjtiali:y Wi'iiiri rei;n;f.' tl.a' i!:.-ii. shuuld be legislaiiuu uiliiii::iii^ sl.ivi-rv ^'i-,v.:\ ux li.e Ime.
Sir. [ have said tiinl I never c.-uM ¦.-!¦;.¦ 1". r •'.
ami   I repeat that   1 never can. an.l   ii-.'\rr w ¦
vote for   it; andno   earthly power   -irill    ¦¦.¦¦:
jnake mc vote to plant   slavery where   -'¦¦:>
tloes not exist.    SiiU, if tlicrt;   be a   \m:-\-.. ¦•: —
and there ongbt   to be such a tnajuriiv—I. r . ;
terdicting shivery north of the line, !::-¦:.¦ '¦¦!>¦
\ to be an equal niaiurity—if eqnrilnv ;i:i'i  ; :-
be doue to  the South—to   ntlmi:   sl,ivi-rv ¦ ..1;:
I uf the line.      And if thero bea nr.ii'n.!'-' ;¦•:!.i>
I 10 accomplish both uf these   purp-'-r-. :;¦-   '^!i I
,«Uirb:ir
.wiu-i;
two   Houses, of wbicli   1 had   nol a iianielc of 1 .      , .        -      ,
doubt iuthe world, the   pruposiiion would   be ! ^¦:"",'°^'=''"^"'^'".''"¦¦ ¦'''=''"'^^>¦¦'^ ' "' carried In the two Houses.   Accordingly, itliav- Ing been agreed npon by both commutecs, nnd reporli'd to their rcspcfiivo Houses, it was fin¬ ally atluptctl.
This joint rcsaluiion for tbe admission of Mis¬ souri, wn3 passed in 1S21. (1 find I have been furnished with ouc whicb waa proposed, but not ado[)ted. Thc right ono is coiitainetl in tho statutes at large ; I have seen It ihere.)
Well, sir, .'he resolution was finally adopted. I cnn state, without reading it, what its provis¬ ions are. It declares tbat, if there be nny pro¬ vision in the constimtion of Missouri Incompat¬ ible with the constitution of the United Siate.s, I^lissuuri sliall forbear to enforce the rcpiti;n.!iK provisions of her consiituiioii,and that .'he thaii, by some solemn and authentic act, deehirt- thai she will not enforce any provisions of lit-r con¬ stitulion which aro incompatible with the con¬ siltulion of the United SlatC!; and t:|inti her passage of sucb a solemn and untlientic act, the President of the United Stales—who was at that limo Mr. Monroe—shall make proclama- lloii of the fact; nnd thereupon, and without any further K^gislation of Congress, Missouri shall be admilied into the Union.
Now, sir, I want to call your attentiou to this period of history, and lu the transactions which look place during ihc progress ofthe discussion upon lhe resiilntion.
During tho discussion wliich took place in the House nt that time, from day to day, nnd from night to night—for the discussions frequently ran into the night—we who were for admitting Missouri into the Union, said to our brelhreu from the North—* Why, geiulemen, if there be j
any provision   in the cousiitution of Jlissonri | lerdicl slavery on  one side  of the lio' which   is   repugnant lo tho consiiiution of the ; passive in regard to it on the other sid United States, it is a nullity.    Thc constiiuiiun   line I of the U. Stages, by virtue of ita own operaiion its own self-o()eration—vacates it.    Any tribu¬ nal on earth before which the question may hi; brought, muat pronounce the constitulion of the Uniied States paramount, and must pronounce as invalid tbo repugnant prnvisiona of the con-
of the last  lo create   any be one of the first to ncip
lion, though it is contrary to my own i,r[|;;:ti.'nr and my own eon?eiri;ce. 1 ihink, il;ei', it w.xi ,f fpc belter to kce[) t-ie whole of ihc^e t-jmiui ;--i mitoocbed by any leg'slation by (.'oii;;re-^ i.\\ \\iv subject uf slaveiy, leaving it open, imd.v.Jc.'. without any acii<i-i of Congress in r','iaii. n tc it ; that it wotiiil be best fur the South, and W'H I'ur all the views which tbo South has, fnun time to time, thsclosed lo na corroipotidctu v. ;-.l; her wishes.
I knuw it may be sniti wilh r^'iiard !•> u.i'fi ceded tt'rritories, as itls said wiili riiTii'--'- '" ralifurtiia, tbal non-lcgislciuun i't.; ie- i:;'- -;ini-, iliiiif; as thc cXcIiibiiMi uf ^liivt-ry. T!i:i: w- cannoi help. That Cunsress i-^ n.'T rrrr. .i,.-ii able for. If nature has pr.'iunini:^'d tl..- i ' ":i t>: slavery npon those territories, ii" -Ic ed, by her immutable lawn, siav.rv- shall not be Iniroduced ihere. w ii- reproach but nature or natiire"- (! gress you cannot; Coiiyress ail^¦;'^ - isiiaasive; Congress is nonai-iive ; the subject of slavery sonlh an,! \.- line, or rather Coiigre^.';. !ii-C'"d(ti^ which prupuse- to extend no I.:; •, [?niire theatre uf these t.-rriion. ¦; 11:, legislative enactment, either to e.\e mil slavery.
Well bir, r ask again—tf you wilt list''?; -., voice uf cahii and dispasslunate reas'iTi— I uf aiiv man from the S.nitli tc rise ami l.il if il I-S not better fur his section nf ihe l'; that Coiigrers should remain pn3!>ivi'. nn 1 sides of any ideal   line, than tbat it   sb^Hil 1
of tho
nd
lb-
Mirli,' I hy de or ad-
Mr. Thoratis, Senator ftom lUinoisj reBtriciing Istitution of Missouri.'   Well, air, the argument
Sir, I am taxing botb tbr physical nmi i;ir;I- leciual powers wbich a kind Pruvitl('i;cc lin= be- 5loW' d upon me too much—tou murli by r:ir — though I beg to be permitted, if the Senaie wili have paiience with me, to conclude ;vhat 1 liave to say, for I do not desire to tiespnss another day upon your time and patience, ss I am ap-