Lancaster Examiner and Herald

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VOL. XIX.
LAIS'CASTER,  PA.,  WEDNESDAY,  FEBRUARY 12, 1845.
NEW SERIES, VOL. VII.--NO. IL
PUBLISIIEP nY
EDWARD C. DARLINGTON.
OFFIOK IN NORTH aUKKN STREET.
The E.YAMINER & DEMOCRATIC HERALD is published weekly at two dollars a j ear.
AovKRTtsEMBSTs not cxeccdingonc B-juare will ho nacrted throe times for one dollar, and twenty- five couts will be charged for epch additionalinser- tion. A lihoral discount allowed to those who ad- Tertisc by the year.
FOR TIIK EXaAl.SEK   &  HERALD
HE WHO WAS F0U>;DI.\ A MANGEK.
Thf liright am] phiiiinfr Pl«r.
Wita feen by utrnngpra from nTar, ¦Wh/Ti fir»l in n lowly inangi-r.
Did apiMTir this (avt-ly Birans'T.
In the town nf RiMhlf^lK-m,
He (lifl fint Hppcnr to men ; The flifpher/lp mi tho mountains bish.
Heard the glail tidings df {;rt;at Jny.
It  was h(! \vli.>m I'npanBditi tlfiirte.
It wa» tie whom Poior thrice denied, )t waa hfi who rnisrd Lni'.ttrun fn-m Ihi* dfad
Anil Ihu fivu Uiiiufiaiid so tniraculnuely fe»I.
By him the withered hand waa hraled.
And man> rfdcmptinu by him is sealed. It wa« ht » ho hniig on ih» arxurwd irco
To act a world of aimicrs free.
It wn^ he who hursi frum ihc pilenttomb, .
And Hnnrcd on h't^h (o hit* Fnlhiir'd throne. At whore riRhi lixml he now siiv plt-ading.
Ter wandering, guilly sinners interct'ding
(Ie aokt UK all to enlist in nurmicht.
llts y<\tiu III ca»y. Iiir Ixirdon is lifiht, Tnt-nch WRtnieriiis sinner hi' uow doca say,
Cnnit: uiitu mc I am the way.
Thii is the way the apo-;|Ie8 trod:
And wh'i vi-<Mil<I ilctilinc tho road to Ood ? All yn who Inve lhe better way. Follow liitn and ynu will tind eternal day. rolace of DMpair. Jnn. 18J5. J. B. h.
when she was slretehed oql m a siring, or ,' eJ than t was, for I knew who they were,
and Uiev (iiiln'l know wlui or what I wa- .—
«3SwirfwgwM>jwaMJuej"wgjw!waiw^
even langlcd up i:i a knot, I \VoUid ^IkjoI the l)ear, draw her (iffoHc side, throw a lit¬ tle cold walci'over her, leave her, and go
They kepi muUcriug something very I'a^t, and I thouglit they were  going lo  ijuit tht
ron THE KXAMIiVEn AND HEkALD.
TO ELIZABETH OF W-
I IRE thy imape day by dny
And in tin*. "Fiilly nishl." In wakiiic nnd in ilrmining moul,
A vision pure and bright
A« distant mu^ic fiintly heard
Thy Siren vuitc I hrar. Falling hi accent." soft and low
On my enraptured ear.
Wht:n toil nnd strife nnd care perplex, And douht aud sorrow slingd
Th*-thought of ihiiecomtOBii-alins in, With healing on its winga.
FOR TIIE  EXAUI.NFR.   ANO   IIKRALD.
POETlCArENIGMA.
In youth exalted high in air,
Or bathing in the waters fair;
Nature to form me tnnk delieht
And clad my body all in whito.
My person tall, and slender waist,
On eitticr side wUb fringps graced.
Till me that tyrant man espied
And tore me from ray mothers side;
Nn wonder now I look so thin,
Tho tyrant stripped me to the skin;
My skin he flayed my hair he cropped,
From head to foot my body lopped,
And then wiih heart more hard than stone,
lie picked my marrow to the bone,
To vex me more he took a freak.
And slit my tongue to'makc me speak,
But that which wonderful appears,
I speak to eyes and not to cars;
All languages are at my command,
Yet not a word I understand.
Without my aid the best divine
In learning would nol knuw a line ;
The lawyer must forget his pleading,
The scholar could not show his reading;
Nay man, my master, is my slave,
I give command to kill or save.
Can grant ten thousand pounds a year.
And make' a beggar's brat a peer ;
But while I thus my life relate,
I only hasten nn my fate.
My tongue is black, ray mouth is fur'd,.
1 bartlly nnw ran force a word,
I die unpitied and forgot,
And on some field am left to rot.
r. M. T).
OLB JUPE:
OR,-HOW TO WIN A WESTEIIN VOTE.
'Come, Earth,' said an old hunter, 'a
. sheriff oughlaUvays to be ab.lelotellajfood
story, that be may amuse a fellow when
he is making him shell out—let us see what
you can do m that way.'
' Time enough,' said Earth, ' when I am elected; but at present, I must knock about, to see if I cannot pick up a vole or two.'
' The best way to pick up votes, Earth,' replied an acquaintance, ' is to tell a good story.'
'Very well then, Jack,' said Earth, ad¬ dressing the last speaker,' 'marke a ring and give mc fair play, and I will tell ono, and whether it be good or bad, I leave you all to judge. It shall bc the truth, that is, . it shall bc something which has happened to me at some time of my life, aud if after telling it, you don't vote for me, if I don't lick you, I will agree never to tako another •coon hunt.'
• Then whack away,' said Jack. 'Well, well, well, well, upon a time,'
began Earth.
' And what happened then,' asked one of the group.
' Why so many things have happened to me,' said Earth, ' since I've been rooting about these woods, that I hardly know what to tell, orwhich will interest most.'
'Then tell, us of the lime you floated down the Ohio.'
' WeU, well," said Earth, bursting out in a loud laugh ' I will tell that, for 1 had al- hiost clean forgot it; but I was in a predic¬ ament, wan't I.'
'Tell us the story and we then shall be able to judge,' sail an old hiinter, whn, standing near, was leaning on his rifle; 'do begin. Earth and mako no more prepara¬ tion ; you take as long to get under way as a man does who breaks a yoke of young steers, or greases a pair of cart wheels, before he sets upon his journey.'
'Then I'm off, old man,'said Earth,'but I must lako a running start, and begin again.'
'Well, well, well—once upori a time I had taken my old bitch Jupiter, that you have often heard me tcU of;—old'Jupiter was a nice Oiing—I had taken her 'long, snd had.gono off on a bsar hunt, had been ¦.absent two or three weeks, and had wan- . dered very far from home,   1 wais a ven- ...turous lad in those days, and never belter , satUfied than whon alone in the wild woods. I had worked my way down into the (ork formed by the emptying of the Cumber- viand into the Ohio river, and I liad worried ¦the bear right badly.   I had rare sport.— Old Jupe was in  a good humor, and-she and Iwas mighty loving, for she hadfou'l some fights which I never can forgit, and ¦ which made mo love herlike a new flint, iand she loved niu as ifl was a bacon bone, fol- Ihad helped her out of some'of her 'dURct)ltios,wheni.twould have been a gone case.if .1 badji't been present; I say difli- . cuUies, for I never did see a dog so tired , asshe was.    Ido believe during, nome of these fights that I am now talking about, I saw the bears hug her, until they stretch¬ ed heroutinUi a long- string.    I'es, I have seen ' em squeeze her, until sho wan't lar¬ ger than my arm. and at least nine or ten feet long; you might have wound her in a ball, just asyou would have done a hank of yarn.'
¦   'Then they must have killed her,Earth,' said one of the group.
'Vou know nolhingaboUtit.'saidEarth. 'don't interrupt mo; but I am good for your vote; then turning to the crowd,'ain't It so, gentlemen, dou'thc forfeit itiorstdp- .ping mel'
' Certainly,' was the reply. '.Then: I have, made two   vjtes,'   .said Earth.
• All nowcried, •' go on, Earth, go on with your story.'    ¦
• ' Well,'saidEarth,'hestopped!mesome- •. thing aboul the bears killing Jupe; now old : Jupe wau't ofthat breed of dogs at all, for
to butchering.   In an hour, and somttiiri'^s  log and break il, but iu-teralew minutus ii would take longer, sho wouid hi'gin  to   they boc.imo siiL-iit, and began peeping come together liKe a jointed snake, and ^ toward where 1 was likeacuuplouf turkies ¦ ""  ¦' ' ¦ ¦ looking flir worms.   And tlicn one said,
'clon'tvoii.seesoirletliing"!' 'Yes,' answer- nil the other, 'dark lump ; boar, perhnps;' and the one whn first spoke, cried out, • who's therel' I didn't answer, bull grill¬ ed small so fast Iryin": to squeeze raysolf out of sight, that my akin hung as louse as if il waa a big Jacket. They kept peeping at me, and Ilieard ono say, 'It is no boar. It is a man, look al his head.' When 1 heard hini say so, I was so mad I wished my head Was under the log, bul tlien I tliouglit if il was, I wouldn't be any belter off than I was then, so I slraiglilcned up; I knowed thoy had .scon mc, and I tliought twan't worth while to play 'possum any longer. Well, when I straightened up, he cried out agin, 'wlio's therel' 'Iam here,'said I, speaking in his own language. The mo¬ ment I spoke, he laughed, and said to the other, ho is a pale face.''
'IIow could he tell that, Earth,' inquired another of the group, 'yon say that itwas dark, and a fog was rising.'   .
' I've gol you, J im,' s-fiil Earth, then paus¬ ing, he began lo count on his (ingors, say¬ ing ' that is four, no, threo ; now don't fiir- get, Jim.'
' Go on, go on, Earth,' cried half a dozen voices.
' Well, the reason he knowed me so quick, was that he seed I didn't sjieak the real Ingen. After ho had lold the olher that I was a pale face, he turned to me, and said, 'what you doing therel' 'tit¬ ling down straddle on the small end,' said I. " When I said this, they biirst out into a laugh; I iiiyselfwasin no laughing huiTlor, ami it diihi't .sound to hie like a laugh, bul like a sort ofciiuckle, and one said lo tliu other, ' he is a pale face, a lean dog, sleep¬ ing on a log, we did calch him good,' and saying this tiiey did put thcirhands to their moullis, and gave the war whoop. I tell you what, it was an awful sound, and thnn they4old their companions on shore that a pale (ace was on a log with them, lo get the boat and come quick. Those onlhe shore answered them, and ran laughing "down the river looking for the boat, and keeping along with the log. I now found that I must go at the old work, and my bristles began to rise.'
' Come here,' said one of 'em, beckon¬ ing to me. ' Come quick, before the oihers come; I want your hair.'
'Whal did he mean by thatl' said one, who with the most fixed attention had been .standing by, eagerly devouring all that Eartli had been telling.
'Why he wanted'to .scalp me—but re¬ collect,'if you please, I have your vote too,' said Earth again pausing an instant, ' 'i'hat is five, no, four. Well, when hc called me to him to lot him have my hair, I couldn't stand it no longer, bullhrowingnp' my ri¬ fle, blazed away; hejumpcd uplike a buck, and fell splash in the water. My rifle made a mighty pretty noise, and I heard the repori rolling away for miles Up and down the river. As soon as I lired,lhe In- 'gens nnlhe bank also screamed the war 'whoop, and the fellow on log cried out to 'em to bring his gun. Ijumped up and crawled at him ; he gathered up an old limb and stood his ground. The lirst thing I knowed, he come down upon me all in a heap, breaking the old limb into a dozen pieces over my head and.shoulders ; it was a guod thing for me that-the limb wasn't sound. Hi» blow staggered me, bull soon rose up, and and seizing my riflo wiih bolh hands brought him a side wipe with the barrel. As I did this, hu slipoed otf the log into the water; I then hit him another lick, and stoopilig quickly down, seized him by lhe head, as he tried to crawl up upon the log, and ho in the water, so I had him at a disatvantagc-
'Well, I kept bobbing his head under; when I first did it, the bubbles came up just like you wore filling a bottlR with water; you know after a bollle is full, it won't bubble; well, I kept bobbing his head under unlil he wouldn't bubble, so I concluded he was full of waters and then let him go; he went down to the buttom, and I neVei-seed him any more.
' All was now quiet, for both Ingens had sunk, and I was master of tbe log; but Ihad yet another struggle to make, fori hoard the Ingons on shofe push off their boat, and seen tho waters splash as ihiiy diirted to¬ ward mo. Tt wns loo late to load, and then I could kill but one ; that v.-onldn't do—no the only hopo was to hide.; so I look out a siring, and placing niy rifle in the water, lashed it lo the log. I then throw away my haf, and crawling as far as I could to¬ ward tho small eend, eased myself gently down into the water, leaving nothing out but my head, and holding on with both hands by a small limb—anolher minute, and the canoe grated as it run upon the .log. The Ingens looked about and spoke t-j each olher, bul could see nothing; they then called their companions by name, bnl there was no answer. They were now ve¬ ry distressed, and all got out upon the lug, and began to walk about and examine it. When they came lo the eend where I was, I sunk altogether, and il being the small end ofthe log, il began to sink, and the In¬ gens soon went back. I then throw my head back, and put my moulh out that I might breathe, just as a crippled duck sometimes docs its bill. I made no noise, it was dark, lliey could not sse me, and all went well. I heard them say 'they must ¦have killed him,'and then that 'they are all gone,' they seemed very much distres.s- e.., wondered much at til'e whole affair, and none could explain it. After about fif- tedu minutes,'Ihey again stepped into their boat and pushed off". I Wailed until Icould hear nothing bf them, then crawled up up¬ on the log, and as I did nnl wish lo run any farther risk, 1 sat there lill daybreak.
' The sun was just about lo rise, when the log which I was on washed up against the bank not far from whore the Ohio emp¬ ties into lhe Mississippi. ,. I caught hold of some bushes, and pulling the log up along¬ side the bank, unloosed my rifle, and got ¦out. I had heon in the water so long that I was mighly weak, and I was shrivelled up, but as I began to stirabout I felt better and setting off I went back up the river to where I started upon tho log. The first thing I seed upon getling back, was old Jupe sitting ou the bank wailing for me, at the veryspot where the loghadslippod off. The thing wanted to lick me all over, she was so glad lo see mo. I was then right tiled, so I started off home, and in aboul a week or two, Jupe and 1 arrived there safe and sound, and there is the end of my story.'
' Well, Earth,' said one ofthe company, 'you are all sorts of a looking critter.' .
'.Yes,' said Earth, 'I know.that, I am ring striped, speckled and .streaked, but I ain't thinking about that, I'm thinking about the votes. .Now, genllemen, 'continued Earth, 'don'tyou think they ought to make me -sheriff! "I say, if -Bob'Black has float¬ ed farther on a log, killed more Ingens, or staid longer under wnterthan I have, elect hirn; ifnot, I s.iy, whal has he done lo qualifv him for the- oflico nf sheriff 1 I have killed more bears than Bob could eat if they were 'coons, and I havo fou't some harder (iiihts than Bob ever saw; now I say agin, tell me what has he done that ho ought to made'sheriff 1 Did any of you ever know him to' call fora quarti I nev¬ er did ; Ihave known him to call for sev- Hi'.il half pints in the course of a dav, hut I never did kiiowhim to step forward man¬ fully, and say, ' give us a quart ofyour b';st.' Thon I say again, what has Bub Black done to qualify him for sherilfl— Now, if you beat me, beat me with some¬ body, beat mc with a mau who knows
presently she would fetch a yelp, and cume streaking it to me, shaped as she ought to be, showing her t»eth,and looking as fresli as if she was a new made dog. And then wan't she vig'rousl Yes, who says she wan'tl You might have hunga cro.ss-cul saw to a swinging limb, and sho wuuld have chawed upon it the balance of the day—or have thrown her a bear's head, she wouldn't touch the meat but draw all the teeth out mereljr fur spite. But there was one thing I noticed about old Jupe— whenever the bears stretched her out into a'string, she always lost her appetite for the remainder of the day. Well, old Jupe and I were down there, and we had been doing pretty much what I have boen telling you, when one days the bears spun her out rather longer than usual, and she got cut so badly, tliat we had to rest during the whole ofthe evening. I was sorry for old Jupe, bul didn't care much aboul having to slop inyself, for I was right lired and want¬ ed rest, having seen hard times that week.
The sun, T suppose, was about an hour high, and I was setting down under a big tree, nursing old Jupe, and trying lo see if I could'nt set her upon her legs agin, when she raised up her nose, and snufled the nir —then looked in my face and whined. As sho did this, I <aw the hair upon her back begin to rise. I knew that there was dan¬ ger in the wind, and from what old Jupe had-told me, I thought the red skins were abroad. The logins were not so rife then as Ihey had been ; il was the fall before 'Squire Rolfe came out from the old State; but people had to keep a sharp look ont, for they would comedown upon thesettlG- ments once in a while, and Ihey were mighty apt to carry off somebody's hair wilh thom.
'Well, as soon as old Jupe spoke to me, —I looked aboutand seed five coming right along in the direction in which I was.— They were well loaded, and I knowed .it onco that they had been down upon lhe settlements, and were now making their way to the river, that they might cros.s over and get clear. Allhough I saw them, 1 knew they hadn't seen me; so I gathered up my thi'ngs to start off, withoui thinking that old Jupe was so badly cut she couldn't follow. When I was ready, I looked at old Jupe—she tried to get up, but couldn't —my eyes fell walery, for I hated to leave her, and 1 hadn't a minute to spare. But old Jupe was a sensible dog ; yes,as I said before, she was a nice thing, for, without speaking a word, she poked hernose un¬ der the leaves, as much as to say, cover me over, and leave me. I did so, and getting a tree between me and the Ingins. I streaked it. You ought to have seen me run, to know how fasta man ought to move when tho logins are afler him. Well, arler streaking it awhile, I thought it wonld never do to go off Ihat way, and know nothingabout 'em, so I began to haul in my horns, and back little. 1 got behind a tree, and kept a sharp look out: presently I seed them all coming straight toward mo; so I buckled off agin, and went for some distance, like a bear through a cane brake, and then stopped, and took a stand. I { hadn't been there long before I sood ihcni coming agin. The reason why I saw them so often was, thatl kept before'them, know¬ ing that thoy. were making straight for the river.- I watched thera narrowly, looked at 'em with both eyes wide open, and saw Ihey didn't seem to have any notion of mo but were putting it down fast and heavy that they might get across. It was now getting dark, and I knew that under cover of the night, as they did nol suspect any j body was near 'em, I could keep clos'e enough to watch them withnut their know¬ ing il, and this I determined to do, thinking that by possibility sumclhing miglit happen | to pay me for my trouble. You all know I never spared an Ingen ; no, there don't breathe one who can say 1 ever showed him any favor. Woll, I kept on before 'em until I got down upon the river bank. It was then quite dark, and growing more so every minute ; for a fog was rising from the surface of the water. I looked about to see if they had a boat there, thinking if they had one, I would take it, and lot them gitacro-ssas they oould. I was searching lunger than I Ihought fur, and didn't know how the lime passed, for suddenly I heard them comingdowH to the river, a't thevery point where I wa.s. I was now skeered, and looked-aboul to see if I could get out ofthe way; but there was no place to hide, and it Was too late to escape, either up or down the bank. I'm a gone case, thought I—used up al last,- but justatthat moment, I saw a large log or trca, which hadbeen lodged bv some high freshet; fur one end of it still rested on the bank, while the other extended out iuto the stream. Said I to myself, I'll get upon this, for it is so dark that they can't see me, and I can tliun keep a bright look out upon their move¬ ments ; so I stepped on it, and crawled along to the far end. I found that the log was floating, and gelling asnoaf the small end as 1. could, I straddled it, pulling my legs in the water to steady mo, and laid my rifle across my lap. 'Oh! that it would float off," said I, but it wouldn't.
'Well, down to the wafer Ihey all came, and stood in about fifieen or iwenty feet of me. ' It is allover with me now,' thought I; ' if discovered, I am used up. as fine as salt; if I ain't,, there is no bad taste in a rough 'simmon.' AVell, there they stood in a good humor, laughing and talking, about. I hardly know what, for I couldn't catch mauy oflheir words. At lasl I heard one of 'em say, in Shawnee, 'Where is the
something which ought to qualify him fur sheriif, nml notwith Bub Black. Bub can't tidl you this minute when a bear begins to s ick his paws. !' Then apparently Uisgus- i twd with the character and acquirements ] of his cumpelitor, Earth turned away to seek other company. As he did su,oiieor the group who had laken mure than hi.s portion ofa quart, staggered forward, and cried nnt,'Hurrah for E'jrlhquake, I loll you what, he's a squealer.'
canoo 1   It must ba close by.    Step upon thu log and find it.'
'Hold my gun,' answered oneof 'em, and passing it tn one of his friends, he stepped upon the log and begun to walk right to where Iwas. .Now didn't I squat low and feel mean! But hush; he hadn't got far befpre another must jump on, to help him find tbo boat. This last one had only walked a few slops, when the log slipped, and splash il came right in tho river with tbe two Ingens. They both held on, though they got alittle wet, andthe first thing I knowed the lug was going out into the stream with all three of us on it. It was slanting at first, and slipping, got pushed off. Those on shore set np a Inud laugh, and they wouldn't hear anylliing until il was loo lale lo give any help. But for those on the log, it was no joke; fur they were already uul in the stream, and going down it wilh a smart current. They now hallooed manfully for help, and those on shore, seeing how il was, lold them lu hold on, and that they would find the boat and take them off. Well, I have often told you I had seen hard limes, now warn'l here a preilicament 1 Ona log wilh two Ingens, and floating along al night down the Ohio. Well, sure enough, there I w.xs and what did I think of! why, of every¬ thing in this world ; it really mado me feel right knolly, and what to do, I didn't know, i We had now floated two or three hundred yards, and I was sitling as I told you before slrattled on the small end. and jest as silent as a deer lislenins fbr the dogs, thinking how the afl'airs would terminate, wlipn one oftho Ingens who was still standing upon the log, stepped off upun one ofthe limbs, to make room for his companion. His stepping caused the log to creen me in tlic water, and forgetting where I was, and what I was about, t cried, '.stop tstup! you'll turn me over.' ' Zounds !' said I to mysolf, 'itis all over now—clean gone this time.' How the Ingens looked, Idon't know.for it was so dark I couldn't see their [faces; but they miist have been worse skeer-
JOHN M. BOTTS
In the first placr, I p'''''''-''' 'Jn-i Union ns it is, and as it lias lieon hiinJcd down to u.t, arid as v\e arb fxiieoled lo hand it down •' os a rich Il-.^hcJ un¬ to our issue," to any other or all others Ihat can be fjinied ; and il is enough for mc lo know that, if the 'I'exos sehonie did not have its origin with, il has found in its iiogntialors ainl chief advocates on¬ ly the interested lund nnd scrip holders and politi¬ cal Ipidesinen. who have avo-.-ed, and daily ilo avow, their anxious desire for tho dissolulion of our glo¬ rious Union, and to helieve at llie Bdme time, as 1 do, that a dissolution would jirove the firat fruit ot anncxalion.
I'an any olwcrving or redeclini: niiln tmvr ri-ad the curresponderlcc of die ncgolialor of lhe trealy, Mr. John Calaline Calhoun—as he was once char¬ acterized by the Globe and Encjuircr lor his sup¬ posed dark designs upon tlic I;nion, a.sus|>tclon from wiiich he hm. n,.t to this verv day relieved him. .self, and which his Stale of Snulh Carolina openly boasts—wilhout being inevitably led to tbis con. elusion. .    ¦:.       .
Look to his correspondence diiririg the last spring with Mr. Packeiiharhj the British Minister, iho rcprcEBntaiive of a govcrnincnt known to tie hosiile to black slavery, in all ils aspecis. (t use the term black slavery, liecause I think ihere is Ices freedom, comfort, and happiness among tlieir white laborers or operatives than among our nlaves, for whom Ihcy manifest so much sympalhy,^ in which he opens, "and IhiTcby invilM il correspondence on that dchcaU- subject; which he has been clamor- ou.H in claiming to be purely a domesiic <iuc5liiin. wilh which wo could allow no intbfl'eretice. He not only opens a rorresponpeiico wilh Wr. Packen¬ ham, which, to his credit be it soid, he hail tbe good sense and wisdom to decline, Hit in it he based lhe whole object of the treaty, upon the ground of lhe extension and perpetuation nf slavery ; and. wh.ile in one breath he declared Ihat Texas wos a sover¬ eign and independent Power, oVer vi-hich Mexico had no claim, and could exert no authority, cither de fai-.tn or de jure, he in the ne.%t. even on ihc day after the negotiation of the treaty, despatched a special envoy to .tloxico to purchase her claims on Texas, and at ihe same inslanl of lime lhe Execu- tive threatened Jlexico with vcngeancn and war if she would dare to allemiit, during Ihe pendency of Ihe treaty, the recovery ol her acknowledged claim to a "revolted pmvince," (or the relinquishment of which a representative or agent of tho Uniicd .Slates was sent, as I have just .-iaiJ, to oirer millions of gold, while the western division of lhe army of the Uniled States was actually marched lo the con¬ fines of Texas, and confidentially mado subject lo lhe Texan Clnvernment, and a porlinn of.the Uni¬ ted Slates Navy was sent to cruise in the Gulf of Mexico wilh orders to show ihemselves occasional¬ ly before Vera Cruz.
VVhat was this but a covert declaration of war, made by the Executive branch of the (Jovernment, on a wenic and resistless I'ower, and Ihai, loo, in the presence of and during the session of Congress, which a majorily of that body iVinked ot 1 W hat was it hut such a war ns the Texos Schemers knew the .Northern Slates would not embark in—an un¬ just, unriijhtcous, unpnivnked, and ungodly war wilh .Mexico, to rob her of her revolted province, and, as Jlr. Ualholin says, fur tho extension and perpetualiun of slavery !
Now, whatever may be my fceiinga on the suli¬ ject of .sl-avcry, I make bold as a SouUiern man lo declare, that in my judgment Iheso are very ihsijfi- eicnt causes lor a nalional rolibery, or for war vi'illi a friendly I'owcr, making no elfort and enieruining no design to interfere wilh that or any other of otir concerns.
It wasa South darohna movement, first, to cre¬ ate dis..ienaion, heart-burnings, and division bein een the iXorth and the South; ond; if war should be Ihe result, then lo drive, the Nniili nom its fiupporl and, in tbe nccoiilpll.sliinenl of ihelr heart's most (fai^nest desire—une that is daily avowed by their most prominent pnblic men. to wit, the dissolution ofthe Union—Ibrcw , lhe odium and .responsibility loom Iheir dv/n slioiiiders upnn tho Norlh, for re- lusing to participate in a war fiir any such purpose. There are thousands ami miilipns al Ihe.Noilh who believe this inslilulion guara'nlieit hy ilie t'onsll- tutioii to lhe Souih, and will adher lo the Siiillh rili this question; but there are none, 1 believe, who desire it-s extension and perpetuation; they ralher deplore its existence; but the North might as soon expect lhe .South lo hack her in a war for ils exter- minntion, as for the South to ask iho North to go to wai: to extend dnd perpetuate it • and this ho diah know belter Ihiin tiic Secrclr.iy of Stale, the iicgoli- atoi of the treaty.
l.ooU, too, to lhe bold, open, and Ircasonable pro¬ ceedings ol^ the fricnds..anj. Jollowers of the ncgoli¬ alor ill Suuth Carolina, during Iho lasl summer and fall, and yoii find n,»ihing but Disunion, Disunion ! —Texas..Texas!—Disunion wilhout Texas, and Tc-casomrDisunion!
To ascerlain iheir views fully, it were as well lo look to the declarations of onc ol Mr. Calhoun's friends from SoUlh Carolina made about Ihe lime oftho Texas Ireaiy in the Hnuse of Ropresentalivr.s. I mean Mr. RheU, declared he would scorn him>elf if ho were capable of singing hosannas lo this Union; while anolher of his faithful followers, even to the abandonment ofall his former cherished principles. (I mean .Mr. Dulle,) entered into a calculation in Ihe ricnate Chamber upon the value ofthe Union, and undertook loshow the advantages of three seperate Confederacies fiirmej out of Ihu United Slates, declaring upon his soul thnt for a quarler ofa century, he had not known this Govern¬ ment bul for ils most iniquitous oppressions, and, when charged hy Mr. Denton to his face with trea¬ sonable designs in the Texas movement, blanched .and quailed, nnd could not utter a word in his de¬ fence ; even ihis .Mr. .McDuffe, who, in his message to the Snuth Carolina Legislature in 1836, when speaking o( the .applicalion of 'J'exas for admission inlo the FJiiinn, said : " In my opinion. Congress ought not even lo entertain sueh a proposition in the present slate of the cimtrovcrsy. If wo admit Te.x.is inlo our Uniou whilo Mexico is still waging war againsi the province, with a view to re-eslab- lish her sur.rojn,-icy over it, we shall by the very'act itsolf, make ourselves a parly lo lhe war; nor' can we take this step without incurring this heavy re- spon,sibility until Mexico herself shall recognise the imlependeecc of her revolted procince." And now, disunion Iieing al the bottom, this gentleman is the first to slop forth, in the nbsenre of that re¬ cognition on the part of Mexico, and, while niu- Execuliveis comjilainiiignnd inhuman war carried on by Ihat Power against Texas, which he thinks wo ought to put a slop tl, he steps forward and |iro- pnses to lake il, nolens volins, hy llio simple adop¬ tion ofa joint resoliitibn, as ifil were a matter of no more moment than the payment of a'messenger's wages. It serves well to 'show lhe degeneracy of tho times and of our people. A few years back, and such a proposiiion would have aroused the In¬ dignation of nil men of all parlies, and hc who wonld have presented it would have been regarded as little short of a madman, and tho party that would have enterlained it would havc been over¬ whelmed with popular resentmenl. Well might .Mr Gallalin havc expressed his surprise that such a mode of acquiring Texas could havc cniercd into the imagination of man.
But again, at a more recent period, yoo find thia ¦alile ond most skilful and accoinplisho'l negotiator and diplomatist, who has done nolhing but blunder and slumble nn, like a blind horse over ploughed ground, ever sinco he haa liecn in tb.e Depaftmeut— who.=:e sensibililies have been so much shocked nt the hare presentation ot abolition petitions from mi'mhersol this Confederacy aslo propose at one limc to the whole Southern delegation in Congress to retire, from the halls of Congress, nnd thus by violence dismember the Government—you find him throwing wide tho whole queslion of "domesiic sin- very, and nol only authorizing but inviting Ihe in¬ terference and ciHopcratiun of the Prench Govern- men!, in llle treaty or other new fangled mode nl annexnlion, fir Ihe purpose ol jierjietuating bles sings and advantages of slavery. Now, if il lie conceded by our iJovernment that trance may riglill'nlly interfere, I pray to know upon what prin¬ ciple of civil or international law the same right can be denied lo Great Grit.iin, whose pr*'tended designs upon this queslion were made llie fir-.t pretext for immediate, insl anion mus aiinexotion. rr slavery to be abolished and soulhern interests desiroycd 1— .'^nd why is this interference on ilio part of France wilh our fireside domesiic rights, courted and en¬ treated, but diat it may lead lo an inlerferciice nn the rartoE Great Brhain for ils destruclion; and which may lead, by Iheir natural sympathies and
afTiiiities, lo a co-operation lictweeil the abnliiiiinisis of tho North and that Go>e.iimeiit. thi.1 would tend tounile moro closely the .sympathies oild intcrejls of Ihc South.lead lo a ilivisinn ofllie Empiicand annex- atio:: wilh Texas 1 This I believe to be the design, and this. I fear, will be lhe result, if tbis 'I'exos humbug is nol speeillly and decisively sctdcd by Ihe g'lod sense of nur countrymen, tfpon nu oilier view of tlie subject can the weakness and puerility —1 should say madness—of bis diplomatic curres- poiidencc be accounleil I'or.
Bul, opart from all this, apart from Mcsican rights the nalional honor, the integrity of llio Unioii, what are the advnntagts that wc are In de¬ rive from the annexation of Texasl We already see lliat our ntgotlnior and his conicucrates have placed us in a position towards Mesico tliat. We cannot escape a war, without dishonor to tho Exec¬ utive hram-h uf the Governor, and. we cannot get hilo one withnut disgrace lo the nalion. Cul, let that torinlnaic as it may, What, I aik, are the advan¬ tages to de derived from such annexnlion, even with the assent of Mexico 1 Is not our teirilory already fufneiently capacious to conlain our paimlalion 1 .\i'e our millions of Unsold public lands, vVhich must sooner or later enure to the benefit of the Stales, to whom il belongs, lo be surrendered nr rendered valueless in older lo saiisfy the demands of speculators in Texas lands ot Te.vas scrip, or lo fovor the views of polilical tradesmen 7 Are we to depreciate the land of the old Stales (in Virginia for CTomple) and depopiilnte our Siole t.) people 'J'ex- as ? Are we to despoil it of the most aeh'ie. Indus¬ trious, and useful portiun of its population, by hold¬ ing out an invitation and inducement lo the energet¬ ic and enteriirisiog young inch of the State to seek adventures and foriuires in a now country? Are we to jilundor our treasury to pay.the debu of Tex¬ as—at a tinie, lOo, Oihea tlio credit of oUr States is dishonored 7 Are nc so harmonious in our coun¬ cils now aS tn make occasion for new diflieultici. and nevif strife 1 U onr legislaiion so satisfactory to all.parts of the tliiioii tiiat wd should .lesire lo exiend its infiuence, diversify slill mom the intrresl.-i to be cared for, nnd introdure an additional number of disart'ectrd dlsorgnni/.er.? ond repudiationists?— Aro we to open Ihe door still wider to fraud and c.irrupiion, n..t hv tho introduction of individual foreigners, bul of a foreigii natioti I 'tt'hcn it has become an iiitereslinsr and prominent question wheiher we shall restrict or prohibit entirely all fu¬ ture nnlurniiMljon, is it expedient lo naturalize two hundred thousand al a batch-scven-lnnlhs "f whorn, no doubt, have the tame levelling and de¬ structive propensities cominon lo too many of our own people 1 Have we iiol, lis i iioiion, deteriora¬ ted in moralily sufi'iciently in the last sixteeh yeilrs, wilhout the introduction of Texas adventurers among usi
To tlieso obleotinns. whioh I have briefly staled without the lime to elaborate them, whnl aie aro we to gain even/Or the money wo ivould haVC to pnyl —for wc must eilher embark in a wholesale sys. tem of swindling nnd repudiation, or wc must pay the whole nmniint of unascertained and untold milhons of bcr public debl.
We have been told that Texas forms a natural bonndary lo the United Stales. If this were Iri.e, is il a snrtic.ent ctinsidcrution for the evils we would entitle ? Bul would not Calirornia and Mexico, if nol Guatemala and Panama, ncxi be wanting to lomplele the boundary 1 Wo have been told, loo. ihat il was necessary for our defence in lime of war. I answer, wc have had two wars with the most foi-mldoble of the J^Umpean Powers, and Aid not need it in eilher case ; and vve are 10.000,001) stronacr now than llien. We arc also 1 old that it will increase the price of onrslaTes.. If this were true, is it on argument wnriiiy of bding addressed to inielligeni and cnliKhtcned freeman? Is ihcic any ibhig in liie argument to operate on niatcsmch iil tlic Beillemcni of a question of such transcendent importance t Bul 1 deny the irtiih of the position. How would it enchance the val ue ofihe negroes ? Tlie value of lobor docs nol de¬ pend upon lhe quanlity of production, but tbo val Uo ol the protldcllon. For example, if 2,000,000. ofbolesor colton will supply the demand of the world, and yon produce 3.000,000. will tliere rot be a surplus ol 1,000,000? and, so far fiora that surplus inri^ca...ing lhe aggregalo value of the wliole, does ii Hul|reii!lr diiiiitiish it hy reason of lhe supply being .greatly beyond lliii uclnufid?— And is nill the supply .already equal to die demand, if not far beyond il? At this moment diere aro 800,00(1 bales of coilbh iri thh Markets on hand, and, wliile 2,000,000 ol hales is the amodnt csii¬ malcd to mcci all lhe demand, the present crop i.« estimated at -1370.000, which with the 800.008 on hand.maites n sUrpliis of hupply erjual lo 1,:)70,000. and coiti.n worlh in tho New Orleans markel only about 4 cenis.
But they say thq consurhplion will be increas¬ ed, i answer, vin Have dio nicaris niready, as thn above statistics will show—the labor and soil— to increase lhe supply according lo the increase ol the conaintiplion. wilhout Texas. Is il desif-ihh- thcn; to enricll Tolas at the expense of our o-n oouniry, by-jnirodooliig list &<> a'nval lo our al¬ ready over-Kead-and-cars in debt coitoii-ijtotvinf Slates ? Again .- wo arc lold that ihc annexation of Te.itas is necessary Cir Ihe protection of. onr slave properly. In the first place, 1 answer, that, in rny opinion, our slave properly ia in no d.anger, and'never litis been, unless it fcan bo taken from ua by a liarmles.s petition for the abolition of sla very in tha District of Columbia. Further llian Ma( ihcy (the abolitionists) have never yet gone, except in the way nl kidnapping nnd offorJing facilities lu runaway .slaves. But llicse arf individual IransgrcsAions, such as cannot be entirely preyeiitod, any more than any oihcr' form of crime or offence. It is not oi'ili snnclioned by the law, but by the law il is pun ishaWe. Southern men, nnd Simllicrn mcmiiers nf Congress, havc done moro lo endanger the in stitiition of shivery, ami by desitrn, ion, lo 'effect polilical objects, than all the nn'iiided machina. lions of Ihe ubdiidon'uts could luvo accomplis'ned in a century.
But is not the proteclion of onr slavo property moic secure, being protected and encouraged an.; guaranteed by constituiional provisions in two separate independent neighboring lte{}uh]ics, than il could be if the two wero thrown into one ?— The uimost that the Abolition party in this coun¬ try has been charged with, is a desire to drive slavery frora the limits of the United Stales: Ihey desire to he whal theij lorm ciuzens of a country casenlially free in every sense; and il Texas is broughi inlo the Union, and their power is .increasing, and is likely ultimately toovotthrow lhe institution o( slavery in the Souhcrn Stales, will it nol be as much their object lo abolish it in whal is now called Texas, but would then bo a part of.the United Stales?
I would say, dion, if vve needed proteclion ty this inierest, which I have never believed—(for, bapjiily, there is no olhcr Stale in ihe. Union like thai ol South Carolina, whose unwise and impe. luous' legislation is better calculated to destroy than to npTiold the institiiiion, particulai-ly when she drives frbm her borders arid prcpaioa for lhe punishment ofa pcaceiblo citizen who is sent by a siBler'Statc, not ns an -emissary" lo violate her laws, hut as an ngent to test their unconstitution. ality liy jodicial proceedings) if, I say; we need this prolootinn, Ictus ralher seek to foster and encourage our neighboring Republic of .Texas lo maintain her independence, and to.he ready at all limca lo unile witb us in its defence, if unhappily wo should ever be forced lo a separation from the North on Ihat account; for then her interest would drive her loan alliance'with us, forlhe proteclion ofthe same property within her limils.
Anoilier argument that has been urged with niorc, apparent earnestiiess'is, that we rii'ust take To.xas or else Great Britain would. This has heen particularly dwelt upon in let'crs sa-id to have been wrillen bv Gen. Jackson; ami to Ibis I answer, in thefirst plnce. that Gieat Brilain has no such de. Mgn. if credit is lobe attached lothe mo.sl solemn disavowals lliat can bo made by a Government ihal has respect for ils Ilonor, allhough il may be npaciuus of-powcr.,, Such a .purpose ,hna been disriaimod by the Miipslry o( IJnglund on the flpor of Parliament, and reporUid hore"by auihority. by her Minister in W^ashiaglOri. In'the scciind pliice I answer thai, if disclaimer had not been made, Ibcro has hecn no reason, even ofihe slighlesl char¬ acter, lo suspect her of such ri'purpo.se. It rests orily' n'poriihe'rmile iinnginalion'of thedcsigning arid i.ntercsled. "Tl.irdiy; I answer that it bears improbabilily on-itsfiice; Ibr England could only de»ire looolonizeTeias'for Ilie benefits resulling I'rom iheprodnnion -..f collon; nnd shs knows" as wn know, ilial tho climale of that partof Tex. 08 udapled lo the growtli of collon cannot lie en¬ dured hy white l.iborers, and thnt slave labor alone c.-ould be m.ido profilable in the cuUivalion of the o.llou criMi. anil slave L.bur is what »li« does not loloraic. Fourthly, irGio.i.t.Dritain de.^iied.togct po'scsii.m of T<xa.«, there is no renson't-i appre¬ hend Iballhe people of Teras'wnuWbn'ol till'di-. prised I > form such on nlliiinco. But lastly, if Hrni.tCritain wore in actual nicupition of Texas, I do not bidicve il wouid bc of I'.e leist advantage lo her in lime ot war, or of injury to ua. I,el lis appr .priale £-'5.000,000 to the estiibfHhinent of a naval depot an! fort'al Pensacola, and we hold ihc loclr and key lo the Gulfof Mexico, and, with the J.icihmstablo suiplii» of limber on the Misaissip.
pi, in.il wilh the Hirdy sons of the great valley of the tVeSt, id'say ntil'liing of the improvementa and la e di.-coverics in regird lo Harbor "de'"oncea, wc might at .ill limts t'urn such a lort't! Hf arnled steamships into lhe Gulfas would render il quite aa imprai licable for a Britisb flecl to rench Galve.a- lon, or communicale with Texas, as it woul.l be lo sail In the Rocky luountnins. I wouhl, for these reasons, Ihcreloto, rather see EiiL'land in po?..iC3 sion of Texas than of another poin-, wbich I fear woidd be Iho consequence of Iho ocenpaiion of Texa? by the United Slales-..;nd ihat is of Cuba. A plausible pretext would be afforded her lo nc. complish Ihlschd, ifwe grasp at Texas; nnd that would prove iofinilcly more advantojeous tober, and diensterous lo us, thon her occupation uf Tc«- ateven.
I thmK. tiptj.-i the wholci that ihc last argument I have heard or seen on llils siibject Was periiaps the heat; it was that of onc old Major tjaVeiac, a French soldier under General Jocksoii at the bat¬ tle of New Orleans, who. from what follows, knows, I presume, about as muih of free government as a turkey-cock slrnlllng in a ham-yard, biit was sent through Ihe counity last fall, and was boiled by tho chief of the Dom,ocratic - papers, particularly the Richmond Etiuuirer, as a great ond elBcient Democratic orator. He told us that ho had learn¬ ed one profound maxim from bis great patron; Gen. Jackson, and lhnt Wos, that wo must obey lhe geo- grnphy of the country rather Ihah iho Constitution ofthe country : for the geography of lhe cOlihtfJ Was made by God. and the Constituiion ofthe country wns made hy man : and that wc wanted Texas'for tho Use of'the hu.ialocs ofthe West aa a winter pasture; which sentiment or speech waa published and praised by the conductors ofthe En¬ quirer, T say that this,'though last, is not tho least of the arguniciita in its favor, if it is nol lhe best j for thebuirdoes certainly have more use for it thau we have. Ian salislied ihey would derive far mere benefit f-om Ihe measure (han we lhe people, tf joli warn Repudialion, Dorrism, Mobocrary, Ja¬ cobinism—Ili Orie -rrord, ifyou want Locofocoism, in ila wildest, most cxiravagalif, end dtstructive form, lo flourish diroughout the land, in all ils l[- gor, take Texas; if not, he satisfied to Ict well enough alone, nnd lelTcxns olone.
But 'ime and circumslances might overeemoall the objections I have urged thus far : yet Ihcre is nnolhcr. thai I have reserved fo the last, which, as at preseni advised, I eon never yield.
I do not profess to belong to that school of strict constructionists who can find constitutional war¬ rant for whatever enormity Ihey mny de.'iiie to com- Ihit, and deny all powers not comformaulc to their peculiat interesis Of wishes, allhough they may iiave heen exercised flOm the foundation of the Governtnent, even by the fatliefe ofthe Republic, and the framers of that sacred inslrumeht. Nor am I onc of those who have set aside thul funda¬ mental low of the Union, prescribing the powers ofthe several deparlments of Government, os an idle and useful parchment. I claim to give ita fair, hberal and Intelligent construelion, umlcr which Government may be wi.-.cly, judiciously und virtuously administered. Nor am I what ia meant, in ils modern sense, a Slate-rigblsnian, denying all powers lo the General Government. On lhe contrary, I hold myselfas much bound to see that tho federal Government is deprived ofthe exer¬ cise of none of ita delegated powers, ns I am (o sec that it exercises none that is not, by a fair inter- pretation, extended to il; and I therefore deny the ConslUulional power of Cnncress, or any branch of it, or any department ofthe Gnvernment, eilher by treaty, bill of joint resolution, to a,iiiex ihis Govern- men'l 10 Texas, nr Te.tas to it; and should, if in Congress, feel myScIf bound to resist it in any form in which il can be presented.
I.clus einroine this question with tho delibera¬ tion iVhich' its imporlance demonds.
What is annexalioii il is no more or less than tounile and incorporate two sepCrnle distinct sov¬ ereign Powers or Governmenls into one! It is nol lhe mere qnestion cfthe inquisition or territory, but, Ict mc rcfpedt.ri pr^osition lo incorporate the two Governments of TeStt-i'dfidth* Uniled Slatea into one. When was-thia quesllori Wor before presented to our consideration, except in the Cdsd of Texas herself in 1836-7, when it found no advo¬ cated, ahtl (lis projiosifion could nol he said to have hecn enleriniufd wilh dcciint respeci! Perhaps one reason was,thal Ihcre wcrft nol na many land and scrip holders in the United Siales as now: or the same wise head thdl now holds the destinies of lhe nation, as ofmcn. in the hollow ol his hand, was more suilably occupied liefore some justice's court; or it may be thot tiro great negotiator himself look¬ ed then ralher to his pwn elevation lo power than lotheovcrlhrow of arival whu lowered abuvc his head. Bul, eiccpt in that cisc, thtls treated, when lhe pafisions of porly wero not excited for Presidcnl-makirig, no 'nsl.ince bos occurred since lhe fiiundalion ofour G-ivdrHineul. In regard to the mem ocquisilion of lerriiory, I gidHl yon that the practice of the government has sanclioned the power; d!l!io'ir,^h, whcti it was first exercised in 1803 hy Mr. .ielferscH,'in Ifie purchase of J.ousi- ano—a case of such eslrenii! iidclitts'ity as would havcjusiificd a stretch of the ConslilUlioh (9 hs utmost limiUs—//e (Mr. Jcffer.son himself the ncgo¬ lialor; Ae whose name is on tho lips ns every mouthing demagogue ns nulhority higher than the (J,msliiiiiion ilsclf, v«hen it suits their purpose or convenience: he fur whose opinion's lo the worhl in regard to his power. .4 ml why Jo not lhe Dernoc¬ racy, who chant his name hy day and liy niglit, invoke his shade tn protect us from impending ¦langerl What did Mr. .lelfe.'Son saj; in regard to his negotiation for Loui-siana! In his letter lo Mr. Breckenr.dge, daled Angusl 12, 1803, to be found in vol 3, page 512, ho says :
"This treaty iiiU.-t, of course, be laid hefore bolh Houses, because bolh have Imporinnt functions to exercise rospecUng it. They, I presume, will see llieir duly to thoir couniry iu ratifying and pay¬ ing fir it, so lis to secure a good wiiich would oth¬ erwise probably be never agairi in their power."
"Cut I suppose Ihity must Ihcn appeil to the. netioirfor an additional nrtiele ol the Constituiion approving and confirming an act which the na¬ lion had not previously aulhori-ied. Tho Consti¬ tution hna m.ido no (jrovision for our holding for¬ eign territory, slill Icsn for incorporating foreign nations wilh otir Union! The Executive, in seizing the fugalive occurrence which so mueh ad¬ vances lhe good of the couniry,/lus done <in act beyond lhe Conslilution. 'J'he Legislature, in casting behind them metaphysical subtleties, and risking themselves, like fiiithful servants, muat ratify and pay for it, and then throw themselves on their country for doing for them, unauthorized, what we know they would bave done for themsel¬ ves had they been in a situation lo do it,
'It is the case of a guardian investigating tho money ofhis ward in purch-asing an important ad¬ jacent territory, and saying to him, when of age, '•I did this for your good; I pretend to no right to hind you; you may disown mc, and I must get out ofllie scrape as I cin."
ToLeviLiucolo,30di.August, 1803, vol. 4, p. I. oflcrsuggesting certain amendments to the Con¬ stitution relaUve lu the admission of Louisiana, (subsequently to lhe treaty,) ho adds:
"I quote this fur your consideration, obsorving ihat Iho loss that is said about any consiitutionai diiricnltv the belter, and that it will be desirable for Congress to what is necessary in silence."
To Wilson Gary Nicholas, September 17,1803, vol 4-. page 2, he says:
"Whatever Congress sholl think it necessry to do, shall be done with as lilile delay as poasible, and particularly so far as respects the constitution¬ al difficulty. I am aware of lhe forco of lhe ob¬ servations on tho power given by the Conslilution lo Congress lo admit new Slntes into the Union, without ru.-lraiiiing the aubject to the territory Ihcn constituling the United Slates. But when I consider ihal the limits of Ihe United Statea are precisely fixed by the treaty of 1783, ihat the Con- stiiuli.in expressly declares it to hc made for the U- nited slotci. 1 connot help believing Ihol the In¬ tention was .VoT to pcrriiit Congress lo admil into the Uninn new Stales which should be formed out oftho territory for whieh, and under "'hose auihor¬ iiy alone; they were then enacling. I do not he¬ lieve that is meant that ihey might receive Eng¬ land, Ireland, Holland, &i-., into it, which would lie Ihc case in your construction. When nn inslro- ment oil mils of iwo conslruetinns, the one safe, the olhcr dangerous—lhe one precise, and the olhcr definilo—I prefer Ihal whirh is safe and prrcitc I hail ralhrr ask nn enlnrgemnnt of power from the- nation when il is found nocessarv, than to as¬ sume it by a coii.struriion which would mako our powers houndiess. Onr peculiar security is in the possessianof a wriira Constitution. Let us not mnke il a blank paper by cons luriion,"
Has tho name nfJcff.-rson lost ils charm wilh his disciples? Is his opinion of no weight on a que.ilion of such magnitude wilh the Jeli'nrsonian ich. ol of Democraiy! Entertaining these views, where, let mc ask,- would Mr. Jeiferson Im' found upon ihis question, if he were alive; and if he wer.- now to spring into life, and were lo raise his voice
laxiBBBi-saaxeB   	
ajalttal the riicastitp ns onctmstltniionni, as he sure- ly would, whal snail-shell wotilil bs Ino sinall for lhe conductor olllie Richmond Enquiror.oi anv of his political fomilj', to crawl inlot "The Conili- hjtiUn." fays Mr. Jefferson, "has made no | roviiion for onr holSihg ftfrCign territory, slill Irss for in- cor/ioi-ating foreign nuliotil Wilh oilr Union."— If ihf re is no snch power, are the Demacfacy pre¬ pared to exercise it? The Whigs, I am sure are nol; nnd yet ia it not a little sirange that 9mong those who have ever beld Mr. Jeffiirson's opinions on all constilutional questions as of the higheft authoriiy Ihere has not been one yet 'willing to quote or follow him on this most important ques¬ tion, except Mr. Von Buren, perhaps, and for that hd was renounced, denounced and deserted by lhe Jeffcrsonian Ccmocracyl
"Diit yesterdnv tlle ivnld of Ciesar mighl Ijnvo slond njaintl the world: now Het he Ihcre, And rioiloso pour tudnhiin reVefeiicG."
If thefe ts Hd power granted hy the Constitution for the acquisition of 'Teffilnry. Ss M'/, Jefferson aujiposcd, where can the power be found fof Incor¬ porating any other Governmenl with ours! Asl said bef.ire, Igrant the Government has settled Ibo question otherwise in rcgaid to the acquisition of territory merely, and that settled practice bu all i grown out of the precedent eatablished by tho Trea¬ ty for Louisiana, the power for which was denied at tho lime by the negociator himself. Here is presented another question, far IrantcenJing the olher in imporlance, and a precedent in tha case may noon ripen into practice, nnd, for one, 1 am for meeting the question al the firat hop, and never permitting it to obtain a foothold for a moment, aa lhe only srcurily wo have for the future. This Government, I trust, ia to endure fir ages to come ; and, looking inlo the vista oftime, I am now for guarding against future danger. Establish this precedent; sanction the authority of a powerful President and two-thirdsof a corrupt Senate, as it might be, lo unite this Government of ours, tho United Stales, with any olher Government; and let nil Europe become ognin convulsed with general war—lel ansther Napoleon arise, to pull down kingdoms and build up empires—to shako the world with Ihc force of his genius and his arms; and lel lhe peoplo, anil particularly our pubhc men, de¬ generated in the same rapid degree that they have done in the last sixteen years, sinca vice usurped the reward of virlucand unscrupulous partizan^lilp has been made the only test of merit, and how soon might we find our free nnd independent republic convened, ay. and consii'/u(iona//y converted, by a President and thirty-five Senators, into a mighty kingdom—our President made King, nnd our Sen¬ ators mnde Earls, Lords and Barons, for their baseness and their treachery.
I will not admit that my liberties and the liber¬ ties of my children are held by any such tenure.-:- I will not admit ihat any ihiriy-sii men that live or breathe, or that God will ever make, con thus lawfully, conslilulionally, barter away my Govern¬ ment and my Country, and the Government of twenty millions of freemen, to gratify their own avarice, rapacity, or ambition. But if they can conslilulionally incorporate this Government with Texas, why not wilh Russia, England, Prance, or Iho Cele-itial Empire? No thia is a coontry to itsolf, the land of hbcrly and the resting-place of freedom, so let us preserve it, untrammelled by and nnconnected wilh any other Government on earlh.
All treaties are by tha practice of the Govern¬ ment, kept secret; IhCy are unknown until they are ratified or rejected, except to tha negociators nnd lhe Executive branch oftho Goternment; and I do not know but that it "is a praetico more honored in the breach than the ob3ervance;"yet ea. il is. Now, in the lata Ashburton treaty, in settling a permanent and convenient boundary line betweeii two greot nations, a slip of land waa ac¬ quired here and a corner surrendered there, and no onc waa disposed lo raise a queslion of constitu¬ tional dilficully. But suppose, upon the ratifica¬ tion of Ihat treaty, it had been ascertained that il contained a provision incorporaiing this Govern¬ ment wilh that of Great Brilain, aud it was a qaes¬ lion Ib.sa to ho dotormined by tho numerical rtrenglh of the two parties which form of Oovern- inelil V/tir, lo prevail, their heredita'v Monarchy or onr Kepublii', should wc all haTo folded our arraa in tame and silent adqulcicence; and have matter¬ ed through our teeth that the FfCslJent aiid Sen¬ ale had confined themselves to their constilntiona! powers, and we had no right to complain! If they had Ihe power and we had given it to them, we would have no light lo resist It: and if they have lhe power in the caae ofTexas, they would have haditincnspor EngliinJ.
I should hke to know how long it will he, for great commercial advanlages, nr to arrest the ag¬ gressions ofEngland, or for pasture ground for our wild beasts, or some olher such good reason, be¬ fore we have a proposition to annex lhe Chinese Empire to the Uniled Slates? But perhaps I am precipitate- Who knows bat the Captain and his Secrelary, the two great negociators ofihe age, de. termined on fulure distinction, even on the princi¬ ple of he who burnt the Bphesian Temple, have, through their agent. Mr. Cashing, in his treaty v»ith his l.-clcstial Majesty, already secured us tbis inestimable blessing. We shall know, perhaps, when this Ircaly is di:<po.wd of—certain,y not be¬ fore.
II will not he contended, I presume, ihat tbis most novel and extraordinary power can be accom¬ plished withoul soma conslilulionol warrant. And I will bring Ihis Idler, already much too long, to a conclusion, by asking thnse who favor the measure to point nut lu the provision ofthe Conatitution on which they rely to justify the proceeding cither hy treaty, bill.orjoint resolution.
TJiP second .-"eciion ofthe second article of the Conslilution declaren. "hc (the Presid6nl)8hall have power, by and wilh the advico and consent of the Senale, to make treaties, proviiTod two-thirds of the Senate concur." All compacts and bargains be¬ tween foreign powers, ore treaties, and these are exclusively confided to the President and Senate.— Tlioy make treaties, hul they cannot admit new Slates inid the Union; their powers ore imperfect for any such purpo'ic. But Congress may ; the House of Rcproientalives are Rllowed to take a pan in lhe decision of the question, aBecling not only lhe general national interest,hut the interest of each individual Slate;and accordingly we find it provi¬ ded, in tho third seciion of the fourlh article ofthe Constitution, ihat "new States may be admiited by the Congress inlo Ihis Union;" hut there is no power in Cnngresss lo treat with foreign nations : therefore, this power ia also imperfect to accom¬ plish tho annexation of Texas. The President and Senate may form treaties but cannot admit new Slates. Congress may admit new States (out of their own lerriiory, as Mr. Jefferson said,) bul they cannot make treaties or compacts with other na. tions. Thus edcH power is imperfect and ii.sufE- cient in itsolf to acconipllsh this end, and I deny tbe light to incorporate the two Inld one, and jsale that perfect which wok intended lo he impaffecl, for any such surpose. But if it should happen to sug¬ gest itself to the sagacious minds in Congress, this difficully, perhaps, mighl he overcome by emending the Constituiion hy a joint resolution of tho two Houses, there boing just as much warrant forthe one as for the other.
If the question should be asked me, then, whe¬ ther there is no mode hy which Texas con be an¬ nexed lo the United Slates, provided lhe people of both countries should desire it, I would say, there is no consiitulional power in Congrea to admit it. and Congress cannot add lo their own powers.— If Ihey desire an amendment to the Coostilulion for thot purpose, it requires a vote of two-thirds of both Houses 10 propose an amendment, or, if two- thirds of the Slate Legislatures ahall call a conven¬ tion for such a purpose, it requires in tha first case a vote of thrae-fourths of the State I;egiiUtures, and in' the last a vole of three-fourths of the con¬ vention to ratify the same. Let them, therefore, as the. most rational mode of accomplishiug their object, by a vote of two-thirds of both Houses sub¬ mit the question directly to the Peoplo; and, if three-fonrths of the qualified votera Of lhe United Slates vote to receive Texas upon terms and elipu- loiions to be ogrced on by lhe Presideni nnd two- thirds of lhe Senate, let ithe done; otherwise it ought not lo be done. Or submit the question in Ihe same form lo Ihe StnUi I.egislalnrea, wheiher Texas shall he admitted on the lerms to ba agreed on by Ihe treaty-making power, nnd, if ihrce-fourths agreeioil. go towork ahout il; but, if not, as less than lhnt pioportion could not amend the Conili- tution, less than that ought to br regarded as in- sufficient lo make it a part of tho United States wilhoul constitutional authoriiy, which I over is nowhere there lo be found.
In respect to' the suggestion in yonr letter of keeping up the balance of power bf tween the slave and free States, which I hed overlooked at lhe pro- ner pla>-e,I will only add, ifyou have the power m IheFideril Govirnmentto keep up that balance of power, dn it wilh your own Territories of Floridn, Iowa, Wisconsin, and other Territories and Statea jet to be formed; hut ifyou have no such power m
th's way. do yoa flatter yourself with the vain and delusive hppe that yoa can do it hy the admission of Teiras! Will notthe same Congress,lhink you, impose lh« aame restiictions on the States to lio formed of 'I'elas, ihat they would impose upon your territorial when admitted as Btates? And in not lhe me'asiire advocated in the report of Mr. In¬ gersoll on the ground that ool of Texas they will make three free and two slave States! This is keeping up the balance of power with a vengcanc* to us.
Thus, my dear sir, I havo ot aomo Isngth given you my views on theintcretting question ef Texas, and believeing it to be our interest that ber inde- pendence should be finally cslablished, nnil having really more regard for that young Republic thaa those-whose pecuniar; or political interests havs prompted tbem to auch deeds of daring and of va¬ lor in favor of (he "beautiful but unfortunate," I should feel it a pleasing duty, if I were in the puh¬ lic councils, to do. all tbat I might constilationally and legitimately do, lo eoaole her to maintain ber independence and carry on her Governmeit: but I feel tinder no obligation u> take every needy bonsehold into Ihtf bosom of my family, alreidy too large for itffbanhony and good order, because I am-willing to assist ihem.
If this letter shdnld hava the eflect of bringing your mind lo a fair and unptejadiced (I mean by former opinions)'deliberation ofthe qnestion, and the vast consequences growing out of it, ss Ihey will suggest themselves loyou, I shall be compen¬ sated for tbe time and trouble of writing it.
For the complimentary terms in which you have spoken of my past course, and for your determ.ina- tion to support me atthe ensuing election "hc my answer what it may," I reiurn yoa my acknowl¬ edgments.
Ia thus announcing to you that I nm a candidalo for Congress at the' next eleclion, it is proper I should say thatl recognize the right of the people to nominate in Convention if they think fit, and, as the success of tho party is of more consequence to me than my own election, if they select one tbat can serve their interests m.ire fohhfully than I have done, and am likely to do, I would be ready lo yield to their wishes.
r am, most respectfully yonrs.
De. Wa. Hackett.       JNO. M. BOTTS.
F^i^iB ArrirnI!
ii¥':-.<&-mM mmi.
/¥1HEsubscribers have justreceived,
-*-. and are now,opening at their a'lore in Cen¬ lre Square, adjoining the Market Houae, a lar^o and geheral assortinent: of FALL AND WINTEH GOODS i such' aa Blue, Black, Olive. Invisible Green, and Mixed Cloths ; Plain and Fancy Cat- simeres and Satinets, Vestings, Irish Linens, Sus¬ penders, Scar/s, Cravats, Stocks,and a great vari¬ ety of olher anicles' for gentlemeos wear.
Also:—Plain and figured Alpaoas ind Romali. as, cashmere D'Ccosie'a, Jtepl cashmeres, M. ds Laine*, plain and figured Silks,Merinoea.Calicoes, and a variety of nlher materials for Ladies' dress¬ es r also Velvet and SilU Cravats, Mohair and Kid Gloves, long Kid Mitts, plain and embroidered Thibet and Mos. de Laine Shawls, hoen cambric Handkerchiefs, Sec
Also:—Flannels, Checks, Tickingi, Furniiure Dimities. Barnsley Sheetings, Linseys, Muslins, Prison Stripes, Cotton Flannels, Sec Sec. all of which will be disposed, of at reduced prices.
The puhlic are respectfully mviled to call and examine our assorlmeni.
HAMERSLY & RICHARDS.
Sept, 25.1844.        '     .       tf.4
Bargains!   BargaiiM!!
WE.iiave just rettitned from Ne'w Vork "and ara now joperiinf, a large and well selected Stock of Fall attd wim-sr goods, which have been purchased from 10 to 25 psr cent cheaper than they cbuld have been two moTOtha ago. The <M>na;i]aeiica.-i'l^liat -we- are enablad to offer greater Imrgairis TiaB ever,'~!'DBrstoc!i con¬ sists in part of
Caasinetts, Vesiings, New Styles Pliv.d fljid Dam¬ ask Woolena for Ladies Cloaks, Merino's, Al¬ paca's, Oashtrieres, M.de lnincs, CaslimeieThibit, Clemantine, Belvedere: Woolen -Kelt,, and "other Shawla, Calicoes, Ginghams, Chombrays, Cotton Stripes, Muslins, Flaniftf*^ Jdnscys. Tiakings, Checks, and a great variety o( "
olid Silk goods, Tli rami ngs. Gloves, Mitts, Scarfs, Crayola, Swisa Edginga and Inserlings, Thread and Cotton Laces, Plain and Faney Cap Nols, Linen Cambrics, Hd'k'fs., tec. Sec, ALSO, CAR¬ PETINGS. Oil Cloth's Carpet Chain, &c, Ac- Together with
GEOCEEIES, AND ftrEENSffiSE,
at extreme low prices. The public are respectful¬ ly inviled lo call and examine our goods before purchasing.
R. & A. EINSTEIW;
North Queen atreet, a fow doors from the court houae.
December 4,1844. tf-l
Cloths! Cloths!   Cloths!
JUST opened at D. HOSTETTER'S Store, a new assartroent of Wool Dyed Black, Blue Blk, Blue, Invisibte'Gree'n and Brown Broad Cloths. Also—:hcavy Pilot Wove and Plnin Beav- cr cloths of every color, for Bangups and uver- coots, fancy striped and-barred   .
C^Si® S3a.SS2i(SiS»® So
of the most fashionable stiles, along wilh a gene¬ rni assortment of VeNei, Satin and Merino Vest, ings, to which he inviies the altcntion of all who want 10 buy cheap.
DAVID HOSTETTER. Lancaster. Nov. 87, 1844. lf.52
CHEAPER THAN EVER!!
WE have just returned frora New York and ore'ttpw opening, a large and weiT 'selected Slock of Foil and Winter Goods, which have been purchased from 10 to 25 per cent cheaper ihan they could have been two niontba ago. The conseiiuence is thot wo are enabled to offer 'greaier bargains than ever. Oiir siock con¬ stats in part pf    '
Cloths &. Cassimeres,
Cassinetls, Vcslings, New Styles Plaid and Dam¬ ask Woolens for Ladies Cloaks, Merino's, Alpaca's, Cashmeres, M..d.elninef,.Co«hra?re Thibit, Clem¬ antine, Belvidere, \yoplenNclt, Silk and other Shawls, Calicoes,,Ginghams, Chambrays, Cotton Slripcs,. Mnslina, Flapntels, Linseys, Tickings, Chcoka, aiid a great varietj' of
¦ '¦^•H'lLajS'Syai^'S'B
anil Silk goo^a, Trimmingfl, Gloves. Milte, Scarffl, Cravats, Sv\i(ii Edgings ond Inserlings. Thread and Cotton Laces* Flain ami Fancy Cnp Nels, Linen Cambrics, Bd^kTs., &c., Slc,   ALSO,
Oil ClothFf Drupgets, Matting», Hugs, Carpet Ciiain, Traveling DaRketf, Paper Hnne:iiigs, Trann- parent Window Slindes, Stc., Sec.   Togelhflr with
GEOCEEIES AJiDftUBENSWAEE,
ot Extreme low pricos. The public are respectful¬ ly invited lo call and examine our goods before purchosing .
GUI.KL, HART,VGILBERT.
At lhe New York Store, Lancaster.
Novemlier 2U,1S44. if.'il
CiiStniiiElCEs, &c
AFRESH, assortment of neiv style Cashmeres, Monseline de t^aines. See. AUn a new and beaniifuUrlicle for LADIESCLOAKS, just riecciyed froni the New York and Philadelphia markets, and for sele by.
nA,MERSLY i RICHARDS. Centre Square, Lancaster No»6,   1844. .. ir.4!>
 TO   PERSONS
Comaiencins: Housekeeping:.
T^HE subscriber would call the at-
-^ tention of those pcrsunn i\lio aro preparing or Housekeeping', to his slock of
llABDWABE, CUTLEBY .1X0 CEDAB-WiRE.
As must of hisgomla bave been purchased within the last six months, hu can olfcr gfreai induce¬ ments lo porrhaiers, whu arc invited to call and examine his ttock.  ,
M. O. KLINE. Between KaiiffmEn'a and Mitfhacl's Hotels, Nortii
Queen Streei, Lancaster,
Dec.4,1844. tf.l