Pittston Gazette and Susquehanna Anthracite Journal

              ♦ AND SUSQUEHANNA ANTHRACITE JOURNAL. S WtttliJ Jtunlth tn Umbjj, littrnfmt, fjjt Jfarronfilt, Mining, 5MrrJranitnI, ntib fgritnlttrnl Stotate of tire Cnuntti], Snstntrtiatt, 5lmS«nitnt, 8r. jBi|rirs rr nffliro VOLUME 4.-NUMBER 46. FITTSON, PA., FRIDAY. JULY 21, 1854. WHOLE Xtm THE MTTSTON GAZETTE, poor, is allowed to express a political opinion either in praise or blame of the government, and marl looks upon his fellowman with fear and distrust, taking every one for a government emissary, spying out his actions, catching at his words and almost reading the very silencc of his thoughts- ional States of Germany there is a strong endency towards popular Institutions, ecret associations and political clubs of ev■ry complexion pervade the social system, vliile despotism is getting old—trrmiling on the veige of its eternal giave. There is, however, one power where it lourishos in the zenith of its strength. 3ne oollossal empire which fitly represents he antagonist prluciplo of liberty. From his great source is drawn whatever ol 'itality exists in the others and around hem all it stands,strengthening, supporting ;ommanding and directiug ; 1 mean the rower of Russia. Throughout the greater pa1-! of the last :entury the government o( Muscovy was :ovulsed by an uninterrupted slrugglo totween the power of the nobility and thai Df the Czar's. The latter finally triumph ;d in the person of Alexander, and oppor. unity was given for the further extension Df an empire already vast under the Emperors l'eter and Paul. " Since that ime Russia has grown by force and diplonacy until she contains perhaps more than lull the combined Asiatic and European sontinents. Since the year 1727 she hat jonstanilv maintained a political mission it Pi-kin which enables her to exercise a veighty influence in that empire. By the Deace of Gulistan in 1813 she obtained tossession of.the whole of Cuucas8us, the Sea, and the exclusive right to the lavigotion of the Caspian. She also acqui. C-d the riyht to trade throughout all the ilies of Persia engaging to support the 'rince designated ns successor by the cigning Shu, which prince she takes gooc ;ure shall be a creature of her own. Sht las overwhelmed Circassia, occupiec iliidia and usurped the Government o Tartary. Poland is no more, and Austrii Dnd Prussia tremble at her nod and livC »iily on her sutlerence. VVIiut are tliC irinciples she propogales 1 What the eadir.g ideas of Czarism and its worship ■rs? First then this immense empire boun led north by the Arctic Sea, South by ihC Mediterranean, West by the Danube, Eui if at all) by the great wall of China anc he waters of the Pacific belong loeme man VII the countries and states, provinces anC irincipulilie? belong to live Czar; he is b\ he natural right ot inheritance the land ord and owner of every foot of it. A1 he inhabitants are his sells and slave* loldirg lifo, liberty and properly by thC rail tenure of his will alone. He can a my moment suspend the power of al :ourts of Justic;, dpclarn military law hroughout his realm, disposC sa any sub pet o( his property, raze his house to tin ground, tear him from his family and sent lim to perish amidst the snows of Siberii ind no man shull a?k why or w herefore Mo books nor papers are printed save bj lis sufferance. No tree press utters it! roice, no art nor industry is carried oi without his permision'and paying tithe tC lim. He is also the head of the Church successor of Jesus Chrirl and as such in ullible in all matters of religion. Head o Church and Stale with power cupremt »ver life, liberty and property, with no lav o restrain him and no power to resist, sucl 8 the Czar of Russia. To such a throni ttul such powers ascended in the year o • race 1825, Nicholas Cassarofl, a mai shrewd in perception, obstinate, determine! »nd cnergetio to the last degree, magnifi sent in design, fertile in resource ant prompt in execution. The history ol his reign has been a his lory of constant successes—baffling thC shrewdest diplomacy of his opponents turning every advantage to account, am profiting by every change upon the politi cat chessboard. In the Greek revolutioi of 1826-7, we find him siding with ihi revolutionists to destroy the power of tin Ottoman in Europe. His forces throng® the shores of the Danube, and his frigate bore uloft the Cross at Navarino. Hut ii '45 the scene was changed ; the Turkisl government, weak and apparently dissob last remnant of the Moslem power in Eu. rope. " In fifty years," said Napoleon Bona, parte at St. Helena, " Europe will be either republican or Cossack." Ten years, fellow citizens, ten years are yet left of that fifty, and what are the signs of the limes ? Tell me, oh, tell me, Son of Freedom ! what sign you take from the battle field of Europo iu the year ol our Lord 1854? England upen the Ddnubc, battling against Russia in behalf of Turkey! After exhausting every phraseof conciliation, and wasting precious months in vain mediation—alter witnessing unmoved the destruction of her ally's fleets and seaports, she is at last in the field—against whom? Against a power whom she sustained with her arms—supported with her capital und nourished with her strength— with whom she allied herself in bonds of Platonic friendship—draining the wealth of her subjects, and building up a national debt which morlgagos every estate in the roalm. For what f that she might crush republicanism in Europe, force upon France a detested dynasty, and utterly destroy iu the person of Napoleon Bonaparte the principle we have read today, that government derives its just power " from the consent of the governed." Fellow citizens, I am your orator today, but I speak for myself. Pardon me if I give utterance to any sentiments which are not yours. In llie struggle now going on in Europe, as Americans, we are all interested. But while we indulge the ardent iiope that barbarism may not again return upon the European continent, 1 cannot help asking what will the world gain by this war, unless one of the great contending powers be destroyed ? For what are these nations contending 1 For the balance of power—the very thing which has been the everlasting bone of contention since 1742. From the very nature of despotism, this balance will never remain adjusted, and uutil it be destroyed the people of Europe never can be free. To support this false and delusive doctrine England has poured out her blood and treasure for a century. The las; great alliance which she formed for its support, i mean the so called Holy Alliance, with Russia. Prussia, and Sweden, at Tilsit, Sept. 9, 1813, made it obligatory upon the high contracting parties to crush popular sovereignty wherever it should break out, and recognized the rights of Intervention, as Kossuth calls ii, the right to enter the territories of a neighbor and overthrow ly force of arms any constitution which should mihtal« against the. principles of monarchy. His England ever relinquished this doctrine ? Never! The people do not up. h«ld it. Oh, no ! bu* the people are not represanted. I see around me to day, my friends, Englishmen with w hom I am on terms of daily intercourse—tell me, fellow citizens, tell me what porliun of the English people ire represented in Parliament —scurcely tliree-fifilis. The government Joes not represent the people of England. If it did, think you Russia would be to-day where she is 1 Or Hungary, or Poland destroyed ? No ! oh, no ! But tho old leaven of despotism,is no; yet worked out ceasing cry—they''have given Ireland A college, changed the system of revenue, nullified the House of Lords and made (he crown a mere nominal appendage to the kindled upon the continent soon shot its warming and vivifying rays across the channel, and insular Protestantism was lighted up. Puritanism in all the sturdy zeal and uncompromising rigor of its nature enter, ed the lists against regal splendor and ecclesiastic pride. Puritans in the church and Puritans in the State united in the vindication of human rights. Then com menced a system of persecution to which in refinement and effect, the tortures of the Inquisition alone bear comparison.— The Siar Chamber and the Court of High Commission entered on their bloody work the iniquities of which the judgement will alone reveal. Founded upon the monstrous doctrines and absurd theses of the canon law they became the agents of a tyranny which threatened to crush in its infancy our principle of equal rights.— But no, that principle was never to be crushed. Driven by the relentless animosity ol King James from England's soil it sought a temporary asyluin amidst ihe lowlands of Germany. But a higher destiny awaited it, enshtined in the hearts of five score defenders it buoyed up the Jittle Mayflower upon the boisterous waves of (he Atlantic, it cheered the Pilgrim Fathers amid the horrors of a New England winter and nerved their arms and strengthened their hearts until they made this western wilderness to blossom as the rose. Since that time the advance of this principle in its developement and application has been steady and uniform. The transatlantic spirit of fanaticism, it is true was for a long time manifested. The burn- cliisement of the Caucassian  others In their proper sequence. The wave of advancing civilization will fill the broad Valley of the Mississippi—cover Kansas and Nebraska and Washington, roll over the Rocky Mountains, fill up the vallies of Oregon and California and form new States upon the Pacific. The questions of organization sofmpor.- tant to day, will have sunk into insignificancc Jo-morrow, and human slavery will be among the institutions of a forgotten ago. No, my friends, there is another subject—a subject which to me appears of far greater significance and importance, tho subject of National Education. Pardon me if I trespass a few moments longer while I press upon you this momentous subject. The equality of rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness we have been considering, but what will it all avail If after establishing these rights we use not the means necessary to their maintainance and enjoyment. To ensure the permanence of liberty, to direct the pursuit of happiness mental and moral culture is indispensable, and that liberty not controlled by the heart nor guided by tho head is a curse to its possessor and a curse to the world; It is the province and pride of Americans to boast of their free institutions ; they have seen them sown like the mustard seed upon the barren soil of New England, they have watched them swelling with an energy which no force could retard and shooting forth with a vigour which no persecution could blight, they have beheld them watered by the blood of the Revolution and strengthened by the storms of 1812. And now, when they see them forming a grand, magnificent canopy, under which the nations of the earth may dwell, no wonder there is exultation. On this day especially, the American heart, warmed with palriotism and kindling with unwonted emotion, is too apt to say, " Is not this great Babylon that 1 have built ?" to clothe these institutions with di. vinity and endow them with eternity. How often does the proud exclamation burst from oratorical lips, "There is a self sustaining principle in American freedom !" But, alas! it is all a delusion. The hit. AND • iMquclimin Anthracite Journal PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGIS M. RICHART. commons. They are now hammering away at another reform bill, while they contribute of their substance to support a fareign war and crowd to hang upon the lips of Louis Kossuth—Kossuth! whose great doctrine of nonintervention is a living condemnation of the whole course of England's Tory administrations, under Lord North, under Casilereigh, under William Pitt and now under Aberdeen. If the Austrian alliance be consummated the triumph of the liberal party in England and the enfranchisement of the Chartists may bo expected. Ol this, the immediate consequence will be the downfall of an immense landed interest by the destruction of the right of primogeniture. What resource will then be left the British Throne? Direct taxation. Taxation to patch up the worn out trappings of royalty; taxation to keep up a regiment in every town of Ireland—taxation to hold in iron bondage an empire upon which the sun never sets, taxation to nurture a brood of princes! £200,000 a year to purchase pap for the children of Victoria, while across the Irish Channel the famished mother is gnawing the carcase of her dead infant ! Officii* JmLiwf Mtir Brick Jluildtnjr, one door South of Store—upstairs. | Throughout all ihe ramifications of soj cietv, ihe great omnipresent, everworking , agency ol police, superintends, governs, i ami contrails, everything. No man's busi- I riess is private, no man's domestic relations [uresaored from the interference of Goverunipnt. Throughout lhis vast region, treachary and cruelty are the reigning spirits. Two Institutions and two only flourish, a standing army ol 1550,000 men and a public debt whose annual interest is 25,000,000 Florins. Such is the government of Francis Joseph the woman'whip. per of Austria; weighed down with a debt incurred by the murder ol Poland the slaughter ol Hungary, and the assasin. ation of Italy ; extorting loans from its subjects and compelling the borrowers to make new ones, preying upon the fortunes of the nobles and extorting the last tithe from the famished peasantry, she lavs, a dead leviathan upon the face of Europe already stinking in the nostrils of the civilized world. Tai k (•Oftm.CM p*l»tl»heCl overyFrldny, at Two Hollas* pur uiiiiuui. Two Dollars and Fifty Cents will be ehnrfjed If not paid within lh# year. No paper will bo discontinueduntil nil Ufrrearaffrs fuxD paid Advkrtisicmkmts are inserted conspicuously at Osa Holla a per square of fourteen line* for tbc**o Insert! ant andlwaMTv-rivic Ckhts udditlonalforevrt*y aufc**Ciuen inert ion. A llberul deduction to those who adverting fur six months or the whole year. Jo a Wan*.—We have conuectod with our establishment a well selected assortment or Job TvfE whieh will ena bleu* to execute, in the neatest style avery variety of printing. ORATION, Delivered at PtUtlon, July 4ik, 1854, BY. C. I. A. CHAPMAN, ESQ,. Fellow Citizens of Pittston ! You have asked my services in your bchall as orntor on the 78ih anoiversary of American Independence. The urgent pressure of business impeled me 10 decline—courtesy towards you •od the interests ol our town impel rne 10 •ecede. ( do to, craving the late date of your invitation as my excuse (or the crudeness of niv remarks. Turn from the spectacle and look at Prussia—anomaly among nations, a union of political fragments, connectrd by no common interest, nor even by Ceography —held together only by artificial political system, she maintains a strange, yet influential and important station. First in science and in her system of Education, prominent irD Art, yet ever behind in every, thing which pertains to true civic spirit. Wl.y ? Because her learning and her arts have ever been subservient alone to milli. tary power. What is the natural conse. quer.c« ? Her great men are, and always have been the pliant tools of haughty nobility—her population, has little or no representation in her Legislature, and her learning has ever been her curse—the powerful auxiliary of her despots. She stands to-day as she has ever stood, halting between two opinions—with knowledge to perceive the right, but no moral courage to support it. The hour of trial is now at hand and we are told she is neutral in the present conflict ; so she will be till the crikis comes arid then her gauutlet will be found, as ever, in the scales of despotism. Fellow citizens, 1 wish not to be radi. cal, but I wish to be just. 1 speak only of what those have seen who are now within the sound of my voice, and wherever these things exist—in Russia, in England, or in Timbuctoo—1 hold them .to be only the le. gitimate fruit of a doctrine which derives all power from one man, centres in him the title to all landed property, and constantly transmits it through the first born son—building up a titled nobility, " muz zling the ox which treadeth out ihe corn," and practically ignoring that great preoept of God, that i' the laborer is worthy of his hire." So long as these political doctriues are maintained, (1 care not on which side the British Channel,) so long the hovel will grow up under the vary eaves of tho palace, and squalid poverty starve beneath the bursting granaries of wealth. We meet to day, as I hnve already said to celcbrate the 7dlh anniversary of Amer. ican Independence. Not ns Whigs, nor as Democrats—not asO.ld Fellows, nor Ma. sons, not as Native Americans or Foreign. era—englishmen, Irishmen or Welchmcn, but as Americans all—Brethren and Sisters ol one great Fratereity—Equal inheritors of one common patrimony—the priceless boon of American Constitutional Liberty ! ing of the Salem Witches, the banishment of Roger Williams and the persecution of Catholics in Maryland were mournful evidences of its existence ; yet these were only sickly scions from that old tree of bigotry to which Ihe axe had been laid, they could not live ; the soil of America was not congenial. When the colonists had once gained the long desired free- How have you come together ? At the dictate of somn mighty potentate—some Emperor or King, to adorn his triumph and gratify his pride 7 No! but of your own free will and accord with spontaneous and concerted act ion. Where have vou come together ? Is there a Frenchman here? No burning sand of Algiers is benealh him, watered with his tears. Is there an lruhman here? He treads no barren isle of banishment wiih his j'lilors eve on every motion. Utherc a Pole here ? No trackless waste of Siberian snov.' surrounds him, in bondage and in chains. Are the sons of the soil here 1 Lei them look forih Jo-dav in the fullness of iheir joy. There is the bat lie ground of Wyoming—yonder Irees echoed to the savage yell ol dcfiaricc and of triumph. Yonder golden harvest waves over a soil which seventy six years ago yesterday was red wiili (he blood of your as they stood, shoulder to •houlder, in the death struggle for ihe rights of man. A band of 400 miserable rebels arrayed against the trained legions of the mightiest nation upon earth and battling for the principles of the document you have juai Iftard read. Where n«w are the invaJe-r* ajjd their aljies ? They have nil passed from the slago of action. The brutal and infatuated George and Lord North his infamous adviser, sleep beneath the marble pavement of Westminster abbey Thornus Jefferson the traitor and George Washington the Rebel Chieftain live forever in the hearts of their countrymen, «od the ashes of Wyoming's heroes is resting os the altar of their sacrifice ; they jrtajed their part well—let m see that we play ouis. The Aug that day trampled in the dust floats on all the waiers of the llia'bitable globe, hailed everywhere as the orifiammeof liberty and the beacon light, of universal freedom. dom of conscience it required no abstruse reasoning to convince them that self gov. rrnment was essential to its preservation. They soon fonnd that " to secure these "rights governments must be instituted "among men deriving their just powers 'from the consent of the governed." The grand principle ol equal rights became soon the foundation of colonial government and the motive power in all the striving scenes which followed. It was consecrated by the first blood at Lexington it echoed from the streets of Concord and re-echoed f rom the steps of the Philadelphia State House, it gleamed dimly in the bunting which adorned the heights of Bunker, and blazed in every star of that same glorious banner as it floated in tri. umph from the ramparts of Yorktown, while we speak, it is booming across the I Atlantic, striking terror to the hearts of tyrants and shaking to their centres the crumbling relicts of a feudal despotism.— Its rumbings are heard this morning among the passes of the Balkans and along the shores of the Danitbe, mingling with the strife of Muscovite and Moslem, It is rolling loo across the gardens of fair Italy and over the plains of crushed and mangled Hungary, and as it strikes upon the ear of the Magyar, he swears the tri-color shall yet wave over every inch of his birth right and the waters of Danube swell with the life tide of tyrants. England is today battling in the cause of freedom against Russia—the house is at last divided against itself, and from henceforth liberty is possible in Europe. God help her in the struggle, and when victory has perched upon her banner, let her bring home her laurels and go to work in earnest there—take the fangs of avarice from the heart of India, and mitigate the tyranny which sits enthroned at Calcutta, give freedom and a government to the noble Sikhs—loosen her grasp from the Burnam empire, ay ! and raise again, if there be yet life, the form of bleeding and prostrate Ireland ! Ireland, where " nothing but the skin remains unconsumed of the sacrifice." Oh, Ireland! poor,persecuted,outraged Ireland ! thou nursery of poetry and elo. quence, tho land of Ossian, of Moore, of Curran, of Gratia:), and crt Sheridan—who for centuries hast bled at every pore! Is there for thee no cheering sound in this our matin song of liberty? Oh, yes! there is a voice in freedom's choir, a deep toned voice which distance cannot weaken nor despotism drown. Like the voice of Memnon, it is struck by this morning's first sunbeams from the Rock of Plymouth. It gathers on the Giant's Causeway, and rolls onward to the Cove of Cork. It savs, Look up. oh Erin, child of sorrow ! behold the dayspring from on high, breaking upon benighted Europe. Takedown thy harp from the willow and prepare the epitaph for thy glorious son. tory of the world, the history of all former republics proclaims there is no self sustain, ing power in any form of government, no guarantee for continued national existence. No! exult as we may over the past and the present, we caunot shut our eyes to the fact, that apart from the power of educated mind, there is no conservative principle in republican government. Our system ia the freest democracy on earth. The torrant of popular will knows here no dikes nor dams. " The will of the people," saithour proverb, "i»the legitimate source, and the happiness of the people the true end of government." The only perfect liberty is implicit obedience to righteous law ; the will of the majority is the source of that law ; thorefore the will of the majority is the fountain of all perfept liberty. Permit, then, this majority to" become cor. rupt and benighted with ignorance—cease to educate the people, and all moral re. straint at once is gone. The voice of the people—no longer the voice of God, has be. come the dictum of a few wily demagogues capable of exciting, but unable to control it. The torrent of popular feeling burst over its banks, the waves of anarchy roll higher with each succeeding obstacle, the foundations of society aro swept away, and our grand republican edifice is lost amid the raging waters. And think you there will be no master spirit to rule the storm J no Caesar to cross the Rubicon of constitutional law, and ride into powor upon the billows of civil discord? Will the material, think you, of that mighty edifice lia unemployed? QJ), no! another Bastile will stand whereat stood, and the throne of despotic power will rise on the ruins of our Federal arch. After months at hesiiaiinn she joined in (he partition of' Poland in 1772, again in 1703 and again in 1700. In 1805 she forsook her noble ally of France to join the Tyrants who betrayed her. She repented at Austcrlitz, sued for mercy and was nobly lorgiven. Again she rose and with treacherous fang bit the heel of friendship and broke the confederacy of the Rhine. Venj/ence was swift and her banner trailed upon the bloody field of Jena. The peace of Tilsit divided her territory and reduced her to a third cla s power, but she will not le«rn wisdom by experience. Her people pant for a more enlarged iberty. The spirit of Robert B!um at)i-nates two thirds of her populace—they vait only lo strike for God and tiieir couny and, would she but go with them, she nisht rally round her the constitutional States of Germany and bear forward the manner of moral reform, of progress and Df civilization. Hut she sees il not—she shuts her eyes to the noble opportunity and turns again to her miserable vomit. She is at this moment marsliulling in secret her military engineers and her scienlific warriors to join the barbarous might af Russia nod the withering Despotism of Austria In their vain attempt to fetter life minds, the co"' iences and the political opinions of mnnkind. God tyrant the attempt may be indeed in vain !—Gcd grant "Koine arm more potent than the rest "may reach the tyrant's heart and force "the world from bondage!" The dark spirit of Wellington is rampant in tha Aberdeen ministry, am] is at this moment concocting another holy alliance with Austria. This time, however, that alliance will be on Dhe wrong side, and it requires no great gift of prophecy to divine the result. Let this alliance but be consummated, let the dark power, under whatever name, once be divided against itself, and the hour of Europe's deliverance is at Itatid. But Fellow Citizens I fear I have already exaustod your patience with Eu- ropean politics and I design not to return to them again. The last struggle of despotism for his tottering Empire has now commenced and the clank of his iron letters is ringing on every gale from the Uultic to the Mediterranean. " We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that tlicy are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuii of happiness." The artillery which at this mornings sunrise salutes that flag is not the despairing voice of 18 poor colonies—destitute of [ know the clouds arc dark, but through the thick gloom of the present I see the brightness of the future. What has Eng- To the results of this conflict no human eye can pierce, but to us who look upon the problem of man's capacity for self government as solved, the issue is not doubtful. arms, of soldiers and of treasury, it is the giant voice ol thirty-one sovereign states and seven territories, an Empire such as land done? formed an alliance with France—recognized a soveieign who claims tj rule not bv the grace of God, but by virtue of universal suffrage. Look at it, friends—study the character of tiie act, and tell Dno if my deduction is not correct, that when she saluted the tri color and fraternized with Louis Napoleon, she knocked the last prop from under the rotten piatform of legitimacy, practically ignored iter doctrine of intervention, and surrendered to tiie sovereign people the balance of power. But ah ! she could not sea itshe does not see it now. She has goue forth to battle for her old, exploded, rotten dog. ma—the balance of power. God speed her on her mission. Every gun she fires is but anoiher death-knell of her own and Uus- VVhen man first broached tho principles which form this preamblo it were hard to tell. Certain, however, it is, they were littie heard and less regarded until the dawning of the Reformation. We mean not to say they were coeval with Protest- the world has never seen reaching froru i am of th.»t number and though my life is one third gone, 1 hope t;i live to see at least three great Republics established in Europe—the Republic of France, the Republic of Germany and the liepublio of (he Mediterranean, i have spoken too long to wairant an indulgence in »ny rhapsodies upon the tflory and jjreatoessof the United Statps. To every American I can only the frozen shores of New Brunswick to Che volcanic ridges of the Torrid Zone. Foremost in arts, in arm?, in science, in wealth, in everything that constitutes the greatness of the nineteenth century. VVe will presently consider the causes which have effected this wonderful change C—let us first, however, pause lor n moment and glanee at Europe, ascertaining if we enn, the condition and prospects-of the Old World /row whence we came. Passing aver the shores of Britain come with roe at once to the centre of the Con. tinent and let us look together at Austria, /the great Central power of Europe. VVe have safely passed the ordeal of Police, our passport* have been fifty times My friends, the danger is not imminent, but these things are possible. Look at the statistics of yonr Slate. I tuke the figures of 1850, which, please recollect,  years since. Out of a population of 2,312,000 souls, there are 70,000 whocaa neither read nor write, and who doubts but this list has nearly doubled sinco. To subserve the educational interests of thi« ing, was supported by his arms against its revolted subject, Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt. Wiiy I because he feared the dauntless and vigorous Pasha would curry his arms to Byzantium, and becomo Sul- Italy comes next before us; but ah! not that Italy which smiled in peace and rejoiced in plenty under the fostering care of the good Joseph Boneparto. Ii.alv, after the passage of the Alps nnd the organization of the Cisalpine. Republic became a power upon Earth, but it was under the Empire that she strode on with the greatest rapidity towards the pristine glory ofrfhe early republic. Agriculture the first, best, noblest of man's avocations was revived and encouraged; her soil- impoverished by rents was relieved by a wise financial system—all branches of industry save the fine arts had well nigh perished— Napoleon revived and sustained them. The courts of justice (under the auspices of un ignorant and fanatical priesthood)had well nigh perished and the assassin's dagger became the only redress—he re-orgnnized them—a national militia was levied—an effective police enrolled—schools revived and learned societies created. Ten years of prosperity had quickly passed and Italy was fast becoming once more the glory and the boast of Europe. But alas! the hero of Millesimo and Lodi went down before a world in arms—legitimacy triumphed and order reigns to day in Italy. Ye», order ! the British Trident rules the Adriatic—the Black Eagles of Austria are gnawing at her vitals and a foreign army garrisons the city of the Cae*ara. Tho deadening blight of clerical rule has again settled down wheie all was energy and life, a nation fast risinit to the foremost rank in civilization is again changed tobeggarsto banditti, mountebanks and jugglers. Garibaldi and Mazzini are wanderers upon the Earth, and the HCutd Organ and the Monkey are the National Institution*of Italy. antism No ! on this day, at least, let all sectarian feeling be laid aside. The 4th ot July known no party, no society, no sect. The proposition mado was one by no moans original, and one to which all sects can uubscrihe—that civil liberty and the progress of the grand principle we were considering, has always run pari passu with the advancement of religiou* tolera- tan ol Turkey. lie has seated J|imse|t firmly upon all the mouths ol the Danube, surrounded the Baltic with his fortresses, covered wile his fleets I he Caspian und the Sea of Azoff. What ambition is un- say look forth this morning and tell me what dost thou think of thj country, stretoh- ing from the Arustook to the Uio Grande, washed on otto 'side by Atlantic in her great commonwealth, and train the mil- satisfied? One—ah! one thing he lacks —Constantinople and the Boiphoius. Give him but these, and he asks nothing more. lions who will control her destiny, what sum, think you, docs your census present as actually estimated and employed $280,000—an amount not reaching onethird the private fortune of one citizen in tion. When first tlie monk of Erfurth wrath, on the other side by Pacific in her aroused with Ills giant voice a continent which had slumbered during the long dark beauty—her arts this moment penetrating the Japanese empire and seeking the sources of the Amazon. She stretches in succes- The Mediterranean will soon become a Russian lake, he will control Palestine and all the avenues to the East, wrest the wealth of the Indies from England, and make it tributary to his inland provinces- The riches of Calcutta and '.he Birman empire will soon be poured into the lap of St. Petersburg, and the sun once more set upon the dominions of Great Britain. 'Tis a gigantic scheme, but it is fast hastening to completion. Throughout all the reign of Alexander this wag the great point towards which all his aims were di. reeled ; for this he broke hut friendship with Napoleon and joined the Holy Alliance. All the operations of Nicholas have been subservient to this end. For this his fleet* have covered the Black Sea-for this he forced a reluctant cession of the territory upon the Danube—for this he crushed poor Hungary—for this he has been for year* fomenting Insurrection in Greece and Montenegro, Moldavia and Wallachia, and at last he thinks his time has come. He has played off his diplomacy in bulletins and " Vienna Notes," and " Protocols of Treaties," all Hinders for tho weak and vacillating lory administration of England, until hit force* are in battle array—the last cannon is loaded «—the last bayonet fixed, and hia countless thousands ere now pouring down in a resistless torrent upon ieeble Turkey—the sion despotism lery serves but to illuminate more vividly the truth that her holy Alliance was a rnon- Every flush ol her arlil night of the Middle Ages, the electric shock was felt in every bosom. There was no time then to theorize upon equal sion five states and three territories deep beyond the Ohio, which was the ultima thule ali the colleges in the State is only §94,000. Fellow citizens, your taxes are embezzled this valley j while the total endowment of examined, our trunks thrice rifled to the ster, at war with the law of nations and the spirit of tlie age. That all despotism is a lie, and that the people—the people of Europe alone—must ultimately settle and forever adjust the balance of power. For filty years England has been taxing every resource' of her vast empire—cover- covering herself mountain high with debt—wa- bottom, and with en emissary at our heels io note our every movement and comment ity of rij/ht, All that Luther a:id his co- of our Revolutionary Fathers. 'I he child born this day upon onr soil will be twenty-two years old on the cen- and your free schools lamentably neglected. Let me quote to you Horace Mann's late inaugural at Anticch College, Ohio. IJe says adjutors asserted, was a right to opinion For centuries that right had been denied, we are at last permitted to go forth. We Cire now seated upon the wall* of Vienna, the mind's eye ranges over 250,000 square jniles of territory and 35 millions of inhabitants. The morning sun of July 4*h 1854, is shining here, but no song of free, dom greets his beanps, no happy peasantry are thronging by thousand* to welcome the day of political regr-neration, these millions never heard of liberty. They have no printing press to tell them what the great world is doing around them, no nay, it had never been affirmed—the opin tenia! anniversary of Indpendence. He will then see assembled throughout this land sxty million* of freemen to read the ion of the lioly See was tlie opinion of Europe ; anv other opinion was arch heresy. The Cattle was (ought, then, upon " For augmenting the aggregate amount of intelligence and mental power in any community, the grandest instrumentality ever yet devised is the institution of coiii- manilestu of American Liberty, to ratify its principles, to oonfirm its preopts and to catch once more the glorious spirit ol its authors. '.ering Europe with the best blood of her subjects—rolling up • and rolling pp this eternal stone of Sysyphus only to see it this principle alone ; none other was contended for. Resting constantly upon their moil schools. The common school real- arms, the free spirits of (hat day had no Whai fear need we clirish of seotional strifa and geographical distinction ?—■ What mighty bug-bear need darken our horizon while the bollot bo* remains. Ba- izes all the facts, or fables, whichever they may he, of the 'divining rod.' It trios its again sink before her—why pan she never learn that there can be no compromise between freedom and slavery—that if the principles of legitimacy be true, her bal. ance of power is a delusion—despotism must concentrate—and if it be lalse her la- time to follow up their principle. May we not say, loo. they had no inclination ; experiments over the whole surface of so- bigotry upon the one side will ever beget ciety, and wherever a buried fountain of genius is flowing in the darkness below, it brings it above, and pours out its waters to bigotry upon the other, and unfortunately the persecutions of that age were too un- men of learning to cultivate their hearts and heads, and point them to blight and noble ende. Said Francis to a Leybaoh Professor, "I want no learned men—I want good subjects but I want no learned men." No_ bright and pure judiciary holda tiw shield of justice over the head oif the cilfcmf no JweUe men sworn to give a true *e/diot awarding to the evidence relenting not to produce in their victims a lievn me, fellow-citizens, the calm fiat of public opinion will set every thing right; bor of r century is all in vain— degree of obstinate intolerance long to be marked and mourned in Aiperican colonial oioakers will croak as croakers have ever fertilize the earth. Among mankind hitherto, hardly ona person in a million has had any chance for tho developement of his higher faculties. Hence, whatever poets, orators, philosophers, divines, inventors, or philanthropist?, may have risen up to 1)lbss tlio world, they have all risen from not more than orje millionth part of the human raoe ! the mipds of the rett, though equally endowed whh talent, genius. and benevolence. have lain nuuidct the soope of availability tnr good. These millions with the cxTjef.tmu of tho, units, have been drudges, cuttle, their "Truth crushed to enrth will rise flgain, " The eternal years of God are bers, " But Error, wounded—wrUhen in pain, " And dies among her worshipers." oroaked. but the infant demagogue has not history. Yet here was already broached yet got his clouts whose machinations are to retard for oue moment the steady on- semination, to produpe the cffects which a principle which could not fail, in its die ward tread of this nation or snap the bonds of this great political confederacy. The people of Englaad understand this tiling. Tne great unrepresented manufacturing portion of her people understand this thing. They know whenoe pomes this im. mense National Debt which saps the prod, ucts of their industry and dooms them to hopeless poverty. For twenty years representation and reform have been their un* followed. If freedom of opinion ba maintained, equality of right must follow. Lei man but taste one morsel of his birthright, and he will purchase with hu blood its extreinest crumb. And 80 it was—his free- The destiny of America is yet unfulfilled. It depends on no Nebraska Bills are suffered t» sit upon has cause, but the |Daid minions of the «row«j register hia jfate and dispose all oi his prop, "erty. Of all this 35 millions living, breathing #oul«, not one, be he high to low, riph or But fellow citizens,—in Prussia, in Italy end the German State* I mean those abso lute in their forma of Government and espeoialky nod more fully in the coqstitu- nor Compromises. The great issue to be decided is the oapaoity of man for self- dom of opinion once gained, right to the propagation of that opinion was demanded, and was nobly stistcuflet}. Th« fire now government—the great object to be attained is the political regeneration of the human family, first and foremost the enfioo-