Pittston Gazette and Susquehanna Anthracite Journal

              1 % GAZETTE, PITTSTON AND SUSQUEHANNA AN ACITE JOURNAL. 51 tSftkhj JfiSfHiflpnprr- (JDruotrb In Sims. lilcmtnrt, |Salittt5, flit ftltrranlilt, Hinting, JHtrjjmiirnl, nnb Sgrintltiml Snttrwta of flit Countrtj, Sttsfrttrtioti, Stinnsraitnt, k:. )-€'rati ffulta per Shimim- VOLUME 3.--NUMBER 18. PITTSTON, PA., FRIDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1852. WHOLE NUMBER 122. this menus to reduce the price of the manufactured article to the consumer to the lowest rate at which it can be produced.— This policy would place tho mechanic by the side of the farmer, create a mutual interchange of their respective commodities, and thus stimulate the industry of the whole country, and render us independent of foreign nations for the supplies required by the habits or nece8sities of the people. Another question, wholly independent of protection presents itself, and that is, whether duties leviedjshould be upon the value of the article at the place of shipment.or where it is practicable, a specific duty, graduated according to quantity, as ascertained by weight or measure. AH our duties are a) present ad valorem. A certain per centage is levied on the price of goods at the port of shipment in a foreign country. Most nations have found it indispensable, for the purpose of preventing fraud and perjury, to make the duty specific whenever the article is of such a uniform value in weight and measure as to justify such a duty.— Legislation should never encourage dishonesty or crime. It is impossible that the revenue bflicers at the port where the goods are entered and tho duties paid should know with certainty what they cost in a foreign country. Yet tho law requires that ihey should levy the duly according to such cost. They are therefore compelled to resort to very unsatisfactory evidence to ascertain what that cost was. They take the invoice of the irr porter, attested by his oath, as the best evidence which the nature of the ease admits. But evnry one must see that the invoice may be fabricated, and the oath by which it is supported false, by reason of which the dishonest im. porter pays a part only of the duties w hich are paid by ihe honest ones, and thus indirectly receives from the treasury of the United States a reward for his fraud and perjury. The reports of the Secretary ol the Treasury heretofore made on this subject, show conclusively that these frauds have been practiced to a great extent. The tendency is to destroy that high moral cha. racter Ibr which our merchants have long been distinguished ; to dtfraud the Government of its revenue; to break down the honest importer by dishonest competition ; and finally, to transfer tho business of importation to foreign and irresponsible agents to the great detriment of our own citizens. I therefore most earnestly recommend the adoption of specific duties, wherever it is practicable, or a home vaiuatiou, to prevent these frauds. THE PITTSTON GAZETTE, Congress over *11 the provisions of melt an arrangement, affecting the revenue, will ol course be reserved. promise which ought always to prevail on such occasions, and that they will lead to a satisfactory result. I have the satisfaction to inform you tlul the Executive Government of Venezuela has acknowledged some claims of citizens of the United States, which have lor many years past been urged by our Charge d'Affiures at Caraccas. It is hoped that the same senso of justice will actu. ale the Congress ol that Republic in providing ihe means for their payment. duction of many new States into the family of notions. In this wuy the Department of State has become overburdened. It has, by the recent establishment of the Department of the Interior, been relieved of some portion of domestio business. II the residue of the business of that kind, such as the distribution of Congressional documents, the keeping, publishing and distribution ol the laws of the United Slates, the execution ol the copyright law, the subject of reprieves and pardons, and some oilier subjects relating to interior administration, should be transferred from the Department of State, it would unquestionably be lorlhe benefit of the public service. 1 would also suggest that ihe building appropriated to the State Department is not fire proof; that there is rearon to think there are defects in its construction, and that the archives of the Government in charge of the Department, with the precious collections of the manuscript papers of Washington, Jeflerson, Hamilton, Madison and Monroe, are exposed to destruction by fire. A similar remark may be made of the buildings appropriated to iho War and Navy Departments.arrangements. A general emigration may therefore be confidently expected at an early day. western lines of New Mexico, in regard to which different opinions have been expressed ; for it is hardly to be supposed that there could beany objection to that part of the line which extended along the channel of the Rio Grande. But the terms of the law are so broad as to forbid the usoof any part of the money for the prosecution of tho work, or even for the payments, to the officers and the agents, of tho arrearages of pay which are justly duo to them. AND Anthracite Journal The affairs of Cuba formed a prominent tnpio in my last annual message. They remain in an vneasy condition, and a feeling of alarm and irritation on the part of the Cuban authorities %ppear to exist.— This feeling has interfered with the regular commercial intercourse between the United Slates and tho Island, and led to some acts of which we have a right to complain. But the Captain General of Cuba is clothed with no power to treat with foreign governments, nor is he in any degree und8r the control of the Spanish Minister at Washington. Any communication which he may hold with an agent of a foreign power is informal and matter of courtesy. Anxious to put an end to the existing inconveniences, (which seemed to rest on a misconception,) 1 directed the newly.appointed Minister to Mexico, to visit Havana cn his way to Vera Cruz. He was respectfully received by the Captain General, who conferred with liiin freely on the recent occurrence; but no permanent arrangement was affected. TI|b report from tho General Land Office shows increased activity in the operations. The Burvey of tho Northern boun. dary of Iowa has been completed with unexampled despatch. Within tlie last year 0,225,053 acres of public land hare been surveyed, and 8,032,463 acres brought in- PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY C. M. RICH ART 8 H. S. PHILLIPS wMAae ITul Mff Main Street, mmd story of tkt "Lnf Star*" of fVilntr CS- tfood. T»» "Oatrrri It la pnlilUbod every Friday, M Two DoLl.1tD per annum. Two Dollnra anil KMy Cents will be chawed If not paid within Ilia year. K* paper will tie discontinued until all arrearage are paid. AirtiniimiTi are inserted conspicuously at Oxi Dollar per square of fourteen lines for three Insertions; and TWKXTV-nvK Ci its additional for every subsequent Insertion. A liberal deduction to those who advertlee for sti mom hi or the whole year. lea Work.—We have connected with establishment a wall selected assortment of Joa Tvfa, which will oua bla us to execute. In the ueateat st) It, every variety of letters and comsnunlcatlons addresaed to the Oatettt j«J Jotmal uiust be rosTTLin, and andorsud by a responsible name, to rceetvt* attention. to market Acres. Sold in the last fiscal year, 1,553,071 Located with bounty I'd war'ts, 3,201,214 Located with other certificates, 115,082 1 earnestly invite your prompt attention to this subject, and recommend a modification of the terms of the proviSb so as to enable the Department to use as much of the appropriation as will be necessary to discharge the existing obligations of the Government, and to complete the survey of the Rio Grande toils mouth. The recent revolution in Buenos Ayres and the Conlederated States having opened the prospect of an improved stale of things in that quarter, the Governments of Gr«-at Britain and France determined to negotiate with the chief of the new Confederacy for the free access of their commerce to the extensive countries watered by the tributaries of the La Plata; and they g»vo a friendly notice of this purpose to the United State, that we might, il we thought proper, pursue tho same course. In compliance with this invitation, our Minisiei at Rio Janerio and our Charge d'Aflaires at Buenos Ayres have been fully authorized to conclude treaties with the newly.organized Confederation, or the States composing it. The delays which have taken place in the lormation of tho new Government have as yet prevented the execution of those instructions ; but there is every reason to hope that these vast countries will be eventually opened to our commerce. A treaty ofCommerce has iiern concluded between the United Slates and the Orien :tl Republic of Uraguay, which will bo laid before tho Senate. Should this Convention go into operation, il wi.l open to the commercial enterprise of our citizons, a country of great extent and unsurpassuJ in natural resources, but from which foreign nations have hitherto bD'en almost wTiollv excluded. Making n total of In addition there were— Rep't'd under swamp I'd gr'nts, 5,219,188 For internal improvement*, railroads, dco., 4,870,0G7 3,025,020 It will also be proper to make further provisions by law for the fulfilment of our treaty with Mexico for running and marking the residue of the boundary line between the two countries. President's Message. Making an aggregate of 13,115,175 Being an increase in the amount of lands located and aold under land warrants of 509,220 over the previous year. Fellow Citizens ok the Sen ate The brief space which elapsed since the close of your last session has been marked bv no extraordinary political event. The quadrennial flection ol Chief Magistrate has pasted off with less than the usual excitement. However individuals and par. :i C muy have been disappointed in the recult, it is nevertheless a suhj'Ciof national congratulation that the choice 1ms been effected by the independent suffrages of a free people, undisturbed by those influences which in other countries have too often affneted the purity of p.pulai elections. and HoUdK or Representatives The whole amount thus located,sold under land warrants, reported under swamp land grants, and selected fur internal im. provements, exceeds that of the previous year by 3,342,372 acres; und tho sales would, without doubt, have been much lar eer but for the extensive reservations for railroads ill Missouri, Mississippi and Ala- Permit me to invito your particular attention to the inxrest of the District of Co-1 uinbia which are confided by the Constitution to your public care. In the mean tirrip, t'ie refusal of tlic Captain-Generul to allow passenger* ond the mail to be landrd in ccitain cast;*, tar a reasor. which does not fumiih in tho opinion of this Government even a pood presumptive ground foi such a prohibition, has been nmde the subject of a serious remonstrance nt Madrid; and I have no reuson to doubt that duo respect will be paid by the Government of I lor Catholic Majesty to the representations which our Minister has been instructed to make on the subject. It is but justice to the Cap. tain General to add, that his conduct toward the steamers employed to carry the mails of the United States to (lasana has, with the exceptions above alluded to, been marked with kindness and liberality, ond indicates no general purpose of interfering with the commercial correspondence and intercourse between the island and this The condition of the Treasury is exhibited in the annual report from that Depart- Among the measures which seem to me of the greatest importance to its prosperity, are the introduction of a copious supply of wattr into the city of Washington, and the construction of a suitable bridge across the Potomac to rcplace those which were destroyed by high water in the early part of the present year. Tlie cash receipts into tho Treasury lor tltu fiscal year ending the 30th June last, exclusive of trust funds, were forty.nine millions seven hundred and tw enty .eight thousand three hundred and eighty-six dollars and eighty nine ccnts, (#49,728,386- 69,) and the expenditures for the same period, likewise exclusive of trust funds, were foity-six millions seven thousand eight hundred and ninety-six dollars and twenty cents, (46,007,WOO 20,) of which nine millions tour hundred and fifty.five thousand eight hundred and fifteen dollars and eighty-three cents (99,455,815 83) was on account of the principal and interest of the public debt, including the last instalment of the indemnity to Mexico, under the treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo, leaving a balance of $14,632,136 37 in the Treasury on the first day of July last. Since this latter period, further purchases of the principal of the public debt have been made to the extent of two millions four hundred and fifty.six thousand five hundred and for. ty-seven dollar* and forty-nine cents, (94,• 4!D6,547 49.) and the surplus in the Treasurv will couiiiiue to be applied to that object, whenever the stock can be procured within the limits, us to price, authorized by law. mcnt For the quarter ending 30th liama Acrcs. September, there were sold, 243,255 Located with bounty I'd war'nts, 1,387,110 Located with other certificates, 18,849 Rep Yd under swamp I'd gr'nts, 2,485,293 At the late session of Congress an oppropriniion was made to defray the cost of tho surveys necessary for determining the host means of affording an unfailing supply ot good and wholesome water. Some progress has been made in the survey, anJ ns soon as it is completed the result will be laid before vou. Our grateful thanks are due to an Allmerciful Providence, not only lor staying the petitionee which in different forms has desolated some of our cities, but for crowuitig the labors of the husbandman withan abundant harvest, and the nation generally with the blessings Of peace and prosperity. Aggregate for the quarter, 4,131,253 Much the larger portion of the lubor of arranging and classifying tho returns ol the last census has been finished, and it will now devolve upon Congress to make the necessary provision for ihe publication of the results in such form as shall bo deemed best. The apportionment of rrp. resentation, on the basis of the new census, has been made by the Secretary of the Interior, in conformity with the provisions of law relating to that subject, and tho recent elections have been made in accordnncc with it. Further appropriations will also be necessary far grading and paving the streets and avenues, and enclosing and embellishing the public grounds within the city a Washington,  I commend all these objects, togetJjjte with the charitablc institutions of the DSP1 trict to your favorable regard. Within a few weeks the public mind has beer, deeply n (Tic ted by the death of ilaiiitl Webster, filling at his decease the office of Secretary of State. His associates in the Executive Government have cincerely sympathized with his fanfily and the public generally on this mournful occasion. His commanding talents, his great political and professional eminence, his well-tried patriotism, and his long and faithful services, in the most important public trusts',' have caused his death :o be lamented throughout the country, an.I have earned fur him a lasting place in our history. The correspondence of the late Secretary of State with the Peruvian Charge d'- Aflairs relative to the L«bos Islands was communicated to Congress toward the close of the last session. Since that time, on further investigation of the subject, the doubts which had been entertained of the title of Peru to those islands have been removed ; and 1 have deemed it just that the temporary wrong Which had been unintentionally done her, from want of informalion, should be repaired by an unreserved acknowledgment of her sovereignty. Early in the present year official notes were received from the Ministers of France and England, inviting the Government of the United Slates to become a party with Great Urituin and Franco to a tripartite Convention, i:: virtue of which the three powers should severally and collectively disclaim, now and for tlio future, all intention to obtain possession of the Island of Cuba, ami should bind themselves to discountenance all attempts to that eflict on the part of any pow er or individual whatever. The invitation has been respectfully declined, for reasons which it would occupy loo much Rpace in this communication to state in detail, but which led me to think that the proposed measure would be of doubtful constitutionality, impolitic and unavailing. 1 have, however, in common with several of my predecessors, directed the Ministers of France and England to be assured that the United States entertain no designs against Cuba ; but that, on the contrary, I should regard its incorporation into the Union ut the present time as fraught with serious peril. country Every effort has been made to protect our frontier, and that of the adjoining Mexican States, from the incursions of the Indian tribes. Of about 11,000 men, ot which the army is composed, nearly 8,000 are employed in the defence of the newly acquired territory, (including Texas,) and of emigrants proceeding thereto. 1 am gratified to say that these efforts have been' unusually successful. With the exceptions of some partial outbreaks in California and Oregon, and occasional depredations on a portion of the Rio Grande, ow. ing, it is believed, to the distSrbed state of that border region, the inroads of the Indians have been effectually rest rained."J 1 commend to your favorable regard the suggestion contained in the report of the Secretary of the Interior, that provision be made bv law for the publication and distribution, periodically, of an analytical digest of all patent* which have been or may hereafter be granted for useful inventions and discoveries, with such descriptions and illustrations as may be rucessary to pr;soi:t an intelligible view of their nature and operation. The cost of such publication could easily be defrayed out of the patent fuud, and ♦ am persuaded fhat it could bo applied to no object more acceptable to inventors and beneficial to the public a: I hbvo the satisfaction to inform you that the course pursued by Peru tins been creditable to the libeiality of her Government. Uefole it was known by her that her title would bo acknowledged at Washington, her Minister of Foreign Affairs had authorized our Charge d'Affaires at Lima to announce to the American vessels which had gone to tin Lobos for guano, that the Peruvian Government w-as willing to freight them on its own account. This intention has been carried into efl'-ct bv the Peruvian Minister here, by an arrangement which is believed to be advantageous to the parlies in interest. In the oourge ot the last summer considerable anxitty was canned lor * short time by an oflieiul intimation Irom the (ioverumsnt of Great Itrituin liiut orders had hisen given for the protection of the Fisheries iijion the coast.* of the British Provinces in Njrth America against the .alleged encroachments ol the fulling vessels of the United Stales and Prunce. The shortness of ibis notice and the season of the year wirnrsd to make it a matter of urgent im- It was at firrDt apprehended that an increased naval force had been ordered to tho fishing grounds to carry into eflect the British interprotation of those provisions in the cinvention of ISIS, in reference to the true intent of which Che two Governments differ, it was soon discovered that such was not the design of Great Britain, cud satisfactory explanations on the real objects of the measure have been given bjth here and i;i London. The vulue of foreign merchandise imported during the last fiscal year, was two hundred and seven millions two huudred and forty thousand one hundred and one dollars, (8207,240,101 ;) and the value of domestic productions exported was one hundred and forty-nino millions eight hundred and sixty-one thousand nine hundred and eleven dollars, (140,861,911 ;) besides seventeen millions two bundled and four thousand and twen'y-slx dollars, (17,204,- 026) of foreign merchandise exported; making tlm aggregate of the entire exports one and six'y-seven millions sixty-five thousand nine hundred and thirty.«even dollars, (9167,065,937 :) exclusive of the above there was exported forty.two millions five hundred and seven thousand two hundred and eighty-five dollars, (842,- 507,285) in specie; and imported from foreign ports five millions two hundred and sixty-two thousand and six hundred and forty-three dollars, (85,262,643.) 1 would also call your gttnntion to the fact the present tariff in some cases imposes a higher duty upon the raw material imported than upon the article manufactured front it, the consequence of which is that the duty operates to the elicouragement of Foreigners and the discouragement of our o» n citizens. Experience has shown, however, that whenever ihe two races ore brought into' contact, collisions will inevitably occur.— To prevent these collisions, the United States have generally set apart portions at their territory for the exclusive occupation of the Indian tribes. A difficulty occur* however, in the application ot this pnlitaHo Texas. By the terms of the compdjBoy which the Siats was admitted into ion, she retained the ownership of jflr* the vacant lands within her limits. The Government of that State, it is understood, lias assigned no portioB of her territory to the Indians; but as fast as her settlements advance lays it of into counties, and proceeds to survey and sell it. This policy manifestly tends, not only to alarm artd irritate the Indians, but to compel them to resort to plunder for subsistence, h also deprives this Government ot that influence and control over them without which no' durable peace can ever exist between them and the whites I trust therfore, that a due regard for her own interests, apart from considerations of humanity and justice, will induce the State to assign a' small portion ol her vast domain for the provisonal occupancy of the small remnants of tribes within her borders, subject of course to her ownership and eventual jurisdiction. If she should fail to do this, the fulfilment of our treaty stipulations, with Mexico, and our duty to tho Indians themselves, will, it is feared, become u subject of serious to tho Government. It is hoped, however, that a timely and just provison by Texas ainy avert this evil. For full and detailed information in regard to the general condition of our Indian affairs, I respectfully refer you to the report of tlje Secretary of the Interior, and the accompanying documents. The Senote'not having thought proper to ratify the treaties which had been negociuted with the tribes of Indians in California and Oregon, our relations wilh them have been left in • very unsatisfactory condition.large, An appropriation of 8100,000 having been made at the last session for the pur. chase of a suitable site, and for the erection, furnishing and fitting up of a suitable Asylum lor tho insane of the District of Columbia, and of the Army and Navy of the United States, the proper measures have been adopted to carry this beniticent measure into eliect. Our settlements on the shores of the Pacific have already given a great extension, and in somo respects a new direction, to our commerce in that ocean. A direct and rapidly increasing intercourse lias sprung i up with Eastern Asia. The waters of the j Northern Pacific, even into the Arctic Sea, j have of lute years been frequented by our i whalemen. The application of steuin to | the general purposes of navigation is daily j becoming more common, and makes it desiiable to obtain fuel and other necessary supplies at convenient points on the route between Asia and our Pacific shores. Our unfortunate countrymen who from time to time suffer shipwreck on the coasts of the Eastern Seas are entitled to protection.— Besides these specific objects, the genernl prosperity of our States on the Pacific requires that an attempt should be mado to open tho opposite regions ot Asia to a mutually beneficial intercourse. It is obvious that this uttcmpt could be made by no power to so great advantage as by tho United States, whose constitutional system oxeludes every idea of distant colonial dependencies. i have accordingly been led to order an appropriate naval force to Japan, under the command of a discreet and intelligent officer of tho highest rank known to our service, lie is instructed to endeavor to obtuin from the Governmont of that country some relaxation of the inhospitable and anti-social system which it has pur. sued for about two centuries, lie has been directed particularly to rcmonstrato in tho strongest language' against the cruel treatment to which our shipwrecked mariners have often been subjected, and to insist that they shall be treated with liumanity. He is instructed, however, at the somo time to give that Government (he amplest assurances that the object of the i United States are such and such only as I C have indicated, and that the expedition is friendly and peaceful. Notwithstanding the jealousy with which the Governments of Eastern Asia regard all overtures from foreigners, I am not without hopes of a beneficial result of the expedition. Slio'd it be crowned with success, the advantages will not be confined to the United States, but, at in Ihe case of China, will be equally enjoyed by all the other maritime powers. I have much satisfaction in stating that in all the steps preparatory to this ox! pedition, the Government of the United ■ States has been materially aided by the good offices of the King of the Netherlands, | the only European power having any commercial relations-with Japan. In passing from this survey of our foreign relations, 1 invite tho attention of Con. gress to the condition of that Department of the G8vernment to which lhi« Urnnoh of the public business is, jnlfUFted, Our intercourse with foreign power* ha« of late years greatly incr*»scrt. I'nih in conse. j quenoe of our own growth (tmi imrCN Were this island comparatively destitute of inhabitants, or occupied by a kindred race, I should regard it, if voluntary ceded by Spain, as a most desirable acquisition. Bui, under existing circumstances, I sho'd look upon its incor|Doratioii into our Union us a veiy hazardous measure. It would bring into the Confcdoriicy a population ol a different national stock, speaking a different language, and not likely to harmonize with the other members. It would probalty effect in a prejudicial manner, the industrial interests of the South; and it might revive those conflicts of opinion between the different sections of the coun. try, which lately shot/k tho Union to i's center, and which have been so happily compromised By the latest advices from the Mexicun Boundary Commission, it appears that the Survey of the river Gila, Irorn its confluence with the Colorado to its supposed intewcction with tho Western line of New Mexico, has been completed. The Survey ot the Kio Grande has also been completed from the point agreed on by the Commissioners as '-the point where it strikes the Southern boundary of New Mexico" to a point one hundred and thirty five miles below Eagle pass, which is about two thirds of the distance along the coutsc of the river to its mouth. In other ports of our territory particular di»tricts have been set apart for the exclusive occupation of the Indians, and their right to the lands within those districts has been acknowledged and respected. But in California and Oregon there has been no recognition by the Government of the exclusive right of the Indians to any part of the country. They are, therefore, mere tenants at sufferance, and liable, to be driven from place to place, at the pleasure of the whites. Tho unadjusted difference, however, bet A'cen llie two Governments as lo the interpretation of the first article of the Con. ventiou of 1818 is ulill a inaltor of impor. unce. American fulling vessels within p-tnooi ten years have been excluded from waters to which they hal free access for twenty-five years aftor the negotiation of the Treaty. In 1815, this exclusion was relaxed so fur as concerns the Bay of Fundy, but the ju«t and liberal intention of the liome Government, in compliance with what we think the true construction of the Convention, to open all the outet bays to our fishermen, was abandoned, in conse. quence ol the opposition of the colonics.— Notwithstanding this, the United States have, sinco the Bay of Fundy was rcopened to our fishermen in 15-15, pursued the most liberal course toward the colonial fishing interests. By the revenue law of 1040, the duties on colonial fish entering our ports were very greatly reduced, and by the warehousing act it is allowed to be entered in bond without payment ol duly, In this way colonial fish has acquired the monopoly of the export trade in our market, and is entering to some extent into the home consumption. These facts were among those which increased the sensibility of our fishing interest, at the movement in question. In my first annual message to Congress, [ called your attention to what seemed to me some defccts in the present Tariff*, und recommended such modifications as in my judgment were best adopted to remedy its evils and promote the prosperity of the country. Nothing has sinco occurred to cliaugc my views on this important question.The treaties which liavo been rejected proposed to remedy this evil by allotting to the'different tribes portionsof country suited to their habits of life, and sufficient for rfa$ir support. This provision, more than atij? other, it is believed, led to their rejection ; and as no substitute for it has beon adopted by Congress, it hus not been deemed advisable to enter into new treaties of a permanent character, although no effort has been spared by temporary arrangements to preserve friendly relutious wilh them. Without repeating the arguments contained iu my former Message, in favor of discriminating, protective duties, 1 deem it my duty to cali your attention to one or two oilier considerations affecting this subject. The first is, the effect of lurge importations of foreign goods upon our currency. Most of the gold of California, as fast as it is coined, finds its way directly to Europe iu payment for goods purchased.- In the second place, as our manufacturing establishments are broken down, by compelition with foreigners, the capital invested in them is lost, thousands of honest and industrious citizens are thrown out of employment, and the farmer to that extent is derived of a home market for the sale of his surplus produce. In the third place, the destruction of our manufactures leaves the foreigner without competition in our mar. ket, und he consequently raises the price of the article sent here for sale, as is now seen in the increased cost of iron imported from England. The prosperity and wealth of uverv nation must depend upon its productive* industry. The farmer is stimulated to exertion by finding a ready market for his surplus products, and benefitted by being able to exchange them, without loss of time or expense of transportation, lor, the manufactures whioh his comfort or convenience requires. This is always done to the best advantage when a portion of the community in which he lives is engaged in other pur. suits. But most manufactures require on amount of- capital and a pi apical skill which cannot be oominanded uhJess they be protected for a time from ruin8us com. petition from abroad. Hence the"necessity for laying those duties upon imported goods which the Constitution authorizes for revenue, in such a manner us to piotect and encourage the labor of our own citizens. Du'.ies, however, should not be fixed so high as to exclude the foreign article, but should lie so graduated as to enable the domestic manufacturer fairly to compete With the foreigner'fn our marHetsj and bv The appropriation which was made ut the last session of Congress for the continuation of the survey is subject to tho following proviso : The rejection by the Mexican Congress of the Convention which had been concluded between that Republic and the United States, for the protection of a transit way across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and ol the interests of iliose citizens of the United States who had become proprietors of the rights which Mexico had conferred on one of her own citizens in regard to that transit, has thrown a serious obstacle in the way of the attainment of a very desirable national object. I am still willing to hope that the differences on the subject which exist, or may hereafter arise, between tho Governments, will be amicably adjusted. This jubject, however, has already engu. ged the attention of the Senate of the United States, and requires no further comment in this communication. "Provided,, That no pnrt of the appro, priation shall be used or expended until it shall be satisfactorily to appear to llic 1'iesident ol tho United States that the Southern boundary of New Mexico is not established by the Commissioner and purveyor oi the United Slates further north than the town of 'Pa.vD,' than the same is laid down in Disturnell'a map, which is added to the treaty," If it be tho desire of Congress to remove them from the country altogether, or to assign to tliein particular districts more remote from the settlements of the whites, it will bo proper to set apart by law the territory which they are to occupy, and to provide tho means neopssary for removing them to it. Justice to our own citizens and to the Indians requires the prompt action of Congress on this subject. The amendments proposed by the Senate to the treaties nogociatcd with the Sioux Indians of Minnesota, have been submitted to the tribes who were parties to them, and have received their assent. A large tract of valuuble territory has thus been oppned for settlement and cultivation, and all danger of collision with these powerful and warliko bands has been happily removed. The removal of the remnant of the Seminole tribe of Indians from Florida hat long been a cherished object of the government, and it is one to which my attention has been steadily directed. Admonished by past experience of the difficulty and cost of the attempt to remove them by military force, resort has been hod to conoilliatory measures. By the invitation of tho Commissioner of Indian Aflairs, several of tho principal chiefs recently visited Washington, and whilst there acknowledged in writing tho obligation of their tribe to remove wi»li the least possible delay. Late advices from the special agent of the Government that they adhere to their promise, t;nd that a ootincil of their jSeoplfl hat been called to'ifiake their preliminary My attention was drawn to this suljrct ' ly a report from tlio Department of the In- . lerior, which reviewed all the fuels of the ; case, and submitting to my decision, the | question whether, under existing circumstances, any part of tho appropriation could be used or expended for the further prosecution of the work. Alter a careful consideration of the the conclusion that itjiould not, and so  ed the head fit that Department. Orders were immediately issued by him to the Commissioner and Surveyer to niuke no further requisitions on the Department, us they could not be pnid ; and to discontinue all operations on the Southern line of New Mexico. But aw the Department had no exaot information as to the amount of provisions and money which remained unexpended in the hands of the Commisxioncr and Surveyor, it was left discretionary ; with them to continue the survey down tlib j Rio Grande as far as the moans at their | disposal would enable them, or at once to \ disband the Commission. A special messenger has since arrived from the officer in ' charge of the survey on the river, with information tlist the funds subject 10 his control Were exhausted, and that the orticors and others employed in the service were destitute alike of the means of prosecuting tho work, and of returning to their homes. The object of the proviso was doubtless to arrest the survey of the southern and ; No appropriation for fortifications were made at the two last sessions nf Congress. The causo of this omission is probably, to. be found in a growing belief that tho svs-, tern of fortifications adopted in 1810, and' hertofore actcd on, requires revision, The selilemcnt of the question respectiug the port of San Juan de Nicaragua anil of the controversy between the republics of Costa Rica and Nicaragua in regard to their boundaries, was considered indispensable to the commencement of the ship canal between the two oceans, which was the subject of the Convention bftweon the United Slates and Great Britain of the 19th ol'April, 1850. Accordingly a proposition for the same purposes addressed to the two Governments in that quarter, and to the Mosquito Indians, was agreed to in April last by the Secretary of State and the Minister of Her Bri'.annic Majesty. Be. sides the wish to aid in reconciling the differences ol tho two Republics, I engaged lu the negotiation Irooi a desire to plaoe the greni work of u ship canal between the two oceans under one jurisdiction, and to es. tablith trie important port ot San Juan de Nicaragua under the government of a civ. llized power. The proposition in question was assented to by Costa Rica und the Mosquito Indians. It has not proved equally acceptable jo Nicaragua, but it is to be hoped that the further negotiations on the subjoor, which arc in traip, will-be carried on in that spirit of uonejliatipn and com- The su'j';et ceriainly deserves full and" careful investigation ; but it should not bo' delayed longer than can be avoided. In -the meantime there are certain works which have been ■ commenced—some of them nearly completed—designed to protect our principle seaports from Boston to New.Orleans, and a lew other important points. In re»ard to the necce«sity foe these works, it is believed that little diffcr. eniie in opinion exists among military men. I therefore recommend the appropriations necessary to prosecute them be inade. These circumstances, and the incidents above alluded to, have led me to think the moment favorable for a reconsideration of tho entire subject of the fisheries on the coasts of the Britsh provinces, a viow to place them upon a more liberal footing j of reciprocal privilege. A willingness to j meet us it) some arrangement of this kind is understood to exist, on the part of Great' Britain, with a desire on her part to in- ] cludo in ono comprehensive settlement, as well this .subject as the commercial intercourse between the United States and the British Provinces. I have thought that whatever arrangements may be made on these two subjects, it is expedient that they should be embraced in separate conventions. Tho illness and death of the late Secretary of State prevented the commencement of the contemplated negotiation. Pains have been taken to collect the information required for the details of such an arrangement. Tho subjeot is attended with considerable difficulty. If it is found practicable to come lo an agreement mutually acceptable to the two parties, conventions may be ooholudcd in the course oft tl.e pi'miit winter.. The control of 1 invite your attention to the remarks on this subject, and of others connected with his department, contained in the adcompanying report of tho Secretary of War, Mbasures have been taken to carry into effect the law of the last session, making provision for the improvement of certain rivers and harbors, ahd it is believed that tho arrangements made for that purpose will combine efficiency with cconomy.— Owing dhieflv to the advanced season when' the act was passdd, little hus vtt'beon done in regard to many of the works beyond making the neoessary preparations.. Withe respect to a few of the improvements,- theDJ