Pittston Gazette

              f PITTSTON, LUZERNE CO., PA., FRIDAY, FhBRUARY 7, 1890. "J'.r"""?"! Oldest f'ewsoaDer in the Wyoming Valley. A Weeidy Local and Family Journal. THE TARIFF. through teener energy or more troublesome conscience iu production, you have no similar suffering in America. ■jtuHMi comers witnout toe queen, dj protection sbo makes a bad move, which helps us to mako fight, and ties a heavy clog upon her feet, so that the most timid among us need not now to greatly dread her competition in the international trade of the world. WAS GREAT BRITAIN MERELY SELFISH? American steel tor locomotive tires, ot as good quality as the English steel formerly imported, is furnished at four and threequarter cents per pound and delivered free of cost at the point where the locomotives are manufactured. IN THE HOLY LAND. which has done much service in the Sunday school. We collected many beautiful pebbles before we left this interesting place, from a variety of every conceivable shape and color, which brightens uo the beach and renders it a ereat temptation to stay long. Tbis we were not able to do, for Dr. TaImage was impatient of longer delay, his work of collecting notes for his "Life of Christ" keeping him constantly busy, and we were soon again in the saddle, our beautiful Arabian horses leaving rapidly behind them what the Brooklyn divine graphically described as the "crystal sarcophagus of the burled cities." I must return here to something that happened earlier in the day. On our way to the Dead sea, shortly after we had started out in the morning, and while at modern Jericho—a wretched village of mud houses and hedged about -with thorns—Dr. Talmage was greeted warmly by a group of gentlemen, some of them Americans, who were making a protracted stay in the Holy Land. One of them, who was from Boston, introduced himself as the author of a volume which criticises severely some of Dr. Talmage's sermons. Hs hoped, however, that this fact would not prevent the doctor from permitting him to make one of the party as far as the Jordan. Dr. Talmage consented cordially to this arrangement, which included an invitation to the companionship of all the Bostonian's friends. Our new acquaintances proved themselves to be men of considerable attainments, well acquainted with the country through which we were traveling and thoroughly well up in its biblical associations. Their entertaining conversation ad led much to the interest of the trip. After a while one of them, who is a resident of Manhattan, Kan., inquired of Dr. Talmage whether he would consent to baptize him by immersion in the River Jordan. The gentleman had on various occasions heard Dr. Talmage preach. He said that he had a high regard for him and would consider it a great privilege to have him perform the sacred ceremony. Dr. Talmage at once agreed to do so, and appointed 3 p. m. as the time for the immersion. Locis Klopsch. able and inconceivable sort, brandishing swords and antiquated pistols. Their antics were exciting but harmless. As they knew but one tune and that tune set,as it seemed to me, to but two places in tho F"ale. its frequent repetition soon made the performance monotonous. So we nailed a bait and asked that the women performers take their turn. Our wish was obeyed, but did not bring relief, for they went through the same performance a# that of the men. DH. T A IMAGE'S TRIP. During the last thirty years of her protective system, and especially during the twenty years from 1820 to 1846, Great Britain increased her material wealth beyond all precedent' in the commercial history of the world. Finally, with a vast capital accumulated, with a low rate of interest established, and with a manufacturing power unequaled, the British merchants wero ready to underbid all rivals in seeking for the trade of the world. , There is yet another point which I cannot pass without notice. I have not admitted that protection keeps at home any capital which would otherwise go abroad. But 1 now for the moment accept and reason upon the assumption that this is effected. And I ask—indeed, by the force of argument I may almost require—you to make an admission to me which is of the most serious character, namely, this: that there is a great deal of capital undoubtedly kept at homo by protection, not for the purpose of dear production, which is partial waste, bnt for another kind of waste, which is sheer and* absolute and totally uncompensated. This is tho waste incurred in the great work of distributing commodities. If the price of iron or of cotton cloth is increased 50 per cent by protection, thea the capital required by every wholesale and every retail distributor must be increased in tho same proportion. The distributor is not and cannot be, in his auxiliary and essentially domestic work, protected by an-import duty, any more than can the scavenger or the chimney sweep. The import duty adds to the price he pays, and consequently to the circulating capital which he requires in order to carry on this traffic; but it adds nothing to the rate of profit which he receives, and nothing whatever to the employment which he gives. This forced increment of capital sets in motion no labor, and is compelled to work in the uncovered field of open trade. It has not the prima facie apology (such as that apology may be) which the iron maker or the mill owner may make, that he is employing American labor which would not otherwise be employed. If the waste under a protective duty of 50 per cent, be a waste of 60 per cent., tho waste of thojextra capital required in distribution is a waste of 100 per cent, on the cost of the operation; for It accomplishes absolutely nothing on behalf of the community which would not be accomplished equally if the commodity were 50 per cent, less in price; just as the postman distributing letters at * shilling performs ifo better or Other service than the postman distributing letters at a penny. But of distributors the name is legion; they constitute the vast army of the wholesale and retail tradesmen of a country, with all the wants appertaining to them. As consumers, they are taxed on' all protected commodities; as the allies of producers in the business of distributing, they are forced to do with more capital what could be done as well The Great Issue Discussed by The Interesting Trip of Rev. HE SUMS UP WHAT HE HAS SEEN Again, the international position of America may, in a certain light, be illustrated by comparing together the economical conditions under which coal has been produced in the different districts of this island. The royalty upon coal represents that surplus over and above estimated trading pro&t from * mino which tho lessee can afford to pay the landlord. In England, generally, royalties have varied from about sixpence a ton to ninepeuce in a few cases; scarcely ever higher. But in Staffordshire, owing to the existence of a remarkable coal measure, called the tenyard coal, and to the presence of ironstone abundantly interstratified with the coal, the royalty has often amounted to no less than three shillings. This excess has a real analogy to the surplus bounty of Mother Earth in America. And when I see her abating somewhat of her vast advantages through the of protection, I am reminded of the curious fact that this unusual abundance of the mineral made the getting of it in Staffordshire singularly wasteful, and that fractions, and no small fractions, of the tenyard coal are now irrecoverably buried in the earth, like the tribute which America has been paying to her protected interests. These illustrations might be indefinitely multiplied. In woolens, in cotton, in leather fabrics, in glass, in products of lead, of brass, of copper; indeed, in the whole round of manufactures, ft will be found that protection has brought down the price from the rate charged by the importers before protection had built up the competing manufacture in America. For many articles wv pay less than is paid in Europe. If we pay higher for other things than is paid across the sea today, figures plainly indicate that we pay leas than we Aiould have been compelled to pay if the protective system had not been adopted; and I beg Mr. Gladstone's attention to the fact that the American people have much more wherewith to pay than they ever had or could liave under free trade. IN THE HOLY LAND. Blaine and Gladstone. T. De Witt Talmage. Tlia Journey In Pal«stine and Syria and on Waters Surrounded with Biblical Amociations—Discomfort* of th« Trip IT Pad J A BATTLE OF THE GIANTS. JERUSALEM TO THE JORDAN At that moment Great Britain had reason to feel supremely content. The traffic of the world seemed prospectively in her control. Could this condition of trade have continued, no estimate of the growth of England's wealth would bo possible. D«c««lnr Day* In Palastin*—Delightful Good for His IJfc of Christ. The North American Review Presents the Trartl oil Arabian Hi _ At the end of their indescribable antics, however, one of them, a half unbosomed, wild looking woman of about 45 years old, approached Dr. Talmage with a fierce look, and nearly etartled him off his seat by putting her lips close to his ear and blowing into it;with shocking unexpectedness a shrill, blood curdling thrill that seemed to pierce the very center of his nervous system. Then going over to each member of the party, she gave us, one by one, the fuil benefit of her lungs in like manner. We suffered less than the doctor, as we were prepared by his experience to anticipate what ours would be. This matter done, we paid the sheik twenty-two fnines, which he promised to invest on the morrow in wheat and rice, and to divide his purchases in equSl shares among the performers. Then our visitors quietly withdrew and we saw them 110 more. CoxsTA?TTiNopr.fi, January, 1890.—Oa leaving America I addressed some words of farewell to my sormouic roader3, and now, on my way home, I. write this letter of salutation which, will probably reach you about tha Monday that will And me on the Atlantic ocean, from which I cannot reach you with tho usual sermou. I have completed the journey of inspection for which I came. Others may Write a life of Christ without seeing the Holy Land. I did not feel competent for such a work until I had seen with ray own eyes the sacred places, and so I left homo and church and native country for a most arduous undertaking. I have visited all tho scenery connected with our Lord1! history. The whole journey has been to me a surprise, an amazement, a grand raptors or a deep solemnity. I have already sent to America my Holy Land observations for my Life of Christ, and they were written on horseback, 011 muleback, on camelback, an ship's deck, by Jim candle in tent, in mud hovel of Arab village, amid the ruins of old cities, on Mount of Beatitudes, on beach of Genesareth, but it wiH take twenty years of sermons to tell what I have seen and felt on this journey thcough Palestine and Syria. All things have combined to make oar tour instructive and advantageous. The Atlantic, and Mediterranean, and Adriatic, and an, and Dardanelles, and Marmora seas havs treated us well. Since we left New York we have had but a half day and one night of storm, and that while crossing Mount Harmon. But let only those in robust health attempt to go the length of Palestine and Syria 011 horseback. I do not think it is because of the unhealth of the climate in the Holy Land that so many have sickened and died here or afterward as a result of visiting these lands, but because of the fatigues at travel. The number of milaa gives no indication of the exhaustions of the way. 4. hundred and fifty miles in Palestine and Syria on horseback demand as much physical strength as four hundred miles on horseback in regions of easy journey. Because of the near two months of blight sunlight by day and bright moonlight or starlight by night, the half day of Btorm was to U3 the more memorable. It. was about noon of Dec. 18 that the tempest struck us and drenched the mountains. One of the horses falls and we halt amid a blinding rain. It is freezing cold. Fingers and feet like ice. Two hours and three-quarters before encampment. We ride on in silence, longing for the terminus of today's pilgrimage. It is, through the awful inclemency of the weather, the only dangerous day of the journey. Slip and Slide and stumble and climb and descend we most, sometimes on the horse and sometimes off, until at last we halt in the bovel of a village, and instead of entering camp for the night we are glad to find this retreat from the storm. It is a house bf one story, built out of mnd. My room is covered with a roof of goats' hair. A feeble fire mid-flow, but no chimney. It is the best house of the village. Arabs, young and old, stand around in wonderment as to why we come. There is no window fn the room, but two little openings, one over the door, the other in the wall, through which latter opening I occasionally fln.i an Arab face thrust to see how I am progressing. But the door is open, so I have some light. This is an afternoon and night never to be forgotten for . its exposures and acquaintance with the hardships of what an Arab considers luxurious apartment. I sat that night by a fire the smoke of which finding no appropriate {Slace of exit took lodgment in my nostrils and eyes. For the first time in my lifo I realized that chimney were a luxury, but not a necessity. The only adornments in this room were representations of two tree branches in the mud of the wall, a circle supposed to mean a star, a bottle hung from the ceiling, and about twelve indentations in the wall to be used as mantels for anything that may be placed there. This storm was not a surprise. Through pessimistic prophets we had expected that at this season we should have rain and snow and hail throughout our journey. For the moat part it has been sunshine and tonic atmosphere, and not a moment has our journey been hindered. Gratitude to God is with us the dominant emotion. Views of the Two Statesmen on Free Samaritan's Inn—At the Brook Charltb. of Two Great Intellects. Trade and Protection—Keen Encounter Jarlaho—Cam plug Oat—Kabo and Pta- I But England was dealing with an intelligene* equal to her own. The American people had, by repeated ezperienco, learned that the periods of depression in home manufactures were those in which England most prospered in her commercial relations with the Uaited States, and that these periods of depression had, with a single exception, easily explained, followed the enactment by congress of a free trade tariff, as cortainly as effect follows causa One of the most suggestive experiments of that kind had its origin in the tariff to which I have just referred, passed in 1840 in apparent harmony with England's newly declared financial policy. At that moment a southern president (Mr. Polk) and • southern secretary of the treasury (Mr. Bobert J. Walker) were far more interested in expanding the area of slave territory than in advancing home manufactures, and were especially, eager to make commercial exchanges with Europe ou the somewhat difll cult basis of cotton at high prices and return ing fabrics at low prices. rah—The House of laMhwi. The North American Review for January presents two papers that have attracted the attention of the civilized world. With extraordinary and jnost commendable enterprise Gen. Bryce, the editor, secured from Mr. Gladstone an expression of his views on the long debated issue of Protection vs. Free Trade. Impressed by its ability, he then secured a reply by Secretary Blaine; and Mr. Gladstone most courteously consented to their simultaneous publication, the secretary to have the privilege of examining the British Statesman's paper. As will readily be seen, this gives Mr. Blaine some advantage, but the argument on both sides is indeed able. The following extracts give only tho most salient points. [Copyright, 1880, by Louis Bopech, New Tort] Nazareth, Dec. 18.—People who visit Palestine in the spring, when the hillsides and the valleys are green and the trees covered with luxuriant foliage, have delightful experiences, no doubt, but from what I hear and my own thorough enjoyment of my trip I am strongly of the opinion that now is the best time of the year for the stranger in the Holy Land. As Dr. Talmage put* it: "Nature now has her gloves off.'" In these clear days of December one gets at things with a single glance. Hill and valley are clearly defined, and brook and river are seen unobstructed by the leaves of bordering trees. Ruins, fruitful in historic suggestion, stand out in the bareness which is the aptest expression of their bald antiquity. In the important matter of personal comfort, moreover, it is an immeasurable relief to be spared the torments inflicted in the warmer season of tho year by fleas, flies and other creatures, insectile and of larger kind. These, as many a much persecuted traveler might attest, make life almost intolerable in the hot months. We happily escape their inflictions, and at the same time have a positive pleasure in the climate. December in Palestine is a luxury. The sun shines just warm enough to be agreeable, and the wind is only cool enough to be refreshing and bracing. Mr. Gladstone boldly contends that "keeping capital at home by protection is dear production, and is a delusion from top to bottonj." 1 take direct ismie with him on that proposition Between 1S70 and the present unparalleled railroad construction. time considerably more than 100,000 mite of railroad Save been built in the United States. Tho steel rail and other metal connected therewith involved so vast a sum of money that it could not have, been raised to send out of the country in gold coin. The total cost could not have been less than $3,000,000,000. We had a large interest to pay abroad on the public debt, and for nine years after 1870 gold was at a premium in the United States. During these years nearly 40,000 miles of railway were constructed, and to import English rail and pay for it with gold bought at a large premium would have been Impossible. A very large proportion of the railway enterprises would of neceaity have been abandoned if the export of gokito pay for the rails had been the condition precedent to their construction. But the manufacture of steel rails at home gave an Immense stimulus to business. Tens of thousands of men were paid good wages, and great investments and great enrichments followed the line of the new road and opened to the American people large fields for enterprise not theretofore accessible. BRITISH FBXXDOM HELPS AMERICA. Trade is, in one respect at least, like mercy. It cannot be carried on without conferring a double benefit. Again, trade cannot be increased without increasing this benefit, and increasing it (in the long run) cm both sides alike. Freedom has enormously extended oar trade with the countries of the world, and, above all others, with the United States. It follows that they have derived immense benefit, that their waste has been greatly repaid ed, their accumulations largely augmented, through British legislation. We legislated for our own advantage, and are satisfied with the benefit we have received. But it is a fact, and a fact of no small dimensions, which, m estimating the material development of America, cannot be lost sight of. MR. GLADSTONE'S VIEWS. The existing difference of practice between America and Britain with respect to free trade and protection of necessity gives rise to a kind of international controversy on their respective merits. To interfere from aorosB the water in such a controversy is an act which may wear the appearand of iaapertinence.During our encampment at Jericho we drank from the well of which tradition says it was the one the waters bf which were miraculously sweetene'd by the prophet Elisha. On the morning of our departure for Jerusalem we visited the well itself, which was pouring forth an inexhaustible supply of the purest water in all Palestine. We lunched the second time at the Good Samaritan's inn, after which we pushed on to Bethany, situated about two miles from Jerusalem. The name means "The House of Poverty," which aptly describes it as it is now. There are perhaps forty mud houses in the village, lying sleepily four hundred feet below the summit of" the Mount of Olives. Under ordinary circumstances the free trade tariff of 1840 would have promptly fallen under popular reprobation aud been doomed to speedy repeal. But it had a singu lar history and for a time was generally acquiesced in, even attaining in many sections a oertain degree of popularity. Never did any other tariff meet with so many and so great aids of an adventitious character to sustain it as did this enactment of 1846: California's gold, our war with Mexico and the Crimean war. The export of manufactures from Eng land and Frauce was checked; the breadstuffs of Russia were blockaded and could not reach the markets of the world. An extraordinary stimulus was thus given to all forms of trade in the United States. For ten years—1846 to 1856— these adventitious aids came in regular succession and exerted their powerful influence apon the prosperity of the country. The constant tenor of the argument is this: high wages by protection, low wages by free trade. It is even as the recurring burden of a song. And I can state with truth that I have heard this very same melody before; nay, that I am faiptliar with it It comes to us now with a pleasant novelty; but once upon a time we British folk were surfeited, nay, almost bored to death, with it. It is ■imply the old song of our squires, which they sang with perfect assurance to defend the corn law*. Protectionists terrify the American workman by threatening him with the wages of his British comrade, precisely as the English landlord coaxed our rural laborers, when we used to get our best wheats from Oantzig, by exhibiting the starvation wages of the Polish peasant. These arguments were made among as, in the alleged interest of labor and of capital, just as they are now employed by you; for America may at present be said to diet on the cast off reasonings of English protectionism.In no country, I suppose, has there been so careful a cultivation of the inventive faculty, and in America the scarcity of labor has, in truth, supplied the great republic with an essential element of severe and salutary discipline. Thus it haa come about that a race endued with consummate ability for labor has also become the richest of all race* in instruments for dispensing with labor. The grain growers of the west and the cotton growers of the south will observe that Mr. Gladstone holds out to them a cheerful prospect I They "should produce mora cereals and more cotton at low prices"l Mr. Gladstone evidently considers the present prices of cereals and cotton as "high priegg." Protectionists owe many thanks to Mr. Gladstone for his outspoken mode of dealing with this question of free trade. He gives us his conclusions without qualification and without disguise. The American free trader is not so sincere, lie' is ever presenting half truths and holding back the other half, thus creating false impressions and leading to false conclusions. The western farmer's instinct is wiser than Mr. Gladstone's philosophy The farmer knows that the larger the home market the better are his prices, and that aa the home market is narrowed his prtoes fall. ! The trip we made from Jerusalem to the Jordan was aa pleasant in realization as a fairy tale is in contemplation. Glorious were the hills crowned with light, beautiful the valleys and crystalline tl ■ waters of the streams dashing through them. By day the skies radiant with sunshine and by night resplendent with stars. The house said to stand on the site of the one once lived in by Mary and Martha and Lazarus was visited by us as a matter of course. There Dr. Talmage read those passages in the Gospel of St. John relating to the home of the people who were Jesus' closest friends. We then descended to the tomb reputed to be that whence Lazarus came at the command of him "who is the resurrection and the life." It is probable that the real tomb of Lazarus was nearer Jerusalem, where several caves are to be seen answering the evangelist's description closely, while the tomb on exhibition is quite .-an artificial looking place* The house of Simon the leper is said to have stood near the tomb we visited, and many stones are pointed out as actually having been part of the structure, the principal room in which was once filled with the odor of precious ointment poured on the Saviour's head. We spent fifteen minutes in the Garden of Gethsemane, or what is now known by that title. It is an inclosure of considerable size, laid out in flower beds, with olive trees here and there. Seven trees within a railing are said to have been the exact ones under which our Lord "sweat as it were great drops of blood," but as Titus had all trees surrounding Jerusalem cut down, the de-. vout Franciscans who first made the claim for the aged trees aforesaid were probably mistaken. The garden fc entered from the Mount of Olives side; that oue of its walls facing Jerusalem has no doorway. Louis Klopsch. with less. But the view of the genuine protectionist I understand to be that protection is a mine of wealth; that a greater aggregate profit results from what you would call keeping labor and capital at home than from letting them seek employment wherever in the whole world they can find it most economically. But if there be this inborn fertility in the principle itself, why are the several states of the Cnion precluded from applying it within their own respective borders? If the aggrogate would be made richer by this internal application of protection to the parts, why is it not so applied! On the other hand, if the country, as a whole, would by this device be made hot richer, but poorer, through die interference with the natural laws ofC production, then how is it that by similar interference the aggregate of the states, the great commonwealth of America, can be mado, in its general balance sheet, not poorer, but richer! PROTECTION CANNOT WORK IMPARTIALLY. It is thus obvious enough that a remarkable faculty and habit of Invention, which goes direct to cheapness, help* to fill up that gap in your productive reeolts which is The withdrawal or termination of these Influences, by a treaty of peace in Europe and by tbe surcease of gold from California, brought a widespread financial panic, which involved th* ruin of thousands. Including proportionately as many in tbe south as in the north. Nazabxth, Dec. 1M.—The Jordan! Ur. Talmage was filled with solemn joy on beholding its sweet and crystal flood. Near the place when we encamped Elijah and Elisha crossed the bed of the river dry shod before the translation of the senior prophet, and the younger one after his master had been taken away from him by celestial messengers. The whole neighborhood was suggestive of God's -wonderful dealings with the children of Israel It seemed as if Sabbath reigned perpetually in the valley through which the sacred river runs, so calm and peaceful was the scene. created by the of protection. The leakage hi the national cistern is more than compensated by the efficiency of the pumps that supply it. Bat we broke down every protective wall and "flooded the country" (so the phrase than ran) with the corn and the commodities of the whole world; with the corn of America first and foremost But did our rate of wages thereupon rink to the level of the continent! No; it roee steadily and rapidly to a point higher t£an it had been ever known before. America mfckes no scruples,then, to cheapen everything ia which labor is concerned, because this is the road to national wealth. Therefore, she has no mercy upon labor, bat displaces it right and left. Yet when we come to- the case where capital is most in question, she enables her ship builders, bar Iron masters and her mill owners to charge double or semi-double prices; which, if her •practice as to labor saving be right, must be the road to national poverty. H converso, if she bo right in shutting out foreign ships and goods to raise the receipts of the American capitalist, why doee she not tax the reaping machine to raise the receipts of the American laborer! The Americas people had twice before, passed through a similar experience. On the eve of tbe war of 1813, oongrc-s guarded the national strength by enacting a highly protective tariff. By its own terms this tariff must end with the war. When the new tariff Was to be formed, a popular cry arose against "war duties," though th«f£ountry had prospered under them despite the exhausting effect of the struggle with Great Britain. But the prayer of the people was answered, and the war-duties were dropped from tbe tariff of 1816. The business of the country was speedily prostrated. TUo people were soon reduced to as great distress as in that melancholy period between the cIom of the Revolutionary war and the organization of tbe national government—1783 to 1789. AMSaiCA HAS BAD AltPLE BXPKEIXNCIL We left Jerusalem by the Jaffa gate, our horses pawing the ground impatiently as eager to begin the journey. Being the pioneer party of the season, we rode animals which were thoroughly rested and fresh for good service. The ladies wore no wraps and the gentlemen no overcoats. Our Calcutta hats shielded our eyes against the ravs of the sun. Mr. Gladstone makes another statement of great frankness and of great value. Comparing tbe pursuits in the United States which require no protection with those that are protected, he says: "No adversary will, 1 think, venture upon saying that the profits are larger In protected than In unprotected industries." This is very true, and Mr. Gladstone may be surprised to hear that tbe constant objection made by American free traders against the "protected industries," as he terms them, is that the profits derived from them are illegitimately large. Mr. Gladstone makes another contention. In which, from the Ameriaan point of view, he leaves out of sight a controlling factor, and hence refers an effect to the wrong causa Regarding tbe advance of wages In England, he says: "Wages which have been partially and relatively higher under protection have become both eenerallv and absolutely higher, ana greatly higher, under free trade." i do not doubt the fact, but I venture to suggest that such advance In wages as there has been In England Is referable to another and a palpable cause—namely, tbe higher wages in tbe United States, which have constantly tempted British mechanics to emigrate, and which would have tempted many more if the inducement of an advance in wages at home had not been interposed. GREAT GAINS O* TBS BRITISH WORKMAN. Leaving the visitation of th« Mount of Olives, the Garden of Gtethsemane, the Valley of Jehosliapbat and Bethany, the home of Mary and Martha and Lazarus, for a more convenient season we passed on, making our first stop, that for lunch, at the Good Samaritan's inn. This, more correctly described, is the old Hathrur Khan. It is situated about half way between Jerusalem and Jericho, and is in a ruinous condition. There is nothing to question the probability that on the same site on which it stands was situated the inn to which the neighborly Samaritan conveyed the poor fellow who had fallen among thieves. The region thereabout is desolate, and the way affords opportunities of ambush convenient to the operations of highwaymen. Our Lord knew tho placo well, for it was on the road taken by Galilean travelers on their way to and from Jerusalem. There is sufficient of biblical interest in the spot without giving way to credulity, and the visitor suffers nothing by quietly declining to accept as well authenticated all the stories told him of the various places he sees. It was enough for us to find in the ruinous khan an opportunity of repose and refreshment, and to reflect that it occupies in all probability the sit* of the inn existing in the time of our Lord, to which he made reference in tbe beautiful narrative of tho Good Samaritan, ani where be perhaps often rested •while in his errands of good will tb men. Mr. Giffen, of the board of trade, whose careful disquisitions are known to command the publio confidence, supplies us with tables which compare the wages of 1833 with those of 1883 in such a way as to speak for the principal branches of industry. The wages of miners, we learn, have increased in Staffordshire (which almost certainly is the mining district of lowest increment) by 50 per cent. In the great exportable manufactures of Bradford and Huddersfield tho lowest augmentations are SO and 30 per cent, and in other branches they rise to 50, 83, 100, and even to 150 and 160 per cent The quasidomestic trades of carpenters, bricklayers and masons in the great marts of Glasgow and Manchester show a mean increase of 63 per cent tor the first, 65 per cent for the second, and 47 per cent for the third. The lowest weekly wage named for an adult is twenty-two shillings (as against seventeen shillings in 1833), and the highest thirty-six shillings. But it is the relative rate with which we have to do; and, as the American writer appears to contemplate with a peculiar dread the effect of free trade upon shipping, I further quote Mr. Giffen on the monthly wagee of seamen in 1833 and 1883 in Bristol, Glasgow, Liverpool and London. The percentage of increase, since we have passed from the protective system of the navigation law into free trade, is in Bristol 66 per cent, in Glasgow 55 per cent, in Liverpool (for different classes) from 25 per cent to 70 per cent, and in London from 45 per cent to 60 per cent No such return, at once exact and comprehensive, can be supplied in the case of the rural workman. But here the facts are notorious. We are assured that there has been an universal rise (somewhat checked, I fear, by the recent agricultural distress), which Caird and other authorities place at 00 per cent Together with this increase of pay there has been a general diminution of the hours of work, which Mr. Giffen places at one-fifth. If we make this correction upon the comparative table, we shall find that the cases are very few in which the increment does not range as high as from 50 and towards 100 per cent While waiting for the lunch tent to be raised several of our party washed in the river, remembering as they did so how Naaman dipped seven times in its waters and the rich reward of his faith. The day was superbly fine, as were all its predecessors while we were in Palestine. But in America, besides the jealously palisaded field of dear production, thero is a vast open expanse of cheap production, namely, iu the whole mass (to speak roughly) of the agricultural products of the country, not to mention such gifts of the earth as its mineral oils. In raising these the American capitalist will flud the demand of the world unexhausted, however he may increase the supply. Why, then, is he to carry his capital abroad when there is profitable employment for it at home! If protection is necessary to keep American capital at home why is not the vast capita) now sustaining your domestic agriculture, and raising commodities for sale at free trad* prices, exported to other countries! Or, conversely, since vast capitals find an unlimited field for employment in cheap domestic production without protection, why is it demonstrated that protection is not required in order to keep your capital at home! ENGLAND NOT TET FREE ENOUGH. I have still to notice one remaining point I do not doubt that production is much cheapened in America by the absence of all kinds of class legislation except that which is termed protection; an instance alike vicious and gigantic, but still an instance only. In our British legislation, the interest of the individual or the class still rather largely prevails against that of the public. In America, as I understand the matter, the public obtains full and equal justice, I take for example the case of the railroads; that vast creation, one of almost universal good to mankind, now approaching to one-tenth or one-twelfth of our entire national poeeeeskms. Relief came at last with tbe enactment of the protective tariff of 1834, to tbe support of which leading meu of both parties patriotically united for tbe common good. That act, supplemented by the act of 1828, brought genuine prosperity to the country. After lunch we rested awhile, and then preparations were made for the coming baptism. Copies of tbe hymn beginning "On Jordan's stormy bank I stand" were prepared by the ladies of the party; the toga of our Arab sheik was borrowed to serve as a baptismal robe for Dr. Talmage, while the candidate secured for his own use an outfit from one of the servants. Everything being in readiness, the clergyman and the candidate advanced to the water's edge, the other members of the party forming a semicircle about them. Dr. Talmage made an invocation, and then read the story of the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan by John, from the third chapter of the Gospel of St. Matthew. Afterward all present joined in singing the hymn selected and copied, as above related. Dr. Talmage then said; "In this historic river, which parted three times to let God's people pass dryshod, and in which Naaman plunged seven times for healing from dire disease, and from the banks of which Elijah ascended in equi- Cge 6f fire, and in which Christ was ptized, and which for ages has been the symbol of the division bfetween earth and heaven, I now baptize thee." Sectional jealousy and partisan zeal could not endure tbe great development of manu factures ia the north and east which followed the apparently firm establishment of the protective policy Out of this strange complication came the sacrifice of the protective tariff of 1&44-3S and the substitution of the com promise tariff of 1833, which established an ad valorem duty of 30 per cent, on all imports, and reduced the excess over that by a 10 per eeot. annual sliding scale for the ensuing ten year*. It is believed that in tary expenditure, and in abnormal prices paid for land, the railways of this oountry were taxed to between fifty and hundred millions sterling beyond the natural coat of their creation. Thus does the spirit of protection, only shifting its form, still go ravening about among us. Nothing ia socommob here as to receive compensation, and we get it not only for injuries, but for benefits. Bat while the great nation of the Union rightly rejoices in her freedom from our superstitions, why should she desire, create and worship new superstitions of her own! parliamen- Unpleasant and Dangerous. No adversary will, I think, venture upon answering thU by saying that the profits are larger in protected than in unprotected industries, because the best opinions seem to testify that in your protected trades profit# are hard pressed by wages. When the mercury shrinks below zero and everything exposed to the weather is coated with ice, people are apt to think of the sailors, but there is another class of men, almost equally exposed, whose sufferings are overlooked. These are the brakemen on the railroad trains, especially those on mountain roads. During a late ice storm the tops of the cars were aa slippery as glass, and on the White Mountain division of the Maine Central it was impossible to stand, and all the men could do was to crawl along the running board. A brakeman who went on a train of thirty-seven cars said that in passing from car to car he tried to retain a bit of standing room on the car he was about to quit, even while Reaching out for the other. The chance of drawing back in safety wasn't much, he was willing to admit, but small rfs it was he felt like having it in reserve. Many of the western cars, too, were sadly out of repair, and when the brake was set off it would fly again. The swaying of the can coming down the mountain sometimes makes timid passengers nervous when safely inside a car. Think of going across the tops, when those roofs are covered with ice find the sleet is blowang and freezing in one's face!—Lewiston Journal. Tlie apprehension of evil soon becarno general, public confidence was shaken, the panic of 1837 ensued, and business reversals w ere rapid, general aud devastating. There was no relief to the people until the protective tariff of l&U was enacted; and then the beneficent experience of 1824 was repeated on even a more extensive scale. Prosperity, wide and general, was at once restored Daring this long period free trade tariffs were thrice followed by industrial stagnation. bv financial embarrassment, by distress among ail ciaaus uepenueut (or suibioutnce upon tbeir own labor. Thrice were these burdens removed by the enactment of a protective tariff. Thrice the protective tariff promptly led to industrial activity, to financial ease, to prosperity among the people. ENGLAND EMPLOYS PRO! NEEDED. The teal of Mr. Gladstone for free trade reaches its highest point in the declaration that "all protection is morally as well as economically bod." There is protection on sea as welt as on land. Mr. Gladstone, while chancellor of tbe exchequer, carried through parliament a bounty of 1180,000 to a line of steamers running between England and the United State*—a protection that began six years before free trade was proclaimed in English manufactures, and continued nearly twenty years after. In the whole period of twenty-five years an aggregate of many millions of dollars was paid out to protect the English line against all competition.My claim is thia: A country cannot possibly raise its aggregate wage twm1 by protection, but must inevitably reduce it It is a contrivance for producing dear and for selling dear, under cover of a wall or fence which ■huts out the cheaper foreign article, or handicaps it on admission by the imposition of a heavy fine. Yet I may for the moment allow it to be possible that, in some particular trade or trades, wages may be raised (at the expense of the community) in consequence ol protection. There was a time when America built ships for Great Britain; namely, before the American revolution. She now imposes heavy duties to prevent oar building ships for her. Even my own recollection goes back to the period, between sixty and seventy years ago, when by far the most, and also the best, part of trade between ns was carried in American bottoms. Having visited the scenery connected with Christ's life, I was glad to close my Journeyby passing through the apostolic lands and seas. You can hardly imagine our feelings as we came in sight of Danwvra, and on the very road where Saul was unhorsed at the flash of the supernal light. We did not want, like him, to be flung to the earth, but we did hope for some great spiritual blessing, brighter than any noonday sun, and a new preparation for usefulness. Our long horseback ride was ended, for a carriage met us some miles out and took us to the city. Theimprmion one receives as he rides along the walled gardens of the place are different from thowproduced by any other city. But we cannot describe our feelings as we entered the city about which we have heard and read to much, the oldest city under the sun, and founded by the grandson of Noah; nor our emotions as we pass through tho street called Straight, along which good Ananias went to meet Saul; and by the site of the palace of Naaman, the leper, and saw the river Abana, as yesterday we saw Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus that Naaman preferred to wash in rather than the Jordan. Strange and unique Damascus! It is worth while to cross the Atlantic and Europe to see it. Though it has been tho place of battle and massacre, and at ancient affluence and splendor as well as it is ' of present prosperity, to mo its chief attraction arises from the fact that here the scate fell from Paul's eyes, and that chief of a poetics here began that mission which will not end until heaven is peopled with ransomed spirits. So also I saw day before yesterday Patmos, where John heard the trumpets and the waves of the sea dashed to his feet, !"♦- minding him of the songs of heaven, "like the voice of many waters." But this letter can only give a hint of the things we mean to tell you about when we get home, where we expect to be before this month is ended. I baptized by immersion in the Jordan au American whom we met, and who desired the solemn ordinance adm'ntstei ed to him in the sacnxl waters. I rolled down from Mount Calve,ry or "place of a skull" a stono for the corner stone of our new Brooklyn Tabernacle. We bathed in the "Dead Sea'' and in "Gideon's Fountain," where his three hundred men lapped the water from their hands as they passed through; and we sailed on Lake Galilee and stood on Mount Zion, and Mount Moriah, and Mount Hermon, and I saw the place where the shepherds heard thcC Christmas anthem the night Christ was boni; and have been at Nazareth, \nd Capernf um, and sat by "Jacob's Well," and s.w Tel-el-Keblr of modern battle, and Megiddo of ancient battle, and where the Israe ites crossed the desert, and slept at Bethel where one ladder was let down into J» cob's dream, bat the night I slept there thw heavens were foil of ladders, first a ladder of clouds, then a ladder of stars, and all up and down the heavens were the angels of beauty, angels at consolation, angels of God ascending and descending; and 1 was on nearly all the fields of Herodic, and Solomonic, and Davidic, and Mosaic, and Abrahamic history. I took Rome and Naples and Athens, and Alexandria and Caira on the way out, and take the Greek Archipelago, and Constantinople, and Vienna on the way back. What more can God in his goodness graat me in the way of natural scenerv. and classic association, and ■pincuai opporrumiyi as jesi x can imm of something gladder than that he can grant me. Safe return to the people of my beloved flock, the field of my work, and the land where my fathers died, and in the dust of whose valleys I pray God I may be buried. T. D* WITT Tautaos. THE MORAL ASPECT Or THE SUUEOT. I urge, also, that all protection is morally as well as economically bad. This is a very different thing from saying that all protectionists are bad. I have seen and known, and had the opportunity of comparing, the temper and frame of mind engendered first by oar protectionism, which we now look back upon as servitude, and then by the commercial freedom and equality which we bare enjoyed for the last thirty or forty years. The one tended to harden into positive selfishness; the other has done much to foster a more liberal tone of mind. Remounting, we continued our coarse, visiting next the Brook Cherith, whero Elijah was sustained with the bread and meat supplied by ravens. At the present time large numbers of these birds frequent the steep declivity in the mountain range through which the stream marks its course. Then, taking the candidate' by the. hand, he led him into the water, quoting the authority for baptism as found in Matthew xxviii, verse 19. Beaching the sufficient depth he immersed the candidate, repeating the usual formula: "In* the name of the Father and of the Son and of tbe "Holy Ghost," after which he pronounced the benediction. At the close of the ceremony Dr. Talmage said: Does not this justify the opinion the English policy of free trade is urged where England can hold the field against rivals, and that when competition leaves her behind she repudiates free trade and substitutes the most pronounced form of protection f It is true that a financial panic occurred in 1873, and its existence would blunt the force of my argument if there were not an imperatively truthful way of accounting for it as a distinct rssult from entirely distinct causes The civil war, which cloeed in 18GfD, had sacrificed on both sides a vast amount of property. Reckoning the money directly expended, the value of property destroyed and the production arrested and prevented, the total is estimated at $8,000,000,000. By nightfall we had reached what issupposed to be the site of old Jericho, where we encamped for the night, and of which no trace remains. If not here certainly near it. at the blasts of Hebrew trumpets fell the walls of the doomed city. Our camp was almost at the foot of what is now called the Mount of Temptation, oti which, it is claimed, Christ was tempted of the devil. The Jericho of the time of our Lord was near. It was a splendid city, of which many remains exist. The bill above its site seems to consist largely of tho rubbish of the houses, temples and palaces in which Herod the Great took pride. Fragments of ancient pottery and glass still reward the zeal of the searcher. Within the same period the prices of the main articles of popular consumption have certainly declined. The laborer's charges, except for his abode, have actually diminished as a whole. For his larger house rent he.has a better house. To the government he pays much less than he did, and from the government he get* much more, and "the increase of his money wages corresponds to a real gain." If it be said that the tale I have told is insufficient, and that wages ought still to rise, this may be so, and rise I hope they will, bat protection had no such tale to tell at alL For the working population at large it msant stagnation, depression, in many cases actual and daily hunger and thirst, in some unquestionable and even gross degradation. IT MAT RAISE WAGES 111 on TRADE. If the labor market, although open to the world, is insufficiently supplied, then the wage earner may possibly r in a given case, come in for a share of the monopoly price of ships. If the hand work bs one requiring a long apprenticeship (so to call it), and thereby impeding the access of domestic competitors, this will augment his share. Then why not The American love of freedom will, beyond all doubt, be to some extent qualified, perhaps in some cases impaired, by the subtle influence of gold, aggregated by many hands in vaster masses than have yet been known. It will not escape Mr. Gladstone's keen observation that British interests in navigation flourish with less rivalry and have increased in greater proportion than any other of tbe great interests of tbe United Kingdom. I ask his candid admission that it is the one interest which England has protected steadily and determinedly, regardless of consistency and regardless of expense. Nor will Mr. Gladstone fall to note that navigation is tbe weakest of the greatest interests in tbe United States, because it is the one which the national gov ernment has constantly refused to protect We really feel as much afraid of protection at sea as Mr. Gladstone is of protection on land. The positions of the American congress and the English parliament on this subject are precisely reversed.* England has never been affrighted by the word subsidy, and, while we have stood still in impotent fear, she has taken possession of the seas by the judicious, and even the lavish, interposition of pecuniary aid. "As the ordinance was observed under the direction of no particular denomination of Christianity and no particular church could be responsible for it, I feel it my duty to report what I did .to the church universal." How wflj the majestic figure, about to become the most powerful on the stage of the world's history, make use of his power! Will it be instinct with moral life in proportion to Its material strength 1 Notwithstanding the evil prophecies on both sides, tbe panio did not come until eight and a half years after the firing of tbe last gna in tbe civil war. Nor did it come until after two great calamities in the years immediately preceding had caused tip expenditure of more than $300,000,000, suddenly withdrawn from the ordinary channels of business. The rapid and extensive rebuilding in Chicago and Boston after the destructive fires of 1871 and 1872 had a closer connection with the panic of 1873 than is commonly thought. Still further, tbe six years' depression, from 1873 to 1879, involved individ ual suffering rather than general distress The country as a whole never advanced in wealth more rapidly than during that period AXEBICA'S OEOWTD SINCE 1800. the like, some one will ask, in all cases) Because the-community in the .given case pays the price of the monopoly—that is to say, throws the price to waste, and because, while a trader in a multitude of commodities may lose upon one of them, and yet' may have a good balance sheet upon the whole, he must not and cannot lose upon them all without ceasing to lie a trader; and a nation, with respect to Its aggregate of production, is as a tingle trailer. stay Heaven avert every darker omen, ana grant that the latest and largest growth of the great Christian civilisation shall also be the brightest and thp beet I While the ceremony was being performed the sheik, who acted as our escort to protect us against attacks by Bedouin robbers, spread his prayer rug and went through his devotions, which being completed there was still time for him to look on awhile. At the conclusion of the service he expressed himself well satisfied with what he had seen, and intimated that we all had the same God, but that while his prophet was Mohammed, ours was Christ. Our dragoman, a native of Nazareth, who has acted as a guide to tourists for more than twentytwo years, said that was the first baptism he ever saw solemnized in the Jordan. The Names of It. In Russia it is called Chinese catarrh; in Germany and Italy the Russian disease; in France Italian fever and Spanish catarrh. In America and England it is known as la grippe. This name is supposed to be derived from the Polish chrypka.. It may, however, be derived from agripper—to seize. The word influenza is of Italian derivation. It is said that the disease received this name because it was attributad to the influence of the stars, or from a secondary signification of the word indicating something fluid, transient or fashionable. The earliest account of a. supposed epidemic on record was in the Athenian army in Sicily, 415 B. C. They have been clearly recorded only since the beginning of the Sixteenth century. —Washington Star. W. E. GLADSTONE. OBIAT WASTB Of/ mOTOCTIO.f International commerce is based, not upon arbitrary or fanciful oowriderations, but upon the unequal distribution among men and regions of aptitudes to produce the several commodities which are nece«ary or useful for the MR. BLAINE REPLIES. There can be no doobt that Mr. Gladstone is the most distinguished representative of the free trade school of political economists. He apolgizea for his apparent interference with our affairs. He may be assured that apology is superfluous. Americans of all classes hold him in honor. Free trade be believes advantageous for England; therefore, without the allowance of any modifying condition, great or small, the Faiglish economist declares it to be advantageous for the United States, for Brazil, for Australia; in short, for all countries with which England can establish trade relations. It would be difficult, if not impossible, for Mr. Gladstone to find any principle of administration or any measure of finance so exactly fitted to the varying needs of all countries as be assumes the policy of free trade to be. Our night at Jericho was the first one on which we camped out The new experience was a pleasant one, disappointing agreeably the anticipations we had formed of it Early the next morning we resumed our journey. The first point of interest that attracted our attention was the peaks known as Mounts Pisgah and Nebo. There is no certainty that the peaks pointed out to us under these names are tho exact ones on which respectively Moses "viewed the landscape o'er" and ended his mortal life, but the probability is that Pisgah is rightly identitled, because on a clear day all Palestine is visible to the naked eye from its summit. We were next shown the house of Zaccheus, which is a remarkably well preserved edifice. That earnest little man who climbed into a sycamore tree to see Jesus, because he was little of stature, took the best means of accomplishing this purpose. The tree named grows branches in a horizontal direction and near the ground, thus affording a capital place of observation. Dr. Talm age's well used Bible came into use for the general good while we were stopping at Zaccheus' house, where our reverend leader read the account of the conversion of its occupant, as related in the Without, then, absolutely denying it to be possible that in some isolatedaad exceptional cases there may be a relation between protection (and all protection, so far as it goes, is monopoly) and high wages, I contend that to refer generally the high rate of wages in the United States to this cause would be nothing teas than preposterous. Ufa t, comfort and advantage of human Viewing tbe country from 1861 to 1880- full twenty-eight years—the longest undisturbed period in which either protection or free trade has been tried in this country, 1 ask Mr. Gladstone if a parallel can be found to the material advancement of the United States. Mr. Gladstone feels sure that, though the protected manufacturers in the United States may flourish and prosper, they do so at the expense of the farmer. Both Mr Gladstone and the American free trader have, then, tbe duty of explaining why the agricultural states of the west have grown in weal to during the long period of protection at a more rapid rata than the manufacturing states of the east FARMER AND LABORER GET THE BENEFIT. The argument of the free trader is that the legislator ought never to interfere, or only to interfere so far as imperative fiscal necessity may require it, with this natural law of distribution."How, then, is it that America, which, as you say, makes enormous waste by protection, nevertheless outstrips all other countries fn the rsnid piM-trnmlation of her weaitnr* My general answer is tne case is like that of an individual who, with wasteful expenditure, has a vast fortune, such as to leave him a large excess of receipts. Soon after the service we mounted our horses and began the return trip, passing on the way Gilgal, where Saul, the first king of Israel, was crowned, and paying a visit of inspection to the huts which are inhabited by the poverty stricken Arabs of modern Jericho. Upon reaching our encampment, which had not been moved, we found an excellent dinner awaiting us. We enjoyed it heartily, having appetites sharpened by pure air and exercise. A large bonfire gave us abundant warmth and light after the evening meal. We were sitting around it at ease, when we received the information that a party from the neighboring mud village of Eriha (the modern Jericho) were about to entertain us with the Jericho dance. All interference with it by a government la order to enoourage mm dearer method of production at home, in preference to a cheaper method of production abroad, may fairly be termed artificial. And every such interference mean* limply a diminution of the national wealth. If region A grows corn at home for fifty shillings which region B can •apply at forty, and region B manufactures cloth at tweotj shillings with which region A can supply at fifteen, the national wealth of each is diminished by the ten and five shillings respectively. In 1860 the population of the United States was in round numbers 31,000,000. At tbe same time the population of the United Kingdom was in round numbers 29,000,000. At tbe end of twenty years (1880), it appeared that the United States added nearly $30,000, 000,000 to her wealth, while the United Kingdom had added nearly $15,000,000,000, or about one-half. Tbe United Kingdom had added 6,000,000 to her population during the period of twenty years, while tbe addition to the United States exceeded 18,000,000. In 1860 eight manufacturing states of the east returned an aggregate wealth of $5,12$, 000,000. Twenty jeetft afterwards, by the census of 1880, tbe same states returned an aggregate wealth of $16,228,000,000. The rate of increase for the twenty years was slightly more than 216 per cent In 1460 eight agricultural states of the west (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska and Wisconsin) returned an aggregate wealth of $2,271,000,000. Twenty years afterwards, by the census of 1880 (protection all the while in full force), thsee same states returned an aggregate wealth of $11,268,000,000. The rate of increase for the twenty years was 396 per cent Dueling In Kurope. Dueling still flourishes furiously in Continental Europe, and the Hungarians appear to gather in the largest crops in the fields of honor. The biggest contract on record in this business was recently undertaken in Pesth by Count Victor Orssitch. He challenged forty gentlemen and nsbles to mortal combat because they criticised rather severely some statements of his made in a club room. One of his invited victims was Count Francois Esterhazy, a gentleman with no less than seventy duels and six dead men upon his conscience. He positively refused to be counted among the proposed cadavers, and gave no reason for the refusal. It is fair to suppose that he has retired from the field,—Chi- Chicago Times. Let dm observe, first, that America produce* an enormous moss of cotton, cereals, meat and other commodities, which is sold in the unsheltered market of the world at such prices as it will yield. The producers are fined for the benefit of the protected interests, and receive nothing in return; but they obtain far their country, as well as for the world, the whole advantage of a vast natural trade—that is to say, a trade ia which production is carried on at a minimum cost in capital and labor as compared with what the rest of the world can do. America invites and obtains in a remarkable degree from all the world one of the great element! of production, without tax of any kind— namely, capital While securing to the Capitalist producer a monopoly in the protected trades, she allows all the world to do its best, by a free immigration, to prevent any corresponding monopoly in the class of workmen. She draws upon a bank of natural resources so vast that it easily bears those deductions of improvidence which simply prevent the results from being vaster still. The American protectionist, let it not be discourteous to urge, is broader in his views than the English free trader. No intelligent protectionist in the United -States pretends that every country would alike realise advantage from the adoption of the protective system. Great Britain aad the United States certainly raemble one another in more ways than either can be said to resemble any other nation in the world; yet, when we compare the two on the question at issue, the differences are so marked that we almost lose sight of the rnnsmhlsnne. So much for the waste unavoidably attaching to dearness of production. But there are other yet worse descriptions of waste, a* to which I know not whether America suf tors fready from them, bat I know that in this country we suffered from them grievously under the sway of protection. Whan the barrier erected by a protective duty 1* so high that no foreigner can overleap it* that duty enables the home manufacturer not only to charge a high price, but to force on the consumer a bad article. Thus, with an extravagant dutv on ford en corks, we nau i or our own use tne worst corics in Europe. And yet again, protection causes waste of another kind in a large "i.e. of cases. Suppose the natural disadvantages of the home producer to equal 15 per cent., but the protective duty to be 30. But cheapness requires minute care, economy and dispatch at all the stages through which production has to pass. This minuto caro and thrift depend mainly on the pressure of competition. There were among us, and there may be elsewhere, many producers whom indolence tempts to neglect; who are not sufficiently drawn to resist this inertia by the attraction of raising profit to a maximum, for whom the prospect of advantage is not enough without the sense of necessity, and whom nothing can spur to a due nimbleness of movement except the fear of not being able to sell their articles. In the case 1 have supposed, the second 15 per cent, is a free margin wherenpon this indolence may disport itself:, the home producer is not only covered for what he wastes through necessity, bat for what he wastes from negligence or choice; and his fellow countrym. a have to pay alike for both. We ■offered grievously from this in England, for oftentimes the rule of the producer Is, or waa, to produce act as well M he cac, but as And hamjy are von if. In 1800 the average wealth, per capita, of the United Kingdom was $1,000, while in the United States it wan but $150. In 1680 the United Kingdom had increased her per capita wealth to 11,230, while the United States had increased her per capita wealth to #870. The United Kingdom had in twenty years increased her per capita wealth 33 per cent, while the United States had increased her per capita wealth more than 03 per cent It at lowanoe should be made for war losses, the ratio of gain in the United States would far exceed 100 per cent The case will be equally striking if we take the fifteen southern states. The rate of Increase for the twenty years was 80 per cent. Consider that during this period eleven states of the south were impoverished by civil war. And yet, at the end of twenty years, the southern states had repaired all their enormous losses and posnuajud nearly doable the wealth they had ever known before. It may perhaps surprise Mr. Gladstone to be told that out of the fifty largest fortunes in the United States—thoee that hare arrested public attention within- the last ten years—certainly not more than one has bean derived from protected manufacturing; and this was amHMwd by a gentleman of the same Scotch blood with Mr. Gladstone himself. In no event can the growth of large fortunes be laid to the charge of the protective policy. The benefit at protection goes first and last to the meo who earn their bread in the sweat of their facea. The auspicious and momentous result is that never before in the history of the world has comfort been enjoyed, education acquired, and independence secured by so large a proportion of the total population as In the United States of America. There were about fifty of these viators, dusky specimens of people, wearing ragged clothing, bareheaded, unkempt and barefooted, and a few of them more than half naked. Their eyes, sharp and piercing, flashed in the bright light of the moon, which had risen beautifully in the clear sky. When they laughed they exposed tows of large, pearly white teeth. Well calculated were they in appearance to people horrid nightmares with demons and to blanch the cheeks of ladies who expected to sleep in summer tents within walking distance of their abode. The fair members of our party were not at all atarmed, however, enjoying indeed the strangers' weird appearance and the dance that followed tlielr coming. The Bedouins were about equally divided as to sex. They kept entirely separate during the strange performance they gave. First the men appeared. Standing in a row, the light of the flickering flames illuminating their features with an uncertain glimmer, they awaited a signal from their leader, who was the sheik of the village, to begin the dance. Receiving it they set to work as one man, singing, screeching, yelling, jumping and accompanying these exercises with oootorttans and r-rrations of every cooceiv- Great Britain is an island leas than ninety thousand square miles in extent Its life depends upon its connection with other countries. Its prosperity rests upon Ha commerce with the world. On the other hand, a single state of the Union is nearly three times as large as Great Britain. Several other states are each quite equal to it in area. The whole Union is well nigh forty tiipes as large. THE TWO HATlOm Goeoel. An hour's delightful ride brought us to "the clear blue waters'" of the Dead sfta—a calm and beautiful expanse, nearly fifty miles long and about ten miles wide. It receives the waters of the Jordan at its northern end, but has no outlet at the south. We sat down on its shingly beach and read its history. Then we bathed our hands and faces in its waters, which as soon as the moisture dried off, we found to be covered with a John Edgar Thompson, late president of the Pennsylvania Railroad company, purchased 100 tons of steel rails in 1863 at a price (freight paid to New York; duty of 45 per cent unpaid) of $108.44 gold coin. (By way of illustrating Mr. Gladstone's claim to superior quality of manufactures under free trade, the railroad company states that many of the rails broke during the first winter's trial.) In 1870 congress laid a specific duty of $38 per ton on steel rails. Prom that time the home market has been held by our own ■ow HAS LOWERED PRICES. A Possible Dead Lorn. With these fundamental point* of difference between the two countries, I assume that varied financial and industrial systems, wrought by the experience of each, would be the natural and logic result. Hence I do not join issue with Mr. Gladstone on both of his propositions. He defends free trade in Great Britain. He assails protection in the United States. The first proposition I neither deny nor affirm. WHY AMZBJCA IS Let mo now mention some at least among those elements of the unrivalled national strength of America which explain to us why she is not ruined by the huge waste of the protective system. And first of these I place the immense extent and vastnees of her territory. She carries on the business of domestic exchanges on a scale such as mankind has never Been. Of all the staple products of human industry and care, how few are there which, in one or another of her countless regions, the soil of America would refuse to yield. manufacturers, with a steady annual fall in price, as the facilities of production increased, until the past summer and autumn, when steal rails were selling In Pittsburg, Chicago and London at substantially the same prices. Doss any free C{rader on either side of the ocean honestly believe that American rails could ever have been furnished as cheaply as English rails, except by the sturdy competition which the highly protective duty of 1870 enabled the American manufacturers to maintain against the foreign manufacturers In the first place, and among American manufacturers themselves in the second placet white, salty inC analysis it is found that from M to 26 per cent, of the weight of its water consists of salts of various kinds. No life exists in the sea itself, but, contrary to what has been stated, there is abundant life on the shores of this lake, which is impressively still and strange. The air on its shores was pure and refreshing, and we should have liked to loiter longer by it Dr. Talmage tried a mouthful of the water of the sea, which he found to be exceedingly disagreeable to the taste. The apples of Sodom we found by actual experiment are not filled with ashes, but with seeds, thus disposing of a fable i. By chemical On many points and in many respects it was far different with Great Britain a hundred years ago. She did not then feel snMirml that she could bear the competitio» of Continental nations. She was, therefore, aggressively, even cruelly, protective. She manufactured for herself and for bar network of colonies reaching around the globe. Into those colonies no other nation could carry anything. There was no seals of duty upon which other nations could enter a colonial port. What-the colonies needed outside of British products could he furnished to them only in British ships. At the Observatory. A party of voting ladies visit the observatory to have a peep through the monster telescope at the new comet. The astronomer conducts them to the Instrument,and the ladies look through in turns. Apart from this wide variety, I suppose there i* no othw country of the whole earth in which, if we combine together the surface and that which ia below the surface, nature has ben so bountiful to man. Now.I&is vast aggregate superiority of purely natural wealth is simply equivalent to the gift, say, mxMvssmm&M "Dont shoot, mister; yer might kill yer chickens."—Puck, JAMES G. BLAINH. "Oh, Laura, isn't it-charming, heavenly, enchanting, wonderful" • * • It don't do to nrglect nature's warniDg schf s through the syttew,,cause Rheumatism, Neuralgia and Bncksche try Red Flag Oil, the Famous Pain Curs. 36 cents. At J. H. Houck, jLtugfiat. A Great Name. and so on, ad libitum. After awhile the sly astronomer observes:"Now, ladies, I will remo.ve the cover and place the instrument iq position, if you will allow me."—Ludfcjgd IHkhfr. English steel for locomotive tires imported in 1888, duty paid, was thirty-four cento per pound in moUL At the prs—it time (1888) 1/ the fair goes to Chicago, they won't be satisfied to call it the World'a fair. They'll jet up a combination name—The Cotambago Exposition.—Puck. ' iz-f